Tudor.

Se describe la Inglaterra gobernada por la dinastía Tudor entre 1485 y 1603 desde distintos aspectos: sociales, demográficos, económicos, artísticos, de la vida cotidiana. También se resaltan acontecimientos y personajes de la época como los reinados de Enrique VIII y de sus hijas María e Isabel I, las luchas religiosas entre católicos y protestantes, la ruptura con la Iglesia de Roma y los enfrentamientos con Felipe II de España.

Medio Millón de alumnos de Enseñanza media y unos 65.000 universitarios.

Se transcribe el discurso pronunciado por el Ministro de Educación Nacional, Sr. D. Jesús Rubio García Mina, durante la apertura del curso 1960-1961, celebrada en la Universidad de Valencia. Algunos de los temas más destacados de este discurso son: la situación surgida debido al aumento del alumnado; consecuencias debido a la elevación del nivel científico de los profesores; y la necesidad de adecuar los medios al desarrollo de la Universidad y su coordinación con las nuevas estructuras sociales.

El empleo visible de las mujeres en la región de Murcia : un análisis sociológico.

Reconstruir la historia laboral de las mujeres ocupadas en la Región de Murcia. Hipótesis: la situación asimétrica actual, en el terreno sociolaboral de las trabajadoras de la Región, en relación a los varones, tiene un origen histórico, basado en las condiciones que la sociedad asignaba a las mujeres. Muestreo estratificado y por conglomerados poliet pico. Tamaño de la muestra: 400 trabajadoras de una población de 53.167 mujeres ocupadas en empresas de la región. Análisis de los datos secundarios para mostrar el contexto, tomando como referencia el proceso verificado en el conjunto del país. Estudio empírico regional y conclusiones. Encuesta, paquetes estadísticos SYSTAT y SYNTAX; programa EXCEL. Chi cuadrado y análisis factorial de correspondencias. 1. La voluntad mayoritaria de las trabajadoras de la Región de Murcia es la de permanecer activas (91 por ciento) y de continuar en el futuro trabajando o estudiando (86 por ciento); frente a éstas, una minoría expresa el deseo de abandonar el trabajo por motivos asociados a los roles femeninos (13 por ciento); 2. La motivación para trabajar se basa, en primer lugar, en la necesidad económica (60 por ciento) y en la realización personal (34 por ciento). Esta última razón pesa más en las generaciones que alcanzaron mayor nivel educativo. El aumento del nivel educativo se ha convertido en el camino, a través del cual, las mujeres de la región y también del país, han transformado y consolidado su integración laboral. Se ha producido un desfase considerable entre el sistema educativo, relativamente igualitario para las mujeres y una estructura ocupacional femenina estrictamente desigual.

El Madrid del 98 : arquitectura para una crisis : 1874-1918.

Este trabajo recoge en una primera parte, un estudio sobre el paso del clasicismo a las vanguardias en la arquitectura de 1874 a 1918, donde se trata de enmarcar la Arquitectura de Madrid entre estos dos siglos. En una segunda parte, se incluye una guía de arquitectura de esos años, donde se describen 86 edificios. Se clasifican por afinidades o estilos artísticos y se distrubuyen en capítulos que conforman corrientes como el Medievalismo, el Eclecticismo, el Modernismo, la Arquitectura del Hierro, Estilos nacionales y regionales (neomudejar, neoplateresco, neobarroco, y regionalismos), la singularidad de Antonio Palacios y Hacia un racionalismo constructivo. Cada capítulo se acompaña de un breve comentario, sobre sus caractrísticas estilísticas y un plano para localizar los edificios. A cada obra le corresponde una ficha con el nombre del edificio; número de orden para localizarlo en el plano; corriente estilística a la que pertenece; autor y fechas de costrucción; fotografía actual; y descripción de las características formales de las obras. Por último, se incluyen índices de edificios, onomástico de los arquitectos-autores, de calles y una bibliografía general.

Vida i obra de Fra Bernat Hug de Rocabertí

Fra Bernat Hug de Rocabertí (c.1420-1485) was a prominent member of the Order of the Hospital in the Crown of Aragon in which to attain the dignity of Castilian of Amposta, the most important dignity in the Crown. This work is a historical biography of him, since he entered into the Order by the hand of his brotherin- law, fra Joan de Vilagut, until he became a confidant of King Joan II and his side took part in Catalan Civil War in the fifteenth century. In parallel, Rocabertí also devoted himself to poetry and wrote at least two pieces, the Estrampa, so far unpublished, here this work is published critically, and La glòria d’amor, a long narrative poem, which is a study of possible chronology. Moreover, also studied other people linked to Bernat Hug, like his brothers, authors of some interesting battle letters, also published for the first time, or their brothers-inlaw, among them Joan de Vilagut, also a poet, and Guillem Tinter, who had a poetic Exchange with Vilagut. The whole work is accompanied by transcription of an interesting collection of documents.

A Relação da Dislexia, Insucesso Escolar e Educação Especial : acção de formação

A leitura e a escrita é, de uma maneira geral, para alunos com dificuldades de aprendizagem, qualquer coisa, que custa a aprender, que se realiza lentamente e que pode desencadear alguns problemas. Para uma grande parte das crianças, o acto de escrever, é uma tarefa difícil, pouco gratificante e também, pouco aliciante. Por isso, é necessário intervir nesta área, com bastante paciência, dedicação, persistência e muito trabalho. Por vezes, há crianças que têm grandes dificuldades em ler e escrever, sem uma razão aparente, e que precisam muitas vezes, de uma mão amiga e compreensiva para as compreender, e ajudar. Daí, que muitas vezes, é o professor a única pessoa com quem a criança disléxica pode contar. As crianças disléxicas são crianças que têm problemas de linguagem que se vão reflectir na leitura e na escrita, apesar de terem um QI normal e não apresentarem problemas físicos, nem psicológicos que possam explicar estas dificuldades. "A dislexia é uma dificuldade específica e durável da aprendizagem da leitura e de escrita, em que não houve a aquisição do seu automatismo, é experimentada por crianças normalmente inteligentes, normalmente escolarizadas e indemes de perturbações sensoriais."

Subjective versus objective measures of daily listening environments

This study examined hearing impaired listeners’ subjective perceptions of listening environments through a listening questionnaire and compared these results to objective measures mimicked by the questionnaire in the datalogging device SAM (Sound Activity Meter). Results indicate audiologists should not rely on patient reports of “typical” listening environments for hearing aid selection as significant discrepancies were present between several of the subjective and objective measures.

La novela de la generación del 50: entre el bildungsroman y el desencanto (Dossier: Narradores ecuatorianos de la década de 1950)

Tres novelas ecuatorianas escritas entre 1927 y 1946 –El desencanto de Miguel García, de Benjamín Carrión, Banca, de Ángel F. Rojas, y Los animales puros, de Pedro Jorge Vera– son leídas a partir de las coordenadas de inicio y de cultivo ulterior de la novela de formación (Bildungsroman) en Latinoamérica –a finales del siglo XIX e inicios del XX. El ensayo destaca, al mismo tiempo, varias diferencias respecto del género originario, surgido en Alemania un siglo antes, en Latinoamérica la novela de formación sería más una «contraescritura del paradigma goethiano», con elementos de un «género paradójico». En este contexto de la subregión, El desencanto de Miguel García se corresponde enteramente con las características del género, al cual incorpora la perspectiva de un final feliz. Banca es mirada como una «novela de formación de lo rural andino», más cercana a Los ríos profundos, de José María Arguedas, junto a ella, y antecediéndola en 20 años, aportaría ya una renovación de lo regional, adicionalmente, Banca puede ser leída como novela de artista, subgénero de la novela de formación. En cuanto a Los animales puros, se concluye que es más novela política que Bildungsroman, puesto que no cumple las premisas necesarias de la misma, no es novela de artista, aunque se trate de una novela intelectualizada.

Large snowfall events in the south-eastern Alps

Decadal Prediction. Can It Be Skillful?

A new field of study, “decadal prediction,” is emerging in climate science. Decadal prediction lies between seasonal/interannual forecasting and longer-term climate change projections, and focuses on time-evolving regional climate conditions over the next 10–30 yr. Numerous assessments of climate information user needs have identified this time scale as being important to infrastructure planners, water resource managers, and many others. It is central to the information portfolio required to adapt effectively to and through climatic changes. At least three factors influence time-evolving regional climate at the decadal time scale: 1) climate change commitment (further warming as the coupled climate system comes into adjustment with increases of greenhouse gases that have already occurred), 2) external forcing, particularly from future increases of greenhouse gases and recovery of the ozone hole, and 3) internally generated variability. Some decadal prediction skill has been demonstrated to arise from the first two of these factors, and there is evidence that initialized coupled climate models can capture mechanisms of internally generated decadal climate variations, thus increasing predictive skill globally and particularly regionally. Several methods have been proposed for initializing global coupled climate models for decadal predictions, all of which involve global time-evolving three-dimensional ocean data, including temperature and salinity. An experimental framework to address decadal predictability/prediction is described in this paper and has been incorporated into the coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Model, phase 5 (CMIP5) experiments, some of which will be assessed for the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). These experiments will likely guide work in this emerging field over the next 5 yr.

Response of the lower St. Lawrence Estuary to external forcing in winter

Mostly because of a lack of observations, fundamental aspects of the St. Lawrence Estuary's wintertime response to forcing remain poorly understood. The results of a field campaign over the winter of 2002/03 in the estuary are presented. The response of the system to tidal forcing is assessed through the use of harmonic analyses of temperature, salinity, sea level, and current observations. The analyses confirm previous evidence for the presence of semidiurnal internal tides, albeit at greater depths than previously observed for ice-free months. The low-frequency tidal streams were found to be mostly baroclinic in character and to produce an important neap tide intensification of the estuarine circulation. Despite stronger atmospheric momentum forcing in winter, the response is found to be less coherent with the winds than seen in previous studies of ice-free months. The tidal residuals show the cold intermediate layer in the estuary is renewed rapidly ( 14 days) in late March by the advection of a wedge of near-freezing waters from the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In situ processes appeared to play a lesser role in the renewal of this layer. In particular, significant wintertime deepening of the estuarine surface mixed layer was prevented by surface stability, which remained high throughout the winter. The observations also suggest that the bottom circulation was intensified during winter, with the intrusion in the deep layer of relatively warm Atlantic waters, such that the 3 C isotherm rose from below 150 m to near 60 m.

Coriolis perturbations in the infrared spectrum of diborane

High‐resolution infrared spectra of B2H6 vapor are reported. The sample was prepared from the naturally occurring 11B☒10B isotopic mixture. The rotational structure of the infrared bands has been analysed for Coriolis perturbations due to rotation about the axis of least moment of inertia (the B⋅⋅⋅B axis). The following results have been obtained: (a) interaction between the Type A fundamental ν18 and the inactive fundamental ν5 has been observed, thus confirming the assignment of ν5 at 833 cm—1, giving ∣ ζ5,18Z ∣=0.55±0.05; (b) interaction observed between the Type A combination band (ν10+ν12) at 1283 cm—1 and the inactive combination (ν10+ν7) gives an estimate of the unobserved fundamental ν7 as 850±30 cm—1, and an estimate of ∣ ζ7,12Z ∣=0.6±0.1; (c) the absence of any observed perturbation of the Type C fundamental ν14 at 973 cm—1, suggests, by negative arguments, that either the unobserved fundamental ν9 does not lie in the frequency range 900 to 1100 cm—1, or ∣ ζ9,14Z ∣<0.2. The assignment of the unobserved fundamental vibrations of diborane is discussed in the light of this evidence.

Stereo and motion parallax cues in human 3D vision: can they vanish without a trace?

In an immersive virtual reality environment, subjects fail to notice when a scene expands or contracts around them, despite correct and consistent information from binocular stereopsis and motion parallax, resulting in gross failures of size constancy (A. Glennerster, L. Tcheang, S. J. Gilson, A. W. Fitzgibbon, & A. J. Parker, 2006). We determined whether the integration of stereopsis/motion parallax cues with texture-based cues could be modified through feedback. Subjects compared the size of two objects, each visible when the room was of a different size. As the subject walked, the room expanded or contracted, although subjects failed to notice any change. Subjects were given feedback about the accuracy of their size judgments, where the “correct” size setting was defined either by texture-based cues or (in a separate experiment) by stereo/motion parallax cues. Because of feedback, observers were able to adjust responses such that fewer errors were made. For texture-based feedback, the pattern of responses was consistent with observers weighting texture cues more heavily. However, for stereo/motion parallax feedback, performance in many conditions became worse such that, paradoxically, biases moved away from the point reinforced by the feedback. This can be explained by assuming that subjects remap the relationship between stereo/motion parallax cues and perceived size or that they develop strategies to change their criterion for a size match on different trials. In either case, subjects appear not to have direct access to stereo/motion parallax cues.

On the recursive sequence Xn = axn-1+bxn-2/c+dxn-1xn-2

In this Paper, we study the invariant intervals, the global attractivity of the equilibrium points, and the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of the difference equation x(n) = ax(n-1) + bx(n-2) / c + dx(n-1)x(n-2), n =1, 2, ..., where a greater than or equal to 0, b, c, d > 0. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Sample preparation: a crucial factor for the analytical performance of rationally designed MALDI matrices

Evidence is presented that the performance of the rationally designed MALDI matrix 4-chloro-α-cyanocinnamic acid (ClCCA) in comparison to its well-established predecessor α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) is significantly dependent on the sample preparation, such as the choice of the target plate. In this context, it becomes clear that any rational designs of MALDI matrices and their successful employment have to consider a larger set of physicochemical parameters, including sample crystallization and morphology/topology, in addition to parameters of basic (solution and/or gas-phase) chemistry.