Calcium concentrations and isotopic composition in carbonates and porefluids from ODP Hole 130-807A

The calcium isotopic compositions (d44Ca) of 30 high-purity nannofossil ooze and chalk and 7 pore fluid samples from ODP Site 807A (Ontong Java Plateau) are used in conjunction with numerical models to determine the equilibrium calcium isotope fractionation factor (a_s-f) between calcite and dissolved Ca2+ and the rates of post-depositional recrystallization in deep sea carbonate ooze. The value of a_s-f at equilibrium in the marine sedimentary section is 1.0000+/-0.0001, which is significantly different from the value (0.9987+/-0.0002) found in laboratory experiments of calcite precipitation and in the formation of biogenic calcite in the surface ocean. We hypothesize that this fractionation factor is relevant to calcite precipitation in any system at equilibrium and that this equilibrium fractionation factor has implications for the mechanisms responsible for Ca isotope fractionation during calcite precipitation. We describe a steady state model that offers a unified framework for explaining Ca isotope fractionation across the observed precipitation rate range of ~14 orders of magnitude. The model attributes Ca isotope fractionation to the relative balance between the attachment and detachment fluxes at the calcite crystal surface. This model represents our hypothesis for the mechanism responsible for isotope fractionation during calcite precipitation. The Ca isotope data provide evidence that the bulk rate of calcite recrystallization in freshly-deposited carbonate ooze is 30-40%/Myr, and decreases with age to about 2%/Myr in 2-3 million year old sediment. The recrystallization rates determined from Ca isotopes for Pleistocene sediments are higher than those previously inferred from pore fluid Sr concentration and are consistent with rates derived for Late Pleistocene siliciclastic sediments using uranium isotopes. Combining our results for the equilibrium fractionation factor and recrystallization rates, we evaluate the effect of diagenesis on the Ca isotopic composition of marine carbonates at Site 807A. Since calcite precipitation rates in the sedimentary column are many orders of magnitude slower than laboratory experiments and the pore fluids are only slightly oversaturated with respect to calcite, the isotopic composition of diagenetic calcite is likely to reflect equilibrium precipitation. Accordingly, diagenesis produces a maximum shift in d44Ca of +0.15? for Site 807A sediments but will have a larger impact where sedimentation rates are low, seawater circulates through the sediment pile, or there are prolonged depositional hiatuses.

De Amézola, Gonzalo, Esquizohistoria, La Historia que se enseña en la escuela, la que preocupa a los historiadores y una renovación posible de la historia escolar. Buenos Aires, Libros del Zorzal, 2008, 130 p.

Fil: Rodríguez, Laura Graciela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Sediment composition of ODP Hole 130-803D

Samples obtained in Hole 803D for shipboard determination of index properties were analyzed to determine their microfossil constituents. The resulting data are compared to shipboard-measured physical properties data to assess the relationships between small-scale fluctuations in physical properties and microfossil content and preservation. The establishment of relationships involving index properties of these highly calcareous sediments is difficult because of the role of intraparticle porosity. Relationships were observed between calculated interparticle porosity and microfossil content. Impedance, calculated using bulk density based on interparticle porosity, exhibits an increase with increasing grain size. Variations in the coarse fraction constituents appear to exert more control over physical properties than variations in the fine-fraction constituents, although the fine fraction make up greater than 85% of the samples by weight.

Carbonate and bulk grain-size record for ODP Leg 130 holes

A major goal of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 130 was to drill four sites down the northeastern flank of the Ontong Java Plateau to collect a series of continuous sedimentary sequences that would provide a depth transect of Neogene sediments. In particular, the study of the sediments recovered along the depth transect is expected to yield high-resolution stratigraphic, geochemical, and physical properties records across intervals of major paleoceanographic changes by evaluating variations of primary sedimentological and paleoceanographic indicators (e.g., carbonates, isotopes, grain size, microfossil assemblages, etc.). This data report presents the results of highresolution (3-5 Ka sample intervals) analyses of carbonate concentration and bulk sediment grain size at Sites 803-806 for the time interval from 2 Ma to the present.

De Amézola, Gonzalo, Esquizohistoria, La Historia que se enseña en la escuela, la que preocupa a los historiadores y una renovación posible de la historia escolar. Buenos Aires, Libros del Zorzal, 2008, 130 p.

Fil: Rodríguez, Laura Graciela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Strontium and neodymium concentrations and isotope compositions in fossil fish teeth and pore waters at ODP Sites 130-807 and 125-786

We analyzed Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of Neogene fossil fish teeth from two sites in the Pacific in order to determine the effect of cleaning protocols and burial diagenesis on the preservation of seawater isotopic values. Sr is incorporated into the teeth at the time of growth; thus Sr isotopes are potentially valuable for chemostratigraphy. Nd isotopes are potential conservative tracers of paleocirculation; however, Nd is incorporated post-mortem, and may record diagenetic pore waters rather than seawater. We evaluated samples from two sites (Site 807A, Ontong Java Plateau and Site 786A, Izu-Bonin Arc) that were exposed to similar bottom waters, but have distinct lithologies and pore water chemistries. The Sr isotopic values of the fish teeth appear to accurately reflect contemporaneous seawater at both sites. The excellent correlation between the Nd isotopic values of teeth from the two sites suggests that the Nd is incorporated while the teeth are in chemical equilibrium with seawater, and that the signal is preserved over geologic timescales and subsequent burial. These data also corroborate paleoseawater Nd isotopic compositions derived from Pacific ferromanganese crusts that were recovered from similar water depths (Ling et al., 1997; doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00224-5). This corroboration strongly suggests that both materials preserve seawater Nd isotope values. Variations in Pacific deepwater e-Nd values are consistent with predictions for the shoaling of the Isthmus of Panama and the subsequent initiation of nonradiogenic North Atlantic Deep Water that entered the Pacific via the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.