'Localizing the national' - The rediscovery and reshaping of local campaigning in Australia

Pippa Norris provides a schematic account of the evolution of campaigning through premodern, modern and postmodern stages. In particular she points to an emerging postmodern phase of electioneering characterized by a renewed emphasis upon direct forms of engagement which resonate with an earlier period in which campaigns were locally fought and largely dependent upon the canvassing efforts of party workers and volunteers. Norris's analysis offers a useful prism with which to view recent developments in electioneering in Australia. In the past several elections the rival Labor and Liberal parties have attempted to achieve a synergy between their centrally conducted and constituency-level campaigns by ensuring that their national campaigns are locally relevant and address local concerns. Their efforts to 'localize the national' meld the use of sophisticated software with elements of a traditional 'meet and greet' politics and suggest that local campaigning may now have a new shape and importance.

Performance management framework: the fit between PM framework adopted in Portuguese local government and the Otley’s framework

Purpose/objectives: This paper seeks to investigate whether performance management (PM) framework adopted in Portuguese local government (PLG) fit the Otley’s PM framework (1999). In particularly, the research questions are (1) whether PM framework adopted in PLG (SIADAP) fit the Otley´s framework, and (2) how local politicians (aldermen) see the operation of performance management systems (PMS) in PLG (focusing on the goal-setting process and incentive and reward structures). Theoretical positioning/contributions: With this paper we intend to contribute to literature on how the Otley’s PM framework can guide empirical research about the operation of PMS. In particular, the paper contributes to understand the fit between PMS implemented in PLG and the Otley´s PM framework. The analysis of this fit can be a good contribution to understand if PMS are used in PLG as a management tool or as a strategic response to external pressures (based on interviews conducted to aldermen). We believe that the Otley’s PM framework, as well as the extended PM framework presented by Ferreira and Otley (2009), can provide a useful research tool to understand the operation of PMS in PLG. Research method: The first research question is the central issue in this paper and is analyzed based on the main reforms introduced by Portuguese government on PM of public organizations (like municipalities). On the other hand, interviews conducted on three larger Portuguese municipalities (Oporto, Braga, and Matosinhos) show how aldermen see the operation of PMS in PLG, highlighting the goals setting process with targets associated and the existing of incentive and reward structures linked with performance. Findings: Generally we find that formal and regulated PM frameworks in PLG fit the main issues of the Otley’s PM framework. However, regarding the aldermen perceptions about PMS in practice we find a gap between theory and practice, especially regarding difficulties associated with the lack of a culture of goals and targets setting and the lack of incentive and reward structures linked with performance.

Contemporary issues in the government and administration of Latin American megacities

This paper is the first to systematically analyze and compare the structures of city governance and administration for seven major cities in Latin America, four of which are megacities (population of over 10 million), and three others are large national capitals. U.S. and U. K. models of city administration are reviewed as baseline models against which differences in Latin American may be explored. Structures of Government in Latin America show several important features and trends: 1) the lack of metropolitan (cross jurisdictional) authority; 2) the existence of strong mayors and weak councils"; 3) high levels of partisanship; 4) overlapping rather than interlocking bureaucracies; 5) pressures towards the privatization of city services, but continuing tension over the desirability of public versus private control; 6) greater fiscal responsibility and autonomy; and 7), a continuing marginalization of public participation in megacity governance.In spite of these features, many cities throughout the region (regardless of whether they are megacity size or national capitals), are actively intensifying their efforts to develop more effective, accountable and democratic governance structures.

KM and politics at the highest level: an exploratory analysis

This paper analyzes Knowledge Management (KM) as a political activity, made by the great political leaders of the world. We try to inspect if at the macro political level KM is made, and how. The research is interesting because given that we live in a Knowledge society, in the Information Era, it is more or less obvious that the political leaders should also do KM. However we don’t know of any previous study on KM and world leaders and this paper wants to be a first step to fill that gap. As a methodology we use literature review: given this one is a first preliminary study we use data we found in the Internet and other databases like EBSCO. We divide the analysis in two main parts: theoretical ideas first, and an application second. The second part is it self divided in two segments: the past and the present times. We find that rather not surprisingly, KM always was and is pervasive in the activity of the world leaders, and has become more and more diverse has power itself became to be more and more disseminated in the world. The study has the limitation of relying on insights and texts and not on interviews. But we believe it is very interesting to make this kind of analysis and such studies may help improving the democracies in the world.

Comparative morphometry and morphology of Anopheles aconitus Form B and C eggs under scanning electron microscope

Comparative morphometric and morphological studies of eggs under scanning electron microscope (SEM) were undertaken in the three strains of two karyotypic forms of Anopheles aconitus, i.e., Form B (Chiang Mai and Phet Buri strains) and Form C (Chiang Mai and Mae Hong Son strains). Morphometric examination revealed the intraspecific variation with respect to the float width [36.77 ± 2.30 µm (Form C: Chiang Mai strain) = 38.49 ± 2.78 µm (Form B: Chiang Mai strain) = 39.06 ± 2.37 µm (Form B: Phet Buri strain) > 32.40 ± 3.52 µm (Form C: Mae Hong Son strain)] and number of posterior tubercles on deck [2.40 ± 0.52 (Form B: Phet Buri strain) = 2.70 ± 0.82 (Form B: Chiang Mai strain) < 3.10 ± 0.32 (Form C: Chiang Mai strain) = 3.20 ± 0.42 (Form C: Mae Hong Son strain)], whereas the surface topography of eggs among the three strains of two karyotypic forms were morphologically similar.

Comparative clinical and ultrasound study of egg-negative and egg-positive individuals from Schistosoma mansoni low morbidity endemic areas, and hospitalized patients with hepatosplenic disease

Two hundred and twenty three subjects from a Schistosoma mansoni low morbidity endemic area and nine hospitalized hepatosplenic patients were submitted to stool test and clinical examination and abdomen ultrasound assessments. According to stool examination and ultrasound results, they were grouped as follows: G1 - 63 Schistosoma mansoni egg-negative individuals; G2 - 141 egg-positive patients and without evidence of periportal fibrosis; G3 - 19 egg-positive patients with periportal echogenicity (3-6mm); and G4 - 9 hepatosplenic patients with periportal echogenicity (> 6mm). Hepatomegaly detected by physical examination of the abdomen evaluated in the midclavicular line was verified in G1, G2 and G3, respectively, in 11.1, 12.1 and 26.3%. In G1, G2 and G3, periportal thickening occurred only in schistosomal patients (8.5%). Mild pathological alterations in patients that cannot yet be detected by clinical examination were detectable in the liver by ultrasound and can be due to fibrosis. The degree of mild periportal fibrosis was diminished in 57.9% of patients 12 months after treatment of schistosomiasis with oxamniquine. At ultrasonography, the mean liver left lobe measurement of G3 was larger than that of G1, and that of G4 larger than that of G1 and G2. The mean size of the spleen of G4 was significantly larger than that of the other three groups, and that of G3 larger than that of G1 and G2.

Poéticas y políticas de los cuerpos juveniles. Tres estudios en caso en Córdoba. The poetics and politics of youths' bodies.Three cases studies.

¿Qué formas adquieren los cuerpos de los jóvenes bajo las actuales condiciones de producción? ¿Cuáles son sus poéticas? ¿Qué relaciones de fuerza se realizan en estas formas? ¿Cómo se inscriben en los cuerpos las relaciones de dominación, el "ethos" y la cosmovisión de un grupo social? Estas son algunas de las cuestiones que orientan el presente proyecto, interesado en explorar y describir sistemáticamente los procesos sociales del devenir "joven" en Córdoba. La investigación aborda algunas de las problemáticas propias de los jóvenes en tanto grupo social heterogéneo y diferenciado a partir del análisis de las prácticas de producción, consumo, interpretación y circulación de bienes culturales asociados con la diversión y el tiempo libre. Los tres objetos empíricos, localizados en la ciudad de Córdoba, son:o las salidas nocturnas de jóvenes estudiantes universitarios o la formación y el entrenamiento de los bailarines clásicos en el Teatro del Libertador Gral. San Martín. o las prácticas de entretenimiento y socialización lúdica entre los jóvenes de la comunidad de sordos de Córdoba.La hipótesis central de la investigación sostiene que la música y el baile tienen la capacidad de producir las identidades que nombran. Esta producción de cuerpos y subjetividades se realizaría en las performances sociales ("las salidas nocturnas" y "fiestas de la comunidad sorda") y las performances artísticas (clases, ensayos y funciones de ballet) donde se da la interacción entre las identidades actuadas por los sujetos y las ofrecidas por las diferentes músicas, bailes y movimientos corporales. En este sentido, proponemos que las performances articulan una particular identidad cuando quienes la protagonizan experimentan que la música y el baile se "ajusta" a la trama argumental que organiza sus narrativas identitarias.ObjetivosGENERAL:o Describir, de modo denso, las prácticas y representaciones implicadas en el proceso de materialización de los cuerpos y relacionarlas con los procesos de subjetivación y formación de identidades juveniles. ESPECÍFICOS.o Explorar la relación entre las diversas formas de consumo cultural en la formación de un estilo de vida y en la formación de identidades colectivas. o Describir los procesos de entrenamiento de los bailarines de música clásica.o Analizar los procesos de comunicación no verbal entre jóvenes de la comunidad sorda.Materiales y métodos.Para realizar esta investigación se construirá por medio de técnicas cuali y cuantitativas un corpus heterogéneo de materiales textuales, gráficos y audiovisuales, así como de entrevistas en profundidad, de experiencias etnográficas de observación participante y de investigación cuantitativa. Dicho corpus recibirá un tratamiento diferencial según el soporte y género, pero en todos los casos trabajando desde una matriz de análisis que considere los procesos de construcción de sentido y las relaciones entre cuerpo, subjetividad e identidad. En el análisis de los datos se pondrán en juego herramientas conceptuales tomadas de la Antropología Simbólica, la Antropología de la Danza, el Análisis del Discurso, la Sociología del Arte y los Estudios de la Performance. Resultados esperados.Se espera elaborar indicadores para medir la producción, circulación y consumo de bienes simbólicos. El desenvolvimiento del proyecto permitirá también la formación de recursos humanos en investigación y se contempla presentaciones a reuniones científicas, publicación en revistas nacionales e internacionales y la elaboración de dos libros. Por último se implementarán actividades de capacitación y asesoramiento para instituciones relacionados con los jóvenes. Importancia del ProyectoLos resultados de la investigación permitirán una interpretación más comprehensiva de los sentidos que poseen para jóvenes cordobeses problemáticas sociales como las adicciones, el alcoholismo, la salud sexual y reproductiva, las prácticas discriminatorias o los usos de las nuevas tecnologías.

The anatomy, physiology, morphology and development of the blow-fly (Calliphora erythrocephala) A study in the comparative anatomy and morphology of insects; with plates and illustrations executed directly from the drawings of the author; by B. Thompson Lowne.

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