Ex-post evaluation of the employment effects of a preferential trade agreement: methodological issues, illustrated with a reference to Chile

Includes bibliography

Enhancing paramedics procedural skills using a cadaveric model

Background Paramedic education has evolved in recent times from vocational post-employment to tertiary pre-employment supplemented by clinical placement. Simulation is advocated as a means of transferring learned skills to clinical practice. Sole reliance of simulation learning using mannequin-based models may not be sufficient to prepare students for variance in human anatomy. In 2012, we trialled the use of fresh frozen human cadavers to supplement undergraduate paramedic procedural skill training. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether cadaveric training is an effective adjunct to mannequin simulation and clinical placement. Methods A multi-method approach was adopted. The first step involved a Delphi methodology to formulate and validate the evaluation instrument. The instrument comprised of knowledge-based MCQs, Likert for self-evaluation of procedural skills and behaviours, and open answer. The second step involved a pre-post evaluation of the 2013 cadaveric training. Results One hundred and fourteen students attended the workshop and 96 evaluations were included in the analysis, representing a return rate of 84%. There was statistically significant improved anatomical knowledge after the workshop. Students' self-rated confidence in performing procedural skills on real patients improved significantly after the workshop: inserting laryngeal mask (MD 0.667), oropharyngeal (MD 0.198) and nasopharyngeal (MD 0.600) airways, performing Bag-Valve-Mask (MD 0.379), double (MD 0.344) and triple (MD 0.326,) airway manoeuvre, doing 12-lead electrocardiography (MD 0.729), using McGrath(R) laryngoscope (MD 0.726), using McGrath(R) forceps to remove foreign body (MD 0.632), attempting thoracocentesis (MD 1.240), and putting on a traction splint (MD 0.865). The students commented that the workshop provided context to their theoretical knowledge and that they gained an appreciation of the differences in normal tissue variation. Following engagement in/ completion of the workshop, students were more aware of their own clinical and non-clinical competencies. Conclusions The paramedic profession has evolved beyond patient transport with minimal intervention to providing comprehensive both emergency and non-emergency medical care. With limited availability of clinical placements for undergraduate paramedic training, there is an increasing demand on universities to provide suitable alternatives. Our findings suggested that cadaveric training using fresh frozen cadavers provides an effective adjunct to simulated learning and clinical placements.

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County, April 2016

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County map produced by the Iowa Workforce Development.

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County, May 2016

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County map produced by the Iowa Workforce Development.

Unemployment Rates For Iowa Counties, June 2016

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County map produced by the Iowa Workforce Development.

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County, June 2016

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County map produced by the Iowa Workforce Development.

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County, July 2016

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County map produced by the Iowa Workforce Development.

Unemployment Rates For Iowa Counties, August 2016

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County map produced by the Iowa Workforce Development.

Benefit News: Employee Benefit News, Department of Administrative Services, October 2016

Benefit News, brought to you by the DAS Benefits Team, providing you with the most up-to-date information about the state of Iowa’s employee benefits.

Unemployment Rates For Iowa Counties, September 2016

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County map produced by the Iowa Workforce Development.

Unemployment Rates For Iowa Counties, October 2016

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County map produced by the Iowa Workforce Development.

Unemployment Rates For Iowa Counties, November 2016

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County map produced by the Iowa Workforce Development.

ASCS employees, Federal justices, judges, and certain dependent children [microform] : hearing before the Subcommittee on Compensation and Employment [i.e. Employee] Benefits of the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, first session, on S. 383, H.R. 2583, and H.R. 2584, July 24, 1979.

Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc.

Benefits and challenges of antivirulence antimicrobials at the dawn of the post-antibiotic era

In April 2014, the World Health Organization announced the beginning of a post-antibiotic era and declared antimicrobial resistance (AMR) a public health priority demanding global action. If no action is taken, by 2050 AMR will kill more people each year than cancer, with 10 million estimated annual deaths at a cost of $100 trillion to the global economy. New therapies to tackle multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens are urgently needed. Unlike traditional antibiotics, antivirulence drugs inhibit bacterial virulence instead of growth promising to offer a new class of superior therapeutics that will be ‘evolution-proof’ and ‘tailored-spectrum’. This mini-review discusses the latest emerging evidence on the promised benefits of antivirulence drugs over conventional antibiotics, also highlighting the challenges in evaluating these properties for each of the diverse virulence targets that are currently under investigation. The author argues that overcoming such challenges early in the development process constitutes an important step towards successfully progressing each of the expanding number of antivirulence strategies into next-generation therapies for common human and animal infections that are becoming increasingly refractory to all available antibiotics.