Electrochemical determination of thermodynamic properties of DyRhO3 and phase relations in the system Dy-Rh-O

Thermodynamic properties of Dysprosium rhodite (DyRhO3) are measured in the temperature range from 900 to 1,300 K using a solid-state electrochemical cell incorporating yttria-stabilized zirconia as the electrolyte. The standard Gibbs free energy of formation of DyRhO3 with O-type perovskite structure from its components binary oxides, Dysprosia with C-rare earth structure and beta-Rh2O3 with orthorhombic structure, can be represented by the equation: Delta G(f(OX))(O) (+/- 182)/J mol(-1) = -52710+3.821(T/K). By using the thermodynamic data for DyRhO3 from experiment and auxiliary data for other phases from the literature, the phase relations in the system Dy-Rh-O are computed. Thermodynamic data for intermetallic phases in the binary system Dy-Rh, required for constructing the chemical potential diagrams, are evaluated using calorimetric data available in the literature for three intermetallics and Miedema's model, consistent with the phase diagram. The results are presented in the form of Gibbs triangle, oxygen potential-composition diagram, and three-dimensional chemical potential diagram at 1,273 K. Temperature-composition diagrams at constant oxygen partial pressures are also developed. The decomposition temperature of DyRhO3 is 1,732 (+/- 2.5) K in pure oxygen and 1,624 (+/- 2.5) K and in air at standard pressure.

Modeling Equitable Distribution of Water: Dynamic Inversion-Based Controller Approach

It is a well-known fact that most of the developing countries have intermittent water supply and the quantity of water supplied from the source is also not distributed equitably among the consumers. Aged pipelines, pump failures, and improper management of water resources are some of the main reasons for it. This study presents the application of a nonlinear control technique to overcome this problem in different zones in the city of Bangalore. The water is pumped to the city from a large distance of approximately 100km over a very high elevation of approximately 400m. The city has large undulating terrain among different zones, which leads to unequal distribution of water. The Bangalore, inflow water-distribution system (WDS) has been modeled. A dynamic inversion (DI) nonlinear controller with proportional integral derivative (PID) features (DI-PID) is used for valve throttling to achieve the target flows to different zones of the city. This novel approach of equitable water distribution using DI-PID controllers that can be used as a decision support system is discussed in this paper.

Alternative Formulation of the Discrete Linear Quadratic Regulator (DLQR)

In this paper, an alternative apriori and aposteriori formulation has been derived for the discrete linear quadratic regulator (DLQR) in a manner analogous to that used in the discrete Kalman filter. It has been shown that the formulation seamlessly fits into the available formulation of the DLQR and the equivalent terms in the existing formulation and the proposed formulation have been identified. Thereafter, the significance of this alternative formulation has been interpreted in terms of the sensitivity of the controller performances to any changes in the states or to changes in the control inputs. The implications of this alternative formulation to adaptive controller tuning have also been discussed.

Kinetics and Force Dependence of P-selectin/PSGL-1 Interactions Measured by AFM

Leukocytes roll along the endothelium of postcapillary venules in response to inflammatory and thrombotic processes. The rolling under hydrodynamic shear forces is a first step in directing leukocytes out of the blood stream into sites of inflammation and is mediated by the selectins, a family of extended, modular, and calcium-dependent lectin receptors. The interactions between P-, E-or L-selectins and their count.

La ganadería bovina con énfasis en la cadena de carne, en el municipio de Muy Muy, Matagalpa

Con el objetivo de caracterizar la ganadería bovina con énfasis en la carne, del municipio de Muy Muy, Departamento de Matagalpa, se realizó un diagnóstico estático en 238 fincas ganaderas. La zona es de trópico semihumedo, en transición entre la zona seca y la zona húmeda, con precipitaciones anuales de 1,505 mm promedio, con temperaturas de 27 grados celcius promedio mensual y una humedad relativa de 80. 30%. Los suelos son mollisoles con alto contenido de materia orgánica y nutriente, excepto fósforo, cuyo principal limitante la representa la pendiente de la zona alta. Los resultados muestran que la ganadería extensiva se practica en un 89.91% de los productores, siendo muestreado el 35% del territorio, el municipio cuenta con 376 kilómetros cuadrados, del área muestreada el 85.56% está ocupada en actividades ganaderas, el 7.31 % con agricultura y un 7.12 % con área forestal. El inventario del hato ganadero del municipio es aproximadamente de 21,986 cabezas de ganado, siendo el 21.22 % vacas en 20.65 % novillos, 1.83 % toros y 1.12 % bueyes, raciales dominantes son: Brahaman con 58.71 %, Pardo% producción; los grupos suizo 14.93%, Suindico 13.43 %, Holstein 8.96 %., Reyna 1.49 % e Indobrasil. con 1.49 %, el 80 % de los terneros son retenidos por sus dueños, para engordarlos y venderlos a mayor precio. La distribución del sistema de la producción de carne encontrado es: crianza 52.52 %, Crianza-Desarrollo 29.83 %, Crianza-Desarrollo-Engorde 11.34 % , el 6.31 % de los ganaderos, lo tiene como producción de leche de autoconsumo, el incremento de peso por día de los novillos de engorde es de 9.49 kilogramos y los novillos de desarrollo 0.32 kilogramos, los terneros al destete tienen un incremento de peso de 0.24 kilogramos por día y al nacer pesan menos de 22 kilogramos aproximadamente, los suplementos que más se suministran al ganado son: sal común 96.64 % , micronutrientes el 19.75 % y caña de azúcar el 19.33% Los principales indicadores zootécnicos encontrados son: natalidad de 48 %, mortalidad de terneros 9.84 % , morbilidad de terneros 19.37 % 1 mortalidad de adultos 2.23 % , morbilidad de adultos 2.99 % , destete efectivo 90.16 % , largo de lactancia 309.07 días, carga animal 0.78 ua/mz, intervalo entre parto y parto 432.39 días, producción de leche por vaca en verano 3.93 litros promedio, producción de leche por vaca en invierno 6.47 litros promedio, producción anual por vaca 1,607.16 litros, edad del primer parto 3.42 años, peso de la vaquilla al primer celo 175.56 kilogramos aproximadamente, peso del recién nacido 21.71 kilogramos aproximadamente. Los costos de producción de la carne y la leche resultan más eficientes en los pequeños y medianos ganaderos, obteniendo que el costo de producción de un kilogramo de carne es de es 0.97 para los pequeños ganaderos y de es 1.40 para los medianos, mientras que los grandes ganaderos tienen es 1.83 , de igual manera, en la producción de leche los pequeños y medianos ganaderos son más eficientes , obteniendo un costo por litro de leche, de es 0.24 los pequeños y es 0.49 los medianos y los grandes ganaderos tienen es 0.56.

Derivation Of A Nonlinear Reynolds Stress Model Using Renormalization Group Analysis And Two-Scale Expansion Technique

Adopting Yoshizawa's two-scale expansion technique, the fluctuating field is expanded around the isotropic field. The renormalization group method is applied for calculating the covariance of the fluctuating field at the lower order expansion. A nonlinear Reynolds stress model is derived and the turbulent constants inside are evaluated analytically. Compared with the two-scale direct interaction approximation analysis for turbulent shear flows proposed by Yoshizawa, the calculation is much more simple. The analytical model presented here is close to the Speziale model, which is widely applied in the numerical simulations for the complex turbulent flows.

Validity ranges of interfacial wave theories in a two-layer fluid system

In the present paper, we endeavor to accomplish a diagram, which demarcates the validity ranges for interfacial wave theories in a two-layer system, to meet the needs of design in ocean engineering. On the basis of the available solutions of periodic and solitary waves, we propose a guideline as principle to identify the validity regions of the interfacial wave theories in terms of wave period T, wave height H, upper layer thickness d(1), and lower layer thickness d(2), instead of only one parameter-water depth d as in the water surface wave circumstance. The diagram proposed here happens to be Le Mehautes plot for free surface waves if water depth ratio r = d(1)/d(2) approaches to infinity and the upper layer water density rho(1) to zero. On the contrary, the diagram for water surface waves can be used for two-layer interfacial waves if gravity acceleration g in it is replaced by the reduced gravity defined in this study under the condition of sigma = (rho(2) - rho(1))/rho(2) -> 1.0 and r > 1.0. In the end, several figures of the validity ranges for various interfacial wave theories in the two-layer fluid are given and compared with the results for surface waves.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 122A]

Termina o prazo para apresentação de emendas ao anteprojeto da Constituição. Foram apresentadas 5.607 emendas. Geraldo Campos (PMDB-DF) defende duas emendas sobre o direito de greve e benefício aos servidores públicos. Amaury Muller (PDT-RS) acredita que o conceito de empresa nacional precisa ser refeito. Carlos Sant'Anna (PMDB-BA) destaca o sistema de governo, ao qual pretende dar um caráter mais presidencialista, mas com regras parlamentaristas bem nítidas. Bernardo Cabral (PMDB-AM) diz que 80% das emendas apresentadas são de mérito e serão indeferidas, pois nesta fase o conteúdo do anteprojeto não pode ser alterado. Explicação sobre as próximas fases da tramitação do anteprojeto da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC). Grupos colhem assinaturas para emendas populares.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 124A]

Afonso Arinos (PFL-RJ), Presidente da Comissão de Sistematização, avaliou todas as 5. 607 emendas apresentadas, tendo rejeitado 4.200 e aprovado 1407. As aprovadas serão encaminhadas ao Relator Bernardo Cabral (PMDB-AM). Ulysses Guimarães (PMDB-SP) reúne a Mesa Diretora da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC), para discutir as regras de acesso dos populares, das autoridades e da imprensa às votações no Congresso Nacional. Ulysses Guimarães declara estar certo de que aqueles que virão não terão o ânimo de fazer desordens. Dados sobre o mercado de informática no Brasil desde o final da década de 70. Constituintes opinam sobre a reserva de mercado na informática e se a mesma deve estar prevista no texto constitucional ou somente em lei ordinária. Esclarecem suas posições os Deputados Pimenta da Veiga (PMDB-MG), Cristina Tavares (PMDB-PE), Roberto D'Ávila (PDT-RJ) e Maurício Fruet (PMDB-PR).

La aportación de W. von Humboldt a la gramática vasca

[EN] The aim of this paper is to introduce the main contributions of Humboldt to the study of the Basque grammar. His methodological innovations and the influence he had on european linguists are pointed out, the grammatical sources available to him are mentioned and his woks on Basque grammar are enumerated. Some of Humboldt's most interesting analysis are mentioned and are placed in the former and later tradition of the Basque grammar.

Antiguidades digitalizadas

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Cultores de divinidades indígenas en el Conventus Asturum: onomástica personal y condición cívica

Juan Manuel Abascal Palazón, Antonio Caballos Rufino, Santiago Castellanos Garcia y Juan Santos Yanguas (eds.)