Mechanical behaviour of strain aged dual phase steels

Dual phase steels, characterised by good formability and excellent surface finish, are suitable for applications where processing involves cold deformation. In this context an investigation has been conducted into the cold deformation aging susceptibility of carbon steel API-5L-B and microalloyed steel API-5L-X52, both with dual phase microstructures. Changes in mechanical properties such as phase microhardness, ultimate tensile strength, and yield strength in both types of steel were observed at aging temperatures of 25, 80, and 150°C. This aging is associated with dislocation structures formed on ferrite grains in the vicinity of ferrite/martensite interfaces during intercritical treatments, which become preferential sites for solute atom diffusion. © 1999 IoM Communications Ltd.

Panorama de la Inserción Internacional de América Latina y el Caribe 1997

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Diffusion phenomena of the oxygen and nitrogen in niobium by mechanical spectroscopy

The short-range diffusion phenomenon (Snoek Effect) was investigated by mechanical spectroscopy measurements between 300 K and 650 K, in a polycrystalline niobium sample, containing oxygen and nitrogen, using a torsion pendulum. Experimental spectra of anelastic relaxation were obtained under three conditions: as-received sample; annealed sample and subsequently annealed in an oxygen atmosphere for three hours at 1170 K in partial pressure of 5°10 -5mbar. The experimental spectra obtained were decomposed in elementary Debye peaks and the anelastic relaxation processes were identified. With anelastic relaxation parameters and the lattice parameters, the interstitial diffusion coefficients of the oxygen and nitrogen in niobium were calculated for each kind of preferential occupation (octahedral and tetrahedral). The results were compared with the literature data, and confirmed that the best adjustment is for the preferential occupation octahedral model for low concentrations of interstitial solutes, but at higher concentration of oxygen were observed deviations of experimental data for the interstitial diffusion coefficients of oxygen in niobium when compared with the literature data, this could be related to the possible occurrence of a double occupation of interstitial sites in the niobium lattice by oxygen interstitials. © (2010) Trans Tech Publications.

Reformas estructurales y comportamiento tecnológico: reflexiones en torno a las fuentes y naturaleza del cambio tecnológico en América Latina en los años noventa

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Tolerância de Digitaria ciliaris, Digitaria horizontalis e Digitaria nuda à herbicidas usados em cana-de-açúcar

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

El caso de Córdoba, Argentina: reflexiones metodológicas y conceptuales de investigación

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Tolerância de variedades de cana-de-açúcar a herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência e efeitos residuais sobre variedades de girassol

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Informe de la reunión de directores de energía de los países del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana: energía sostenible para todos y otras acciones de la Agenda Energética Regional (Cayo San Pedro, Belice, 4 y 5 de septiembre 2014)

1. Los programas de trabajo de la Sede Subregional de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) en México han incluido la realización de reuniones de expertos, las cuales tienen el propósito de discutir temas relevantes para los países con los que trabaja esta oficina subregional. En el caso de la energía, esas reuniones generalmente se han coorganizado con la Secretaría General del Sistema de Integración Centroamericana (SG-SICA) y los organismos regionales especializados del sector energía. También se han realizado reuniones de expertos para examinar problemas específicos del sector energía de interés para algunos países. En algunos casos, estos eventos se han llevado a cabo con el apoyo de instituciones regionales y organismos de cooperación. 2. Los temas abordaros durante los últimos años fueron los siguientes: sustentabilidad de la matriz energética (Guatemala, Guatemala, noviembre de 2009); energía y cambio climático (Guatemala, Guatemala, mayo de 2011); consumo de leña (Guatemala, Guatemala y Tegucigalpa, Honduras, marzo de 2011); impactos de los precios de los hidrocarburos y discusión de las acciones prioritarias en la agenda petrolera regional (Panamá, Panamá, junio de 2012); acciones para impulsar proyectos regionales de generación eléctrica (marzo y junio de 2012, en las ciudades de San Salvador, El Salvador y Managua, Nicaragua, respectivamente), y avance de las iniciativas y programas de eficiencia energética y otros temas de la agenda energética regional (Panamá, Panamá, septiembre de 2013). 3. Durante el segundo semestre de 2014, a solicitud de la SG-SICA y de su Unidad de Coordinación Energética (UCE-SICA), la CEPAL organizó una reunión de expertos con el propósito de revisar y discutir los siguientes temas: a) universalización de los servicios modernos de energía en los países del SICA, en el marco de la iniciativa de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas conocida como “Energía Sostenible para Todos (SE4ALL), y b) seguimiento a temas relevantes de la agenda energética regional de la UCE-SICA. A continuación se brinda información sobre la organización, dinámica y conclusiones de la reunión.

Comparação de métodos para determinar a seletividade de herbicidas na cultura da cana-de-açúcar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Síntese e caracterização de novos materiais compósitos orgânicos/inorgânicos, fotopolimerizáveis, para uso em restaurações odontológicas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Seletividade de herbicidas em mudas pré-brotadas de cana-de-açúcar

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Hematological and biochemical changes in a Phrynops geoffroanus (Schweigger, 1812) population in response to environmental stressors

Turtles are among the most endangered vertebrate groups, and the main threats to populations are environmental pollution and habitat degradation. The species Phrynops geoffroanus, popularly known as “Geoffroy’s side-necked turtle”, has proliferated in polluted environments, where adverse conditions could influence their living habits and physiological condition. Studies that monitor the effects of environmental pollution are key to understanding the species’ biology and designing effective conservation strategies. Thus, the analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters has been shown to be important in assessing the health of wild animals and risks for the animal and ecosystem. This study aimed to assess the environmental influence on the physiology of a P. geoffroanus population through the evaluation of antioxidant status and responses to environmental stressors, compared to specimens from a place under controlled conditions. Blood samples of 60 specimens were collected, 30 from the Felicidade Stream, polluted environment, within the city of São José do Rio Preto, and 30 from the “Reginaldo Uvo Leone” breeding farm, Tabapuã, SP, a place under controlled conditions, whose samples constituted the control group. They were evaluated by hemogram and by determining thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). There was a wide variation in hematological parameters of P. geoffroanus from the urban environment. The red blood cell count and hemoglobin values were significantly less than those observed in animals from the breeding farm (P = 0.0004; P = 0.0371, respectively). There was a significant increase in the number of thrombocytes (P < 0.0001) and leukocytes (P < 0.0001) in the animals from Felicidade Stream. The stress indices were similar between the two groups (P = 0.4077). TBARS levels showed the cytotoxic potential of compounds in the urban environment, whose animals had elevated levels of lipid peroxidation (P < 0.0001), despite showing a response to environmental damages with increase in antioxidant capacity, as demonstrated by the TEAC assay (P = 0.0207). The lower catalase enzyme activity noted in individuals from the urban environment (P = 0.000184) could be due to the presence of inhibitory compounds. On the other hand, G6PDH activity was higher (P = 0.002962), where this enzyme acts in the generation of NADPH, which is used in several detoxification pathways. We conclude that environmental contamination can increase oxidative damages and generate physiological changes in this species. These data are very useful for the conservation of P. geoffroanus and turtles in general, and confirm that these techniques are effective in monitoring natural regions and that P. geoffroanus can serve as an environmental contamination bioindicator.