高寒草甸土壤有机碳储量和CO2通量

选择青藏高原东北隅海北站区的4种高寒草甸土壤进行高分辨率采样，测定土壤有机碳及其^14C信号；应用^14C示踪技术探讨高寒草甸土壤有机碳更新周期和CO2通量．研究得出海北站高寒草甸生态系统土壤有机碳储量在22．12×10^4～30．75×10^4kgC•hm^-2之间，平均为26．86×10^4kgC•hm^2．高寒草甸土壤有机碳的更新周期从表层的45～73a随深度增加到数百年甚至数千年或更长．高寒草甸生态系统土壤呼吸的CO2通量变化于103．24—254．93gC•m^-2•a^-1之间，平均为191．23gC•m^-2•a^-1．土壤有机质分解产生的CO2通量变化于73．3～181gC•m^-2•a^-1之间．矮嵩草草甸土壤30％以上的有机碳贮存在土壤表层（0～10cm）的活动碳库中，土壤有机质更新产生的CO2占整个剖面有机质更新产生的CO2通量的72．8％～81．23％．响应于全球变暖，青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统土壤有机碳的储量、流量、归宿变化等问题有待进一步研究．

Isolation and characterization of a novel variant of HMW glutenin subunit gene from the St genome of Pseudoroegneria stipifolia

The x- and y-type high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits are conserved seed storage proteins in wheat and related species. Here we describe investigations on the HMW glutenin subunits from several Pseudoroegneria accessions. The electrophoretic mobilities of the HMW glutenin subunits from Pd. stipifolia, Pd tauri and Pd strigosa were much faster than those of orthologous wheat subunits, indicating that their protein size may be smaller than that of wheat subunits. The coding sequence of the Glu-1St1 subunit (encoded by the Pseudoroegneria stipifolia accession PI325181) was isolated, and found to represent the native open reading frame (ORF) by in vitro expression. The deduced amino acid sequence of Glu-1St1 matched with that determined from the native subunit by mass spectrometric analysis. The domain organization in Glu-1St1 showed high similarity with that of typical HMW glutenin subunits. However, Glu-1St1 exhibited several distinct characteristics. First, the length of its repetitive domain was substantially smaller than that of conventional subunits, which explains its much faster electrophoretic mobility in SDS-PAGE. Second, although the N-terminal domain of Glu-1St1 resembled that of y-type subunit, its C-terminal domain was more similar to that of x-type subunit. Third, the N- and C-terminat domains of Glu-1St1 shared conserved features with those of barley D-hordein, but the repeat motifs and the organization of its repetitive domain were more similar to those of HMW glutenin subunits than to D-hordein. We conclude that Glu-1St1 is a novel variant of HMW glutenin subunits. The analysis of Glu-1St1 may provide new insight into the evolution of HMW glutenin subunits in Triticeae species. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

南堡油田测试资料综合评价及试油配套工艺技术研究与应用

A series of significant oil-gas exploration progresses have been achieved in Nanpu depression with 1.02 billion ton oil-gas reserves have been proven. It has been confirmed that Nanpu beach has a geologic condition to be a major field based on exhaustive research. This finding, which is integrated reservoir，great reserves, thick oil layer and high productivity in Nanpu depression, is the most excited success in Chinese oil-gas exploration in recent years. This abundant oilfield found is significant to the strategy of oil production stability in the east of China. Nanpu depression exploration is also a crucial exploration project for Petrochina. Based on the comprehensive research on Nanpu formation testing data, we reevaluate and analyze the reservoir property and the structure characteristics, and propose a series of testing technique that are suitable for Jidong oil field development. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The reservoir parameters and characters are defined by formation test data interpretation and systemic dynamic-static data comparison. 2. Based on sources analysis and statistical research related to formation contaminants, some technique measures, which can not only prevent or reduce invasion damage for different formations but also can effectively improve completion efficiency, are proposed. 3. By selecting the testing pressure drawdown, optimum working regulation and flow /shut-in duration, and adopting dynamic-static flow parameters correlation analysis to predict production, an optimum research on working regulation and flow /shut-in duration was accomplished. Optimization formation test principles suitable for any kinds of Nanpu oilfield are established, which can improve test quality, construction efficiency and data recording quality. 4. By reasonable selection of perforating gun and penetrating charge, the perforation penetration has been improved effectively and the flow channel of the oil gas have been expanded, so that the communication between formations and the wellbore is improved better. 5. One joint working procedure which combining formation test, perforation, unloading and stimulation treatment has become the dominant testing technology in the Nanpu offshore Oilfield. This combination technique can implement several procedures using one pipe string, and achieve rapid testing purpose.

内蒙古孟恩陶勒盖银铅锌铟矿床的微量元素地球化学

孟恩陶勒盖银铅锌铟多金属矿床位于内蒙古东部，是产于海西期酸性岩浆岩体内部的热液脉状矿床，40多个矿体分布于东西长6km、南北宽200～1000m的范围内，成矿温度西高东低。矿床有用组分以Pb、Zn为主，伴生有Ag、Sn、In和Ga，其中Ag 1800t，Sn2000多t，In 400多t，Ga 100多t，构成一个典型的多金属矿床。一部分Ag以银矿物形式存在，另一部分Ag存在于方铅矿和闪锌矿中。除锡石和黄锡矿外，方铅矿也含有较高的锡。In和Ga主要存在于闪锌矿中。矿石中w(Ag)=82×10^-6～516×10^-6，w(Cd)=94×10^-6～1430×10^-6，w(In)=12×10^-6～295×10^-6，w(Ga)=3×10^-6～82×10^-6；方铅矿中w(Ag)=1580×10^-6～4995×10^-6，w(Sn)=735×10^-6～2785×10^-6，In和Ga很低；闪锌矿中w(Ag)=280×10^-6～2030×10^-6，w(Cd)=0．18％～0．44％，w(In)=85×10^-6～2660×10^-6，w(Ga)=11×10^-6～155×10^-6。从西向东，Sn和In含量降低，Ag和Ga含量增高。这一变化与成矿温度由西向东的降低一致。

Parallel Computation of Vernier Offsets, Curvature and Chevrons in Humans

A vernier offset is detected at once among straight lines, and reaction times are almost independent of the number of simultaneously presented stimuli (distractors), indicating parallel processing of vernier offsets. Reaction times for identifying a vernier offset to one side among verniers offset to the opposite side increase with the number of distractors, indicating serial processing. Even deviations below a photoreceptor diameter can be detected at once. The visual system thus attains positional accuracy below the photoreceptor diameter simultaneously at different positions. I conclude that deviation from straightness, or change of orientation, is detected in parallel over the visual field. Discontinuities or gradients in orientation may represent an elementary feature of vision.

Levantamento de reconhecimento de baixa intensidade dos solos e aptidao agricola das terras de parte da Regiao Geoeconomica de Brasilia.

O levantamento visou atender o CPAC que em convenio com a SUDECO se propos a estudar os recursos naturais da area Programa Especial da Regiao Geoeconomica de Brasilia, de maneira que sirvam de suporte para indicacao de sistemas alternativos de producao agropecuaria condizente com o potencial de uso das terras. O SNLCS se propos a executar o mapeamento de solos e a avaliacao da aptidao agricola das terras, a nivel de reconhecimento de baixa intensidade de uma area prioritaria indicada pelo CPAC de aproximadamente 68.000km2. Este estudo propiciou o conhecimento da potencialidade da area e a obtencao de indicadores seguros e economicos para a escolha de locais apropriados a merecerem maiores atencoes e recursos. A metodologia empregada foi basicamente a utilizadapelo SNLCS. Utilizou-se como material basico de mapeamento, imagens de radar na escla 1:250.000, plantas alti-planimetricas 1:100.000 e 1:250.000. A escala final dos mapas e de 1:500.000. Foram mapeados os seguintes solos : Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro, Latossolo Roxo, Latossolo Petroplintico, Podzolico Vermelho-Amarelo, Podzolico Vermelho-Escuro, Cambissolo, Plintossolo, Podzol, Solos Aluviais, Solos Hidromorficos e Solos Litolicos. Quando necessario, foram subdivididos de acordo com a saturacao de bases, tipo de horizonte A, textura, ocorrencia de cascalhos e calhaus, drenagem e fasados de acordo com o relevo e vegetacao. A interpretacao da aptidao agricola das terras indicou que aproximadamente 36% das terras pertencem a classe ...

Ruolo e limiti del contratto negli assetti familiari in funzione successoria

The Article 457 c.c. expressly excludes the contract by the sources of the succession. Moreover, the article 458 c.c., apart from the initial brief aside dedicated to the institute of the family pact, agrees nullity of the agreements with whom someone decides its own succession as well as those with which the future successor could decide about his rights or renounce to them about a succession not yet open. However, for a long time, the Italian doctrine wonders about the role of the contract within the succession law. It feels, in fact, the need to expand the private autonomy within the inheritance that is excessively sacrificed by the prohibition of succession agreements and by the norms for the protection of legitimate heirs. The reasons which led the legal science to these conclusions are based on different events, both social and economic, that push the interpreter to a modernization of dogmatic categories with which he can represent the succession mortis causa. In addiction, it is necessary to underline the crisis of the agreements mortis causa due to this economical and social events: as a matter of fact, the will, as the only way to give the assets post mortem, revealed itself incomplete and extremely severe compared to the new social needs. In fact, increasingly the way to give the assets happens out of the inheritance and despite to the institutions designed by the law. For these reasons, in order to adapt the system of succession to modern economic and social needs, the doctrine has identified, within the system, institutions of a contractual nature in order to better achieve the interests of private, obviating the limits assigned to the shop last will. And recently, in this context, our legislator has introduced the institution of the family pact (art. 768 bis et seq. c.c.), that is the agreement through “the entrepreneur transfers, in whole or in part , the company, and the holder of equity investments transfers, in whole or in part, its shares, to one or more descendants". While, however, part of the doctrine encourages the provision of tools that enable a person to have in advance of his succession, on the other hand there are those who promote the centrality of the will within our legal system and calls for the revitalization in respect of its vast potential is not always adequately exploited. This research aims to verify whether the contract can find importance within the phenomenon of succession for the inter vivos transfer of family assets and if the same has the characteristics to be considered a working alternative to the will. In the present work will be analyzed, in addition, some of the institutions that the doctrine has considered alternatives to the will and particularly the institution of the family pact. The survey will also be directed to the limits that the private autonomy and the legislator met in the use of the contractual instrument, limits that are mostly originated by the rules and principles of the law of succession.

Occupational lead neurotoxicity: Improvement in behavioural effects after reduction of exposure.

To evaluate critical exposure levels and the reversibility of lead neurotoxicity a group of lead exposed foundry workers and an unexposed reference population were followed up for three years. During this period, tests designed to monitor neurobehavioural function and lead dose were administered. Evaluations of 160 workers during the first year showed dose dependent decrements in mood, visual/motor performance, memory, and verbal concept formation. Subsequently, an improvement in the hygienic conditions at the plant resulted in striking reductions in blood lead concentrations over the following two years. Attendant improvement in indices of tension (20% reduction), anger (18%), depression (26%), fatigue (27%), and confusion (13%) was observed. Performance on neurobehavioural testing generally correlated best with integrated dose estimates derived from blood lead concentrations measured periodically over the study period; zinc protoporphyrin levels were less well correlated with function. This investigation confirms the importance of compliance with workplace standards designed to lower exposures to ensure that individual blood lead concentrations remain below 50 micrograms/dl.

Computer vision tools for the non-invasive assessment of autism-related behavioral markers

The early detection of developmental disorders is key to child outcome, allowing interventions to be initiated that promote development and improve prognosis. Research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests behavioral markers can be observed late in the first year of life. Many of these studies involved extensive frame-by-frame video observation and analysis of a child's natural behavior. Although non-intrusive, these methods are extremely time-intensive and require a high level of observer training; thus, they are impractical for clinical and large population research purposes. Diagnostic measures for ASD are available for infants but are only accurate when used by specialists experienced in early diagnosis. This work is a first milestone in a long-term multidisciplinary project that aims at helping clinicians and general practitioners accomplish this early detection/measurement task automatically. We focus on providing computer vision tools to measure and identify ASD behavioral markers based on components of the Autism Observation Scale for Infants (AOSI). In particular, we develop algorithms to measure three critical AOSI activities that assess visual attention. We augment these AOSI activities with an additional test that analyzes asymmetrical patterns in unsupported gait. The first set of algorithms involves assessing head motion by tracking facial features, while the gait analysis relies on joint foreground segmentation and 2D body pose estimation in video. We show results that provide insightful knowledge to augment the clinician's behavioral observations obtained from real in-clinic assessments.

Androgenic 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of expressed rat type I 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 isomerase

Transient expression in nonsteroidogenic mammalian cells of the rat wild type I and type II 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4-isomerase (3β- HSD) cDNAs shows that the encoded proteins, in addition to being able to catalyze the oxidation and isomerization of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid precursors into the corresponding Δ4-3-ketosteroids, interconvert 5α- dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol (3β-diol). When homogenate from cells transfected with a plasmid vector containing type I 3β-HSD is incubated in the presence of DHT using NAD+ as cofactor, a somewhat unexpected metabolite is formed, namely 5α-androstanedione (A- dione), thus indicating an intrinsic androgenic 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) activity of this 3β-HSD isoform. Although the relative Vmax of 17β-HSD activity is 14.9-fold lower than that of 3β-HSD activity, the Km value for the 17β-HSD activity of type I 3β-HSD is 7.97 μM, a value which is in the same range as the conversion of DHT into 3β- diol which shows a Km value of 4.02 μM. Interestingly, this 17β-HSD activity is highly predominant in unbroken cells in culture, thus supporting the physiological relevance of this 'secondary' activity. Such 17β-HSD activity is inhibited by the classical substrates of 3β-HSD, namely pregnenolone (PREG), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Δ5-androstene-3β,17β- diol (Δ5-diol), 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol (3β-diol) and DHT, with IC50 values of 2.7, 1.0, 3.2, 6.2, and 6.3 μM, respectively. Although dual enzymatic activities have been previously reported for purified preparations of other steroidogenic enzymes, the present data demonstrate the multifunctional enzymatic activities associated with a recombinant oxidoreductase enzyme. In addition to its well known 3β-HSD activity, this enzyme possesses the ability to catalyze DHT into A-dione thus potentially controlling the level of the active androgen DHT in classical steroidogenic as well as peripheral intracrine tissues.

On Hamilton cycles in locally connected graphs with vertex degree constraints

It is shown that every connected, locally connected graph with the maximum vertex degree Δ(G)=5 and the minimum vertex degree δ(G)3 is fully cycle extendable. For Δ(G)4, all connected, locally connected graphs, including infinite ones, are explicitly described. The Hamilton Cycle problem for locally connected graphs with Δ(G)7 is shown to be NP-complete