Cytogenetic analysis of Phyllomedusa distincta Lutz, 1950 (2n = 2x = 26), P. tetraploidea Pombal and Haddad, 1992 (2n = 4x = 52), and their natural triploid hybrids (2n = 3x = 39) (Anura, Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae)

Background: Natural polyploidy has played an important role during the speciation and evolution of vertebrates, including anurans, with more than 55 described cases. The species of the Phyllomedusa burmeisteri group are mostly characterized by having 26 chromosomes, but a karyotype with 52 chromosomes was described in P. tetraploidea. This species was found in sintopy with P. distincta in two localities of São Paulo State (Brazil), where triploid animals also occur, as consequence of natural hybridisation. We analyse the chromosomes of P. distincta, P. tetraploidea, and their triploid hybrids, to enlighten the origin of polyploidy and to obtain some evidence on diploidisation of tetraploid karyotype.Results: Phyllomedusa distincta was 2n = 2x = 26, whereas P. tetraploidea was 2n = 4x = 52, and the hybrid individuals was 2n = 3x = 39. In meiotic phases, bivalents were observed in the diploid males, whereas both bivalents and tetravalents were observed in the tetraploid males. Univalents, bivalents or trivalents; metaphase II cells carrying variable number of chromosomes; and spermatids were detected in the testis preparations of the triploid males, indicating that the triploids were not completely sterile. In natural and experimental conditions, the triploids cross with the parental species, producing abnormal egg clutches and tadpoles with malformations. The embryos and tadpoles exhibited intraindividual karyotype variability and all of the metaphases contained abnormal constitutions. Multiple NORs, detected by Ag-impregnation and FISH with an rDNA probe, were observed on chromosome 1 in the three karyotypic forms; and, additionally, on chromosome 9 in the diploids, mostly on chromosome 8 in the tetraploids, and on both chromosome 8 and 9 in the triploids. Nevertheless, NOR-bearing chromosome 9 was detected in the tetraploids, and chromosome 9 carried active or inactive NORs in the triploids. C-banding, base-specific fluorochrome stainings with CMA3 and DAPI, FISH with a telomeric probe, and BrdU incorporation in DNA showed nearly equivalent patterns in the karyotypes of P. distincta, P. tetraploidea, and the triploid hybrids.Conclusions: All the used cytogenetic techniques have provided strong evidence that the process of diploidisation, an essential step for stabilising the selective advantages produced by polyploidisation, is under way in distinct quartets of the tetraploid karyotype. © 2013 Gruber et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Características biológicas de Orius insidiosus alimentado com Aphis gossypii em algodão transgênico e convencional

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

ECLAC Notes Nº 52

Foreign Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean Increased in 2006 Investment and Corporate Strategies of Korea and Portugal in Latin America and the Caribbean Op ed by ECLAC's Executive Secretary, José Luis Machinea: The Challenge of Attracting Quality Foreign Direct Investment Highlights.Towards the 10th Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean Indicators The Risks and Opportunities of Bioenergy Recent titles Calendar of events

Notas de la CEPAL Nº 52

Crecen flujos de inversión extranjera hacia AméricaLatina y el Caribe en 2006 Inversiones y estrategias empresariales de Corea y Portugal en América Latinay el Caribe Columna de opinión del Secretario Ejecutivo de la CEPAL, José Luis Machinea: El desafío de captar inversión extranjera directa de calidad Precisiones.Hacia la Décima ConferenciaRegional sobre la Mujer de América Latina y el Caribe Indicadores Oportunidades y riesgosde la bioenergía Publicaciones recientes y calendario de eventos

Ferimento facial por projétil de arma de fogo: avaliação dos resultados e complicações de 52 pacientes tratados

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

Características reprodutivas da paca fêmea (Agouti paca) criada em cativeiro

O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a biologia reprodutiva da Agouti paca criada em cativeiro. Os resultados demonstraram que, a duração média do ciclo estral foi de 32,5 + 3,7 dias e o período gestacional de 148,6 + 4,8 dias. O intervalo entre partos foi de 224,5 + 52,2 dias e o primeiro cio pós-parto foi de 25,6 + 8,8 dias. A maioria (55,6 %) das fêmeas apresentou dois partos por ano, com o nascimento de um filhote por parto, sendo 44,7 % fêmeas e 55,3 % machos. Ao nascer o peso médio das fêmeas foi de 605,9 + 87,5 g e dos machos 736,7 + 108,4 g (P < 0,05). A puberdade das fêmeas ocorreu entre o 8º e 12º mês, porém neste aspecto são necessárias investigações mais detalhadas.

Copaiba oil effect under different pathways in mice subjected to sepsis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil administered by different routes on survival of mices subjected to cecal ligation and puncture. METHODS: Thirty two mice were distributed into four study groups (N=8): Sham group: normal standard animals; Control group: submitted a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP); Gavage group: submitted a CLP, and treat with copaiba oil by gavage; and Subcutaneous group: submitted a CLP, and treat with copaiba oil by subcutaneous injection. After the death of the histological analysis were performed. The Kaplan-Meier curves of surviving time were realized. RESULTS: All animals that received copaiba, regardless of the route used, survived longer when compared to the control group (p<0.0001), whereas the survival time ranged from 20 hours for the control group up to 32 hours for the animals of gavage group and 52 for subcutaneous group. The animals that received gavage copaiba lived about and about 20 hours unless the subcutaneous group (p=0.0042). There was no statistical difference when compared the intensity of inflammatory response (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Prophylactic subcutaneous administration of copaiba in mice subjected to severe sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture, resulted in a survival time higher than non-use or use of this oil by gavage.