Modeling a spatially restricted distribution in the Neotropics: How the size of calibration area affects the performance of five presence-only methods

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Occurrence (presence-only) of living Lophelia pertusa reefs in the Irish continental margin

The present data set was used as a training set for a Habitat Suitability Model. It contains occurrence (presence-only) of living Lophelia pertusa reefs in the Irish continental margin, which were assembled from databases, cruise reports and publications. A total of 4423 records were inspected and quality assessed to ensure that they (1) represented confirmed living L. pertusa reefs (so excluding 2900 records of dead and isolated coral colony records); (2) were derived from sampling equipment that allows for accurate (<200 m) geo-referencing (so excluding 620 records derived mainly from trawling and dredging activities); and (3) were not duplicated. A total of 245 occurrences were retained for the analysis. Coral observations are highly clustered in regions targeted by research expeditions, which might lead to falsely inflated model evaluation measures (Veloz, 2009). Therefore, we coarsened the distribution data by deleting all but one record within grid cells of 0.02° resolution (Davies & Guinotte 2011). The remaining 53 points were subject to a spatial cross-validation process: a random presence point was chosen, grouped with its 12 closest neighbour presence points based on Euclidean distance and withheld from model training. This process was repeated for all records, resulting in 53 replicates of spatially non-overlapping sets of test (n=13) and training (n=40) data. The final 53 occurrence records were used for model training.

Regional avian species declines estimated from volunteer-collected long-term data using List Length Analysis

Long-term systematic population monitoring data sets are rare but are essential in identifying changes in species abundance. In contrast, community groups and natural history organizations have collected many species lists. These represent a large, untapped source of information on changes in abundance but are generally considered of little value. The major problem with using species lists to detect population changes is that the amount of effort used to obtain the list is often uncontrolled and usually unknown. It has been suggested that using the number of species on the list, the "list length," can be a measure of effort. This paper significantly extends the utility of Franklin's approach using Bayesian logistic regression. We demonstrate the value of List Length Analysis to model changes in species prevalence (i.e., the proportion of lists on which the species occurs) using bird lists collected by a local bird club over 40 years around Brisbane, southeast Queensland, Australia. We estimate the magnitude and certainty of change for 269 bird species and calculate the probabilities that there have been declines and increases of given magnitudes. List Length Analysis confirmed suspected species declines and increases. This method is an important complement to systematically designed intensive monitoring schemes and provides a means of utilizing data that may otherwise be deemed useless. The results of List Length Analysis can be used for targeting species of conservation concern for listing purposes or for more intensive monitoring. While Bayesian methods are not essential for List Length Analysis, they can offer more flexibility in interrogating the data and are able to provide a range of parameters that are easy to interpret and can facilitate conservation listing and prioritization. © 2010 by the Ecological Society of America.

Iodide Retention by Modified Kaolinite in the Context of Safe Disposal of High Level Nuclear Waste

Bentonite clay is identified as potential buffer in deep geological repositories (DGR) that store high level radioactive wastes (HLW) as the expansive clay satisfies the expected mechanical and physicochemical functions of the buffer material. In the deep geological disposal of HLW, iodine-129 is one of the significant nuclides, attributable to its long half-life (half life 1⁄4 1:7 × 107 years). However, the negative charge on the basal surface of bentonite particles precludes retention of iodide anions. To render the bentonite effective in retaining hazardous iodide species in DGR, improvement of the anion retention capacity of bentonite becomes imperative. The iodide retention capac-ity of bentonite is improved by admixing 10 and 20% Ag-kaolinite (Ag-K) with bentonite (B) on a dry mass basis. The present study produced Ag-kaolinite by heating silver nitrate-kaolinite mixes at 400°C. Marginal release of iodide retained by Ag-kaolinite occurred under extreme acidic (pH 1⁄4 2:5) and alkaline (pH 1⁄4 12:5) conditions. The swell pressure and iodide etention results of the B-Ag-K specimens bring out that mixing Ag-K with bentonite does not chemically modify the expansive clay; the mixing is physical in nature and Ag-K presence only contributes to iodide retention of the admixture. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HZ.2153-5515.0000121. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Avaliação de condicionadores em solo para uso em telhados verdes com vistas à retenção hídrica.

As inundações são fenômenos naturais que ocorrem devido às chuvas de grande magnitude, agravadas nas áreas urbanas pela impermeabilização do solo e ineficiência dos sistemas de drenagem. Os telhados verdes surgem como uma medida compensatória estrutural que pode reter parte da água precipitada, adiando o pico de escoamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de desenvolver uma combinação de solo e condicionadores para telhado verde, promovam um aumento relevante na capacidade de retenção hídrica e um maior adiamento do pico de escoamento das águas pluviais. Este estudo foi dividido em duas etapas. Na Etapa 1, foram analisadas, em colunas de percolação, três condicionadores nas seguintes concentrações: Gel retentor Stockosorb (2; 4; 6 g/dm3), Fertilizante de liberação lenta Osmocote (4,7; 7,1; 9,0 g/dm3) e Zeólita (30; 50; 70 g/dm3), em três eventos (regas) consecutivos de chuva simulada na intensidade de 57 mm/h. A avaliação das concentrações mais adequadas dentre as testadas para cada condicionante foi baseada nas análises referentes à retenção hídrica (altura do meio após a rega; tempo de adiamento do escoamento; mm retidos; intensidade da água percolada em mm/min) e à qualidade da água percolada (pH, oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez e sólidos). Na Etapa 2, foi avaliada, em vasos, a influência da presença de três espécies de plantas (Arachis pintoi; Raphanus sativus; Lavandula angustifolia) em dois tipos de meio: solo sem condicionadores; solo com condicionadores nas melhores concentrações indicadas na Etapa 1, sendo simulada apenas um evento de chuva de 57 mm/h. Foram analisados parâmetros biológicos (germinação; plantas sobreviventes; comprimento do caule e da raiz; pesos da biomassa do caule e da raiz); retenção hídrica (altura do meio após a rega; tempo de adiamento do escoamento; mm retidos; intensidade da água percolada em mm/min); qualidade da água percolada (pH; oxigênio dissolvido; turbidez; sólidos; nitrato; amônia; fósforo total). Os resultados da Etapa 1 indicaram que o gel promoveu de forma significativa um aumento na retenção hídrica, e adiou o início da percolação de água, além de promover ligeira elevação do pH na água percolada. A adição de zeólita resultou em um aumento significativo da retenção hídrica, porém tal aumento não é vantajoso visto que este representa um custo adicional que poderia ser reduzido com o aumento da proporção do gel na coluna. A adição de fertilizantes não promoveu mudanças na qualidade da água percolada. Na Etapa 2, somente o efeito da presença de A. pintoi (maior produção de biomassa de raiz e caule) e R. sativus foram avaliadas. A presença dos condicionantes no solo proporcionou um desempenho significativamente superior em relação a retenção hídrica (altura do substrato e adiamento do pico de chuva) e qualidade da água percolada (pH e turbidez) quando comparados aos testes realizados na presença somente de solo. O fertilizante influenciou nas altas concentrações dos nutrientes (nitrogênio e fósforo) na água percolado nos resultados. A presença do gel no substrato, resultou numa capacidade superior de retenção de hídrica, e consequentemente no adiamento do pico de intensidade de chuva. Sendo assim, recomenda-se a aplicação do gel em telhados verdes para futuros estudos em ambientes externos.

Investigation of fluorine three-dimensional redistribution during solid-phase-epitaxial-regrowth of amorphous Si

The fluorine redistribution during partial solid-phase-epitaxial-regrowth at 650°C of a preamorphized Si substrate implanted by F was investigated by atom probe tomography (APT), transmission electron microscopy, and secondary ions mass spectrometry. Three-dimensional spatial distribution of F obtained by APT provides a direct observation of F-rich clusters with a diameter of less than 1.5 nm. Density variation compatible with cavities and F-rich molecular ions in correspondence of clusters are in accordance with cavities filled by SiF 4 molecules. Their presence only in crystalline Si while they are not revealed by statistical analysis in amorphous suggests that they form at the amorphous/crystal interface. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.

Assessing the effects of pseudo-absences on predictive distribution model performance

Modelling species distributions with presence data from atlases, museum collections and databases is challenging. In this paper, we compare seven procedures to generate pseudoabsence data, which in turn are used to generate GLM-logistic regressed models when reliable absence data are not available. We use pseudo-absences selected randomly or by means of presence-only methods (ENFA and MDE) to model the distribution of a threatened endemic Iberian moth species (Graellsia isabelae). The results show that the pseudo-absence selection method greatly influences the percentage of explained variability, the scores of the accuracy measures and, most importantly, the degree of constraint in the distribution estimated. As we extract pseudo-absences from environmental regions further from the optimum established by presence data, the models generated obtain better accuracy scores, and over-prediction increases. When variables other than environmental ones influence the distribution of the species (i.e., non-equilibrium state) and precise information on absences is non-existent, the random selection of pseudo-absences or their selection from environmental localities similar to those of species presence data generates the most constrained predictive distribution maps, because pseudo-absences can be located within environmentally suitable areas. This study showsthat ifwe do not have reliable absence data, the method of pseudo-absence selection strongly conditions the obtained model, generating different model predictions in the gradient between potential and realized distributions.

Sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) ecology and management in the North Atlantic

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Mar, especialidade em Ecologia Marinha.

Contribuições sobre estudos térmicos (TG/DTG, DTA, DSC e DSC-Fotovisual) da rifampicina e seus principais produtos de degradação

Since its synthesis over 48 years rifampicin has been extensively studied. The literature reports the characterization of thermal events for rifampicin in nitrogen atmosphere, however, no characterization in synthetic air atmosphere. This paper aims to contribute to the thermal study of rifampicin through thermal (TG / DTG, DTA, DSC and DSC - FOTOVISUAL ) and non-thermal (HPLC, XRPD , IR - FTIR , PCA) and its main degradation products ( rifampicin quinone , rifampicin N-oxide 3- formylrifamicin). Rifampicin study was characterized as polymorph form II from techniques DSC, IR and XRPD. TG curves for rifampicin in synthetic air atmosphere showed higher thermal stability than those in N2, when analyzed Ti and Ea. There was characterized as overlapping events melting and recrystallization under N2 with weight loss in the TG curve, suggesting concomitant decomposition. Images DSCFotovisual showed no fusion event and showed darkening of the sample during analysis. The DTA curve in synthetic air atmosphere was visually different from DTA and DSC curves under N2, suggesting the absence of recrystallization and melting or presence only decomposition. The IV - FTIR analysis along with PCA analysis and HPLC and thermal data suggest that rifampicin for their fusion is concomitant decomposition of the sample in N2 and fusion events and recrystallization do not occur in synthetic air atmosphere. Decomposition products studied in an air atmosphere showed no melting event and presented simultaneously to the decomposition initiation of heating after process loss of water and / or solvent, varying the Ti initiating events. The Coats - Redfern , Madsudhanan , Van Krevelen and Herwitz - Mertzger kinetic parameters for samples , through the methods of OZAWA , in an atmosphere of synthetic air and / or N2 rifampicin proved more stable than its degradation products . The kinetic data showed good correlation between the different models employed. In this way we contribute to obtaining information that may assist studies of pharmaceutical compatibility and stability of substances

Density and Spatial Distribution of Buffy-tufted-ear Marmosets (Callithrix aurita) in a Continuous Atlantic Forest

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

How to not inflate population estimates? Spatial density distribution of white-lipped peccaries in a continuous Atlantic forest

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sirocladium robustum, uma nova espécie de Zygnemataceae (Chlorophyta)

Sirocladium foi descrito por Randhawa (espécie tipo Sirocladium kumaoense) a partir de amostras de uma alga que crescia sobre o solo úmido às margens de uma queda d'água na Índia. O gênero é considerado terrestre e é caracterizado pela presença de apenas dois cloroplastos de forma laminar, bem como pela ocorrência de conjugação sem a formação de tubos. Atualmente, Sirocladium conta com mais três espécies, S. maharashtrense Randhawa, S. vandalurense Randhawa encontradas em solos úmidos da Índia, e S. cubense Rieth que é conhecida de solos úmidos de Cuba. O presente estudo descreve S. robustum, uma nova espécie deste gênero pouco conhecido de Zygnemataceae, cujos espécimes foram coletados crescendo sobre o solo úmido de uma poça permanente na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, no Brasil. As maiores dimensões do comprimento e diâmetro das células, a forma e dimensão dos zigósporos são as características mais distintivas de S. robustum das outras quatro espécies deste gênero.

PCN no contexto da análise comportamental da cultura: descrições e prescrições sugeridas no tema transversal de meio ambiente

Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

Complexos de lantanídeos contendo ligantes organofosforados como matrizes para materiais luminescentes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Raster grids detailing habitat suitability for Lophelia pertusa reefs in the Irish continental margin

This dataset contains raster grids in GeoTIFF format describing the habitat suitability for living Lophelia pertusa reefs in the Irish continental margin (extended continental shelf claim). The habitat suitability map is given in continuous and binary (based on the 10th percentile threshold) format. The geographic extent is 25°53.801'W - 6°42.401'W and 46°45.033'N - 57°27.033'N. The spatial resolution is 0.01°x0.01°. The map projection is WGS 1984.