THE RING-BANDED SPHERULITE STRUCTURE OF POLY(EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE) IN ITS MISCIBLE MIXTURES WITH POLY(STYRENE-CO-ACRYLONITRILE)

The structure of the PCL spherulite in poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (PCL/SAN) blends was investigated by optical microscopy and small angle light scattering. The spherulite structure with a Maltese cross has been observed in pure PCL. Similar PCL/SAN blends exhibited not only spherulites with a Maltese cross, but also distinct extinction rings. The H(v) light scattering pattern especially caused diffraction rings in PCL/SAN blends but not in pure PCL. The spherical symmetry of spherulite PCL becomes more incomplete and the twist of the lamella becomes more irregular with increasing SAN content. It is found that the spherulite structure of PCL/SAN blends is dependent on the crystallization temperature and the concentration of SAN in PCL/SAN blends.

镱原子激发态跃迁分支比、寿命和跃迁几率的实验测定

式中A_(ij)是E_i向E_j的跃迁几率,分母是对E_i向不同下能级E_k的所有可能的跃迁几率求和。假定有N_i个原子处于高能级E_j中,则从E_i至E_j发射的荧光强度I_(ij)可用公式

偏最小二乘法及主组分回归法用于药物组分的测定

本文研究了多元校准方法——偏最小二乘法(PLS)和主组份回归法(PCR)在药物多组份光度分析中的应用,获得了较满意的结果。而且在系列校准样品的实验设计、交叉证实法确定最佳因子数以及空缺组份体系的分析等方面进行了探讨。

现代黄河三角洲地区地面沉降特征研究

针对目前现代黄河三角洲地区普遍存在的地面沉降问题，本文以整个现代黄河三角洲平原地区为研究对象，通过收集的重复性水准测量数据、遥感影像、渤海海底及三角洲平原沉积物物理力学数据、长期验潮站数据以及前人文献数据等资料，综合运用雷达差分干涉测量技术（D-InSAR）、工程地质学、GIS和随机动态分析方法，探讨了现代黄河三角洲地区近期地面沉降的现状，并对其自然因素影响下的形成与发展过程进行了综合分析，最后探讨了地面沉降对三角洲发育演化的环境地质效应。 研究结果表明：现代黄河三角洲在以宁海为顶点的河口扇形区域，近期均经历了不同程度的地表下沉过程，但是随区域地理位置和时间的不同，地表变化空间差异性比较明显；三角洲顶点附近区域的下沉速率自上世纪末开始逐渐减小，后期甚至出现轻微的抬升；滨海沿岸附近地区的地表形变特征相对比较复杂，各期叶瓣相互叠置及其各类沉积物的不均匀分配，使由沉积物自然固结压实引起的地表形变具有显著的空间差异；目前，除清水沟流路叶瓣表现为快速沉降以外，其它滨海沿岸区基本上都表现为微弱的下沉。自然状态下三角洲平原的地面沉降分布主要受中―高压缩性软土层和黏性土层固结沉降的控制，分别占沉积物总固结沉降量的40～95%和3～12%（或30～50%）。三角洲平原区沉积层的自重固结沉降已进入后期缓慢沉降阶段，软弱土层的性质及厚度是控制本区不均匀沉降的主导因素。黄河新近沉积物的自重应力对海底浅层沉积物和前三角洲沉积层的固结压缩影响较大，特别是海底淤泥和淤泥质土层在受压初期会发生快速固结压缩，足以引起明显的地表下沉。近几十年来，因区域构造运动和均衡运动引起的地表绝对下沉速率约为3.42 mm/a。该区地面沉降的时空差异性及其在相对海平面上升中的叠加作用，不仅关系到三角洲的垂向发育过程，且对黄河尾闾的摆动、下游河道的淤积、海岸侵蚀和潮滩冲刷等方面都有着重要的影响。

Summer feeding activities of zooplankton in Prydz Bay, Antarctica

Grazing of dominant zooplankton copepods (Calanoides acutus. and Metridia gerlachei), salps (Salpa thompsoni) and microzooplankton was determined during the austral summer of 1998/1999 at the seasonal ice zone of the Prydz Bay region. The objective was to measure the ingestion rates of zooplankton at the seasonal ice zone, so as to evaluate the importance of different groups of zooplankton in their grazing impact on phytoplankton standing stock and primary production. Grazing by copepods was low, and accounted for less than or equal to 1% of phytoplankton standing stocks and 3.8-12.5% of primary production for both species during this study, even the ingestion rates of individuals were at a high level compared with previous reports. S. thompsoni exhibited a relatively high grazing impact on primary production (72%) in the north of our investigation area. The highest grazing impact on phytoplankton was exerted by microzooplankton during this investigation, and accounted for 10-65% of the standing stock of phytoplankton and 34-100% of potential daily primary production. We concluded that microzooplankton was the dominant phytoplankton consumer in this study area. Salps also played an important role in control of phytoplankton where swarming occurred. The grazing of copepods had a relatively small effect on phytoplankton biomass development.

华蟹甲草属和蟹甲草属4种植物的核型

4种植物的染色体间期均为复杂型 ,前期染色体为中间型。华蟹甲草两居群的染色体数目及核型为 2n =60 =4 4m +16sm ( 4SAT)和 2n =60 =4 2m +18sm ( 2SAT)。蟹甲草属 3种 :阔柄蟹甲草为 2n =60 =50m +10sm ;蛛毛蟹甲草为 2n =60 =50m +10sm ( 2SAT) ;三角叶蟹甲草两居群分别为 2n =60 =4 4m +16sm ( 2SAT)和 2n =60 =4 4m +16sm。核型均为 2A型。尽管华蟹甲草属与蟹甲草属在外部形态上差别较大 ,但核型上却较为相似。

三门峡宋家店黄土－古土壤序列的地层学研究及其古环境记录

The Sanmen Gorge area is located in the southernmost margin of the Chinese Loess Plateau with well developed eolian deposit sequence for the past 2.6 Ma, providing a key site for further understanding of the evolution history of the East Asian monsoon since late Pliocene. This study attempted to characterize the stratigraphy and paleoclimate record of the loess-paleosol sequence in the Songjiadian section. The work involved includes systematic field investigation, paleomagnetic and rock magnetic analyses, grain size and major chemical composition analyses, and multiple proxy measurements of magnetic susceptibility, color reflectance and the ratio of CBD-dissolvable iron to the total iron (FeD/FeT). By comparisons of the Songjiadian section with well studied loess sections in the west of the Sanmen Gorge, the spatial variations of the East Asian monsoon was evaluated for some periods during which typical loess or paleosols developed. The following conclusions have been obtained. 1. Stratigraphic correlation and paleomagnetic result demonstrate that the loess-paleosol sequence in the Songjiadian section was accumulated from 2.6Ma, and is generally a complete and continuous loess sequence. However, notable differences from type loess sections have been identified for a few loess and paleosol units, featured by absence or anomalous thickness in the Songjiadian section. 2. Magnetic susceptibility and chromaticity records clearly reveal the loess-paleosol cycles, and indicate that the Sanmen Gorge area has been warmer and more humid than the Lingtai and Jingchuan sections in the western central Loess Plateau since the Early Pleistocene. 3. Grain size distribution patterns are typical of eolian dust, and show a great similarity between various units of loess and paleosols, and between the S32 and the underlying Red Clay through the Songjiadian profile, suggesting the eolian origin for the loess, paleosols and the Red Clay. 4. Comparison of the FeD/FeT curves from different loess sections indicates a stronger chemical weathering in the Songjiadian section and notable enhancement around 1800, 800 and 600 ka BP, implying the strengthening of the East Asian monsoon during these periods. In contrast, it was weakened at 1100 ka BP. Generally, the summer monsoon shows a gradually decreasing trend during the entire Pleostocene, but the spatial pattern typified by an increasing trend in weathering intensity from north to south remained the same. 5. The loess unit L9 in the Songjiadian section displays two geomagnetic field anomalies with the midpoint ages of 0.917 and 0.875 Ma respectively, with a segment of 12 ka. They are demonstrated to be equivalent to the Santa Rosa and Kamikatsura geomagnetic excursions. 6. Magnetite is the main magnetic carrier for both loess and paleosols. Maghemite concentration is higher in paleosols than in loess, and is an important carrier for the enhanced magnetic susceptibility in paleosols. Magnetic fabric analysis suggests a dominant N-S wind direction prevailing in the L9 and L15, while the summer winds were dominantly in NNE-SSW direction during the S8 period, notably differing from previous studies.

南秦岭毒重石成矿带矿床中的生物成因重晶石及其意义

紫阳黄柏树湾毒重石矿床和竹山文峪河毒重石-重晶石矿床呈层状或似层状产于下寒武统下部或其相当层位的硅质岩中,矿体受岩性和岩相控制作用明显.矿床中毒重石、钡解石和方解石的碳、氧同位素研究结果表明,组成这些矿物的碳主要为有机成因碳;毒重石或重晶石矿石中发现的生物成因重晶石(bio-barite)说明Ba主要通过生物成因重晶石的形式将海水中的Ba2+浓集并沉降于海底,形成钡矿床的初始富集体,而毒重石是在早期成岩阶段在生物和有机质作用下交代重晶石的基础上形成的.紫阳黄柏树湾毒重石矿床和竹山文峪河毒重石-重晶石矿床呈层状或似层状产于下寒武统下部或其相当层位的硅质岩中,矿体受岩性和岩相控制作用明显.矿床中毒重石、钡解石和方解石的碳、氧同位素研究结果表明,组成这些矿物的碳主要为有机成因碳;毒重石或重晶石矿石中发现的生物成因重晶石(bio-barite)说明Ba主要通过生物成因重晶石的形式将海水中的Ba2+浓集并沉降于海底,形成钡矿床的初始富集体,而毒重石是在早期成岩阶段在生物和有机质作用下交代重晶石的基础上形成的.

Using oxidized carbon nanotubes as matrix for analysis of small molecules by MALDI-TOF MS

Oxidized carbon nanotubes are tested as a matrix for analysis of small molecules by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Compared with nonoxidized carbon nanotubes, oxidized carbon nanotubes facilitate sample preparation because of their higher solubility in water. The matrix layer of oxidized carbon nanotubes is much more homogeneous and compact than that of nonoxidized carbon nanotubes. The efficiency of desorption/ionization for analytes and the reproducibility of peak intensities within and between sample spots are greatly enhanced on the surface of oxidized carbon nanotubes. The advantage of the oxidized carbon nanotubes in comparison with alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CCA) and carbon nanotubes is demonstrated by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of an amino acid mixture. The matrix is successfully used for analysis of synthetic hydroxypropyl P-cyclodextrin, suggesting a great potential for monitoring reactions and for product quality control. Reliable quantitative analysis of jatrorrhizine and palmatine with a wide linear range (1-100 ng/mL) and good reproducibility of relative peak areas (RSD less than 10 %) is achieved using this matrix. Concentrations of jatrorrhizine (8.65 mg/mL) and palmatine (10.4 mg/mL) in an extract of Coptis chinensis Franch are determined simultaneously using the matrix and a standard addition method. (c) 2005 American Society for Mass Spectrometry.

Behind, Between, and Beyond Anthropomorphic Models

The plurality of models of ultimate reality is a central problem for religious philosophy. This essay sketches what is involved in mounting comparative inquiries across the plurality of models. In order to illustrate what advance would look like in such a comparative inquiry, an argument is presented to show that highly anthropomorphic models of ultimate reality are inferior to a number of competitors. This paper was delivered as a keynote address during the APA Pacific 2007 Mini-Conference on Models of God.

Design of miniaturized wireless sensor mote and actuator for building monitoring and control

In this paper, a wireless sensor network mote hardware design and implementation are introduced for building deployment application. The core of the mote design is based on the 8 bit AVR microcontroller, Atmega1281 and 2.4 GHz wireless communication chip, CC2420. The module PCB fabrication is using the stackable technology providing powerful configuration capability. Three main layers of size 25 mm2 are structured to form the mote; these are RF, sensor and power layers. The sensors were selected carefully to meet both the building monitoring and design requirements. Beside the sensing capability, actuation and interfacing to external meters/sensors are provided to perform different management control and data recording tasks. Experiments show that the developed mote works effectively in giving stable data acquisition and owns good communication and power performance.

Women's help seeking behaviour and the associated influencing factors on self discovery of a breast symptom

To investigate women’s help seeking behavior (HSB) following self discovery of a breast symptom and determine the associated influencing factors. A descriptive correlation design was used to ascertain the help seeking behavior (HSB) and the associated influencing factors of a sample of women (n = 449) with self discovered breast symptoms. The study was guided by the ‘Help Seeking Behaviour and Influencing Factors” conceptual framework (Facione et al., 2002; Meechan et al., 2003, 2002; Leventhal, Brissette and Leventhal, 2003 and O’Mahony and Hegarty, 2009b). Data was collected using a researcher developed multi-scale questionnaire package to ascertain women’s help seeking behavior on self discovery of a breast symptom and determine the factors most associated with HSB. Factors examined include: socio-demographics, knowledge and beliefs (regarding breast symptom; breast changes associated with breast cancer; use of alternative help seeking behaviours and presence or absence of a family history of breast cancer),emotional responses, social factors, health seeking habits and health service system utilization and help seeking behavior. A convenience sample (n = 449 was obtained by the researcher from amongst women attending the breast clinics of two large urban hospitals within the Republic of Ireland. All participants had self-discovered breast symptoms and no previous history of breast cancer. The study identified that while the majority of women (69.9%; n=314) sought help within one month, 30.1% (n=135) delayed help seeking for more than one month following self discovery of their breast symptom. The factors most significantly associated with HSB were the presenting symptom of ‘nipple indrawn/changes’ (p = 0.005), ‘ignoring the symptom and hoping it would go away’ (p < 0.001), the emotional response of being ‘afraid@ on symptom discovery (p = 0.005) and the perception/belief in longer symptom duration (p = 0.023). It was found that women who presented with an indrawn/changed nipple were more likely to delay (OR = 4.81) as were women who ‘ignored the symptoms and hoped it would go away’ (OR = 10.717). Additionally, the longer women perceived that their symptom would last, they more likely they were to delay (OR = 1.18). Conversely, being afraid following symptom discovery was associated with less delay (OR = 0.37; p=0.005). This study provides further insight into the HSB of women who self discovered breast symptoms. It highlights the complexity of the help seeking process, indicating that is not a linear event but is influenced by multiple factors which can have a significant impact on the outcomes in terms of whether women delay or seek help promptly. The study further demonstrates that delayed HSB persists amongst women with self discovered breast symptoms. This has important implications for continued emphasis on the promotion of breast awareness, prompt help seeking for self discovered breast symptoms and early detection and treatment of breast cancer, amongst women of all ages.

Lactancias extendidas en sistemas de producción lechera argentinos

En la Argentina los sistemas de producción de leche utilizan animales mejorados genéticamente para producir en condiciones de dietas muy suplementadas en planteos productivos de base pastoril con suplementación. En estos sistemas el objetivo es obtener un parto por vaca por año pero son muy pocos los tambos que llegan a cumplirlo porque se atrasa el momento de la concepción prolongando las lactancias. El objetivo del trabajo fue investigar los factores que influyen en la productividad de tambos ubicados en el centro de la provincia de Santa Fe y las razones que determinan la duración de las lactancias en estos tambos con el fin de analizar estrategias de manejo que consideren el uso de lactancias extendidas para lograr aumentos de productividad sostenibles. Adicionalmente se exploraron aquellos factores reproductivos asociados al largo de lactancia, como determinante de los litros totales producidos por vaca. Se analizó información de 1620 vacas de once tambos, recolectada en junio de 2008. Para cada tambo y para el conjunto de tambos se estimaron los valores promedio y desvío estándar del porcentaje de vacas secadas antes de los 365 días en lactancia (DEL), porcentaje de vacas vacías con más de 200 DEL y los servicios por vaca hasta confirmar preñez. En las vacas que cerraron su lactancia durante el periodo julio 2007 - junio 2008 (n igual a 892) se estimó la producción de leche acumulada al fin de la lactancia (PT), la producción de leche diaria (PD) y el valor de DEL. Además se estimó la producción de leche por hectárea y la carga animal. Los datos se analizaron por regresión lineal. Para explorar la relación entre PT con PD y DEL se hizo un análisis de regresión múltiple. En los casos analizados el aumento en la duración de la lactancia sería consecuencia de un atraso en el logro de preñez con un impacto relativamente bajo sobre la productividad de los sistemas.