大相岭北坡大熊猫生境适宜性评价

2005年3-11月采用样线法和样方法对大相岭北坡大熊猫栖息地进行了调查,通过利用样方法发现的大熊猫痕迹频次对栖息地的适宜性进行景观连接度(适宜性)赋值,对大相岭北坡大熊猫栖息地的质量进行了分析评价。研究区面积约为2266.79km2,其中竹林分布面积约为842.3km2。仅有约56.8km2占6.8%的竹林面积是适宜大熊猫生存的地区,次适宜地区面积为96.3km2,约占11.4%,较差适宜地区面积为177.4km2,约占21.1%,3个等级加到一起共为330.5km2,占竹林面积的39.3%,主要分布在2200-2800m的平缓山坡,有60%以上为不适宜地区。人为活动对大熊猫栖息地的影响主要是不仅减少了大熊猫的生境面积,也降低了大熊猫亚种群之间的景观连接度,对大熊猫种群之间的基因交流产生阻碍。作者通过实际调查提出了管理措施。

旱地新型土壤供氮力指标——氯仿熏蒸浸提氮

模拟旱地条件进行盆栽试验,尝试用氯仿熏蒸-浸提法测定土壤供氮力。分析了熏蒸前后各种形态氮素含量的变化,并对黑麦草吸氮量与农田土壤熏蒸-浸提氮进行了相关性分析。结果表明:各种施肥处理以及不同土地利用方式下氯仿熏蒸-浸提氮与黑麦草吸氮量有明显的相关性,氯仿熏蒸浸提的硝态氮和有机氮与吸氮量均呈极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.938和0.942。氯仿熏蒸浸提全氮能全面可靠地反映土壤的供氮力,表明氯仿熏蒸浸提氮是一个良好的土壤供氮力指标,它可以用于估计农田土壤的供氮力。氯仿熏蒸浸提法测定土壤有效氮适于包括碱性土壤和水田土壤在内的各种类型土壤。

利用16SrDNA序列对十株根瘤菌系统发育的研究

为了确定本所保存的部分根瘤菌的种属地位,我们从中选出10株菌株,对其16S rDNA进行扩增并测序,利用分子生物学软件对序列进行分析,得到根瘤菌系统发育树状图,对比相应的生理生化结果,重新定位了它们在根瘤菌系统发育中的种属地位,将生物信息学应用用于根瘤菌的种属命名具有重要的科学意义。

服务现代农业,推进国际交流——对《中国旱地农业》一书的评价

由于受区域降水的限制,又缺乏灌溉条件,旱地农业通常被认为是一种风险性大的产业。但是,随着科学技术的进步和水资源紧缺的不可逆转,发展半干旱和半湿润地区的旱地农业将不再是一种不得已的被动做法,而成为一种面向未来的积极对策。在最大限度减少灌溉用水的条件下提高农田产量,同时改善生态环境并降低经济成本是现代农业科学技术所力求实现的目标。旱地农业日益受到重视的另一个重要原因是,旱地农业与灌溉农业的互通性增强了,应将它们看作是一个连续系统,两者都强调以充分利用自然降水为基础,都用消耗单位水量形成多少生产量来评价。在节水灌溉农业中也必须善于运用旱作技术,而在发展旱地农业中也提倡通过集水等措施实施补充灌溉。旱地农业和旱作技术的重要性加大了,其内涵也扩展了。在这一背景下编著出版《中国旱地农业》这一大型专著无疑具有十分重要的意义。自20世纪80年代以来国内已有多部关于旱地农业的书籍问世,各具特色,对于该领域的深入研究和发展旱区生产起到了积极推动作用。但总体看,多数出版物在系统性和综合性上都还有不足,或偏重于旱农技术本身的介绍,或仅针对某一特定区域进行论述,或包含的学科领域有限。李生秀等编著的《中国旱地农业》一书除了抓住上述旱地农业...

黄土高原的林草资源和适宜覆盖率

对于一个国家或地区来说 ,为了在社会与自然界之间建立和谐的作用关系 ,使保护森林和发展林业与社会经济发展相协调 ,以维持区域生态平衡 ,必需具备相应的森林资源水平 ,即一定的森林覆盖率。黄土高原的植被在总体上属温带草原区域 ,其基本特点在于 ,自东南而西北具有依次更替的地带性分布规律 ,即依次分布有森林、森林草原、典型草原和荒漠草原等 4个植被带 ,其中草原占有重要的位置。因此 ,在研究该地区适宜覆盖率时 ,必须将草地资源包括在内 ,确定适宜的林草覆盖率。1　林草植被资源本项研究的主体是晋、陕、蒙、甘、宁 5省 (区 )的黄土高原水土流失区 ,计 1 0 6个县 ,其面积为 2 7 3× 1 0 4 ｋｍ2 ,占典型黄土高原面积 38× 1 0 4 ｋｍ2 的 71 8%。该地区现有林地面积 938× 1 0 4 ｈｍ2 ,占总面积的 34 4% ,其中有林地和灌木林地 41 7× 1 0 4 ｈｍ2 ,森林覆盖率 1 5 2 % ,宜林地 42 6× 1 0 4 ｈｍ2 ;草地面积 842× 1 0 4 ｈｍ2 ,占总面积的 30 9%。这些林地和草地 ,从总体布局来看 ,南部半湿润区森林面积较多 ,北...

沈阳城市森林三维绿量模拟及其影响因子

为探求便捷有效的小面积城市森林三维绿量的测算方法,根据林木生长的分形原理,采用逐步回归方法获取了沈阳城市森林三维绿量的13个模拟方程,并对其影响因素进行分析.结果表明:13个模拟方程的决定系数(R2)在0.612~0.842,残差分析没有呈现明显图样,模型精度均在87%(α=0.05)和83%(α=0.01)以上,其中最便捷的模拟方程是ln■=7.468+0.926 lnx1[■为模拟三维绿量,x1为每公顷胸高断面积(SDB)].模拟方程的标准回归系数与16个树木特征间的相关关系显示,影响沈阳城市森林三维绿量的最主要因素是每公顷胸高断面积(SDB).

Precipitation-use efficiency along a 4500-km grassland transect

National Natural Science Foundation of China [30590381, 40971027]; State Key Technologies RD Program [2006BAC08]; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; National Key Research and Development Program [2010CB833501]

Effect of shear on the crystallization behavior of glass bead filled polypropylene

Linkam CSS450 optical shearing stage, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS) were used to investigate the effect of shear on crystal structure and crystallization morphology of the glass bead filled polypropylene( PP). The results indicate that the glass bead worked as nucleating agent for the glass bead filled PP, compared with pure PP it restrained the formation of beta-crystal after shear treatment. When the mean size of glass bead is smaller(4 mu m) shear rate had less effect on the formation of beta-crystal of PP obviously.

ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION OF MAGNESIUM IN ETHEREAL GRIGNARD SALT SOLUTION WITH IONIC LIQUID ADDITIVE

The electrochemical deposition of magnesium was investigated in ethereal Grignard salt solution with tetraethylammonium bistrifluoro-methanesulfonimidate additive, using cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic transients, and scanning electron microscope measurements. The voltammograms showed the presence of reduction and oxidation peaks associated with the deposition and dissolution of magnesium. From the analysis of the experimental current transients, it was shown that the magnesium deposition process was characterized as a three-dimensional nucleation. The deposited product obtained from potentiostatic reduction presented a generally uniform and dense film.

Influence of the degree of grafting on the morphology and mechanical properties of blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) and glycidyl methacrylate grafted poly(ethylene-co-propylene) (EPR)

Poly(ethylene-co-propylene) (EPR) was functionalized to varying degrees with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) by melt grafting processes. The EPR-graft-GMA elastomers were used to toughen poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT). Results showed that the grafting degree strongly influenced the morphology and mechanical properties of PBT/EPR-graft-GMA blends. Compatibilization reactions between the carboxyl and/or hydroxyl of PBT and epoxy groups of EPR-graft-GMA induced smaller dispersed phase sizes and uniform dispersed phase distributions. However, higher degrees of grafting (>1.3) and dispersed phase contents (>10 wt%) led to higher viscosities and severe crosslinking reactions in PBT/EPR-graft-GMA blends, resulting in larger dispersed domains of PBT blends. Consistent with the change in morphology, the impact strength of the PBT blends increased with the increase in EPR-graft-GMA degrees of grafting for the same dispersion phase content when the degree of grafting was below 1.8. However, PBT/EPR-graft-GMA1.8 displayed much lower impact strength in the ductile region than a comparable PBT/EPR-graft-GMA1.3 blend (1.3 indicates degree of grafting).

Single-molecule dynamics reveals cooperative binding-folding in protein recognition

The study of associations between two biomolecules is the key to understanding molecular function and recognition. Molecular function is often thought to be determined by underlying structures. Here, combining a single-molecule study of protein binding with an energy-landscape-inspired microscopic model, we found strong evidence that biomolecular recognition is determined by flexibilities in addition to structures. Our model is based on coarse-grained molecular dynamics on the residue level with the energy function biased toward the native binding structure ( the Go model). With our model, the underlying free-energy landscape of the binding can be explored. There are two distinct conformational states at the free-energy minimum, one with partial folding of CBD itself and significant interface binding of CBD to Cdc42, and the other with native folding of CBD itself and native interface binding of CBD to Cdc42. This shows that the binding process proceeds with a significant interface binding of CBD with Cdc42 first, without a complete folding of CBD itself, and that binding and folding are then coupled to reach the native binding state.

An encapsulation of the rare earth complex in modified mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41

The encapsulation of a rare earth (RE) complex Eu(DBM)(3)phen in modified S1-MCM-41 with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is reported for the first time. The luminescence intensity of the RE complex in the modified Si-MCM-41 is about 9 times as strong as in unmodified Si-MCM-41 and the luminescence of the RE complex in the modified SI-MCM-41 has good color purity.

Electrochemistry of vanadium hexacyanoferrate film

Two stable redox couples, accompanying clear color switches between yellow green and blue, can be observed when the VHCF-coated film platinum electrodes are cyclic potential scanned in 3.6 M H2SO4 and 0.2 M K2SO4 electrolyte solution. Electrochemical results and in situ Fourier transfer infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy demonstrate that the redox reaction of the electroactive iron sites is related to the first redox couple (E-1/2 = 0.81 V) while the second redox couple (E-1/2 = 1.01 V) is due to the redox reactions of the electroactive vanadyl ions. Under the proper conditions, such as in high acidic solutions or thin films (deposition time is less than 2 min) and so on, the third redox couple (E-1/2 = 0.89-0.94 V) can be observed on the cyclic voltammograms, which originates from the redox reactions of the interstitial vanadyl ions. This electrochemical reaction mechanism is investigated by in situ probe beam deflection technique, exchange of K+ ions accompanies with redox reaction of the iron sites, but for redox reaction of the vanadyl ions, both H+ ions, K+ ions and water molecules are involved.

EPITAXIAL BEHAVIOR OF HDPE ON THE BOUNDARY OF HIGHLY ORIENTED IPP SUBSTRATES

The epitaxial crystallization behavior of high-density polyethylene on the boundary of highly oriented isotactic polypropylene (iPP) substrates has been investigated by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results obtained from AFM and TEM indicate that the epitaxial nucleation of HDPE on the highly oriented iPP substrates occurs earlier than that in the pure HDPE phase, i.e., homogeneous nucleation. Therefore the epitaxially grown HDPE lamellae can grow across the boundary of the iPP substrate into the HDPE spherulitic phase with the epitaxial orientation relationship remaining.