999 resultados para morte encefálica


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The authors present considerations about death and brain death concepts, as well the legal aspects for its diagnosis in Brazil. They also present the UNICAMP Protocol for the Diagnosis of Brain Death, revised and according with the current law, with standard techniques for the diagnostic exam. They emphasize the importance of a mature ethical position for this frequent and challenging situation.

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Brain death results in the breakdown of effective central regulatory mechanisms of cardiocirculatory stability, even in patients with artificial mechanical ventilation, correction of electrolytic and acid-basic disorders and maximal conventional pharmacological support of the circulation. Recent evidences have shown that the fall of vasopressin levels in the blood circulation significantly influences the cardiocirculatory stability of patients with brain death, and its exogenous administration is defended by many authors for the management of multiorgan donor patients. In this brief review we analyse and discuss some experimental and clinical relevant studies about the role of vasopressin in the control of cardiocirculatory stability in brain death, and its potential usefulness in the management of multiorgan donor. We conclude that the role of vasopressin in the pathophysiology of brain death and its usefulness as a pharmacological agent in the management of multiorgan donor are not well elucidated, deserving further investigations.

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A doação de órgãos é um processo complexo que desafia os profissionais e gestores do sistema de saúde. Este estudo objetiva apresentar um modelo teórico de organização do cuidado ao paciente em morte encefálica e o processo de doação de órgãos, balizado pelas principais ideias do pensamento Lean que possibilitam a melhoria da produção a partir de ciclos de planejamentos e criação de um ambiente propício para o sucesso da sua implementação. O pensamento Lean pode tornar mais eficaz e eficiente o processo de doação de órgãos e contribuir com a sua melhoria, a partir da sistematização das informações e capacitação dos profissionais para a excelência do cuidado. O modelo apresentado configura-se como um referencial disponível para validação e aplicação pelos profissionais e gestores de saúde e enfermagem na prática da gestão do cuidado ao paciente potencial doador de órgãos em morte encefálica e respectiva demanda por transplante.

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Despite of the technological advances that favor the transplant process, there are issues of effectiveness of care necessary for the maintenance of potential organ donors with brain death, which contribute to the no realization of transplants of organs and tissues of these patients. It is presupposed that the problems could be related to perceptions and understandings that the professionals of the units of internment have about the care required by the diagnosis of brain death. The aim of this study was to understand the meaning of the nursing care of the potential organ donor with brain death to the nursing staff. Descriptive study with qualitative approach guided by Action Science Theory and the critic-reflexive research methodology accomplished with five nurses and 19 nursing technicians from Operative Rehabilitation Center in a public hospital at Natal / RN, Brazil, between March and May 2013. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with individual reflection about the care and through group interview, after approval by the Ethics and Research Committee, CAAE No.: 04255612.7.0000.5537. The analysis was performed in a thematic way according to Bardin. During the group meeting the participants were driven in a discussion about the need for change and how to perform them. The results indicate that the professionals actions are consistent with those required for maintenance of potential organ donors, although the material and human resources are not adequate. That situation leads the professionals to develop a meaning of care as one labor more, demanding more than they can give. They express beliefs and feelings concerning the hope that their care brings a greater good that is to save lives. The reflection for a possible change of action was difficult to accomplish due to professionals not to be able to self evaluate, what lead to direct your changes suggestions for other team members. It is concluded that the care provided to these patients is a difficult care, evidenced by suffering both death situation of the person cared and pain of their families, as the dehumanizing conditions of work, helping themselves to keep distance from patients to not suffer so much. The knowledge impregnated in their act, are scientific, ethical, aesthetic and personal kind with a predominance of the scientific followed by the personal. The study was also relevant to the practice of nursing in maintaining the potential donor, in that it allowed the identification of the knowledge used by nurses in their care practice and the meaning understanding of the professionals on the care provided, as a good action that brings satisfaction when the transplanting is executed. Other experiences are suggested with the critic-reflexive research methodology, both in research as in teaching nursing

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Estudou-se retrospectivamente a evolução clínica de dois pacientes, até sua falência cardíaca irreversível (FCI), submetidos à monitorização contínua da pressão intracraniana (PIC). O estudo detalhado desses traçados mostrou que, nos dois casos a PIC atingiu valores máximos 5 e 12 h antes de ocorrer diminuição na amplitude das ondas, observada 47 e 60 h pré-FCI. Essa diminução foi progressiva e tornou-se linear cerca de 30 h antes da FCI, em ambos os casos. O diagnóstico clínico de morte encefálica (ME) foi obtido 3 e 28 hs após a linearidade do traçado. Os autores sugerem que o diagnóstico de ME pode ser definido mais precocemente com o uso da monitorização da PIC desde que o paciente não esteja sob sedação, e salientam a necessidade de mais observações, em número maior de pacientes.

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Purpose: Study aiming to understand the reasons for the refusal to donate organs by relatives of potential donors living in the Mid-Western region of the São Paulo state. Method: Qualitative study performed after data collection by the Organ Procurement Organization (OPO) Division of a reference hospital in the region. Relatives were contacted to participate in a semi-structured interview, and after the subjects in the study were characterized, four guiding questions were presented; their respective answers were recorded to be transcribed later. The Analysis of Content method proposed by Bardin was used to organize the speeches. Results: From 2006 to 2008, 30 (35.3%) families contacted by OPO have refused to agree with the organ donation. From that universe, 16 family members were interviewed. Data was systematized in three major themes: The experience of being informed on a family member’s brain death, decision concerning to the organ donation and aspects that would facilitate the decision to agree with the organ donation. Conclusion: the identification of reasons for the refusal and the suggestions presented has provided subsidies to improve the organ donation for transplantation process.

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Efectuou-se a análise retrospectiva de 184 dos 200 óbitos registados na UCIP do HDE, no período compreendido entre Abril de 1991 e Março de 1997. A análise efectuada visou essencialmente aspectos relacionados com o tipo de intervenção e investimento terapêutico, processo de tomada de decisão e a abordagem da morte em pediatria. A expectativa de intervenção terapêutica, à entrada, era curativa em 96 (52,2%) casos, paliativa-curativa em 44 (23,9%), paliativa não-curativa em 39 (21,2%) e de cuidados terminais em 5 (2,7%). Nos 184 casos analisados o investimento terapêutico inicial foi total em 178 (96,7%). Ao longo do internamento ocorreu uma modificação desse investimento terapêutico em 71 (38,6%) casos. Assim, dos 184 falecidos, 107 (58,2%) faleceram na sequência de reanimação cardio-respiratória não eficaz, isto é, com investimento total e 77 (41,8%) com limitação de investimento. Nestes últimos, em 19 (10,3%) casos houve diagnóstico de morte cerebral, em 47 (25,5%) decisão de não-reanimação, e em 11 limitação terapêutica.

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Foram objetivos do estudo identificar conhecimento, crenças comportamentais e normativas de estudantes de nível médio sobre transplante e doação de órgãos, à luz da Teoria da Ação Racional (TRA), em duas escolas da rede pública do município de São Paulo. A amostra foi constituída por 94 alunos que responderam um questionário baseado nos pressupostos da TRA e as respostas foram submetidas à análise estatística. O resultado mostra baixo conhecimento sobre doação de órgãos, pois 45,8% desconhecem o conceito de morte encefálica; 37,2% não sabem quando a morte ocorre e 70,3% não sabem quando uma pessoa se torna potencial doador. Foram evidenciadas dez crenças positivas relativas ao comportamento de ser doador de órgãos. Salientaram-se, também, sete crenças negativas sobre doação de órgãos. Foram evidenciadas oito crenças positivas e cinco crenças negativas relativas à doação de órgãos. Conclui-se ser necessário desenvolver estudos e implementar programas educativos de esclarecimento sobre o tema.

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O estudo propõe identificar os estressores vivenciados pelos familiares no processo de doação de órgãos, evidenciar o momento mais desgastante do processo e verificar a associação de variáveis com a experiência vivenciada pelos familiares. A amostra constituiu-se de 16 familiares que realizaram a doação por meio de uma Organização de Procura de Órgãos, na cidade de São Paulo, em 2007. Utilizou-se um instrumento estruturado com questões versando sobre a experiência e avaliação dos familiares no processo de doação. Os principais estressores foram: insatisfação com o atendimento (31,25%); receber a notícia da morte encefálica de forma intranquila (62,50%); e a demora para a liberação do corpo (62,50%), sendo este o momento mais desgastante do processo. Pelo coeficiente phi, verificou-se associação moderada entre as variáveis de interesse com a experiência da família. Conclui-se que o processo de doação é estressante para a família e que a assistência de enfermagem torna-se necessária em cada etapa da doação, oferecendo suporte para diminuir o sofrimento dos familiares.

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RESUMO Objetivo Compreender as experiências e expectativas dos enfermeiros de unidades de terapia intensiva no cuidado ao doador de órgãos para transplantes e à sua família. Método Pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem da Fenomenologia Social realizada em 2013, com 20 enfermeiros. Resultados As experiências dos enfermeiros com as famílias dos doadores foram representadas pelas categorias: obstáculos vivenciados e intervenções realizadas no cuidado às famílias dos doadores. As expectativas desses profissionais na assistência às famílias e aos doadores de órgãos foram descritas pela categoria: cuidar para salvar vidas. Conclusão O estudo mostrou que o cotidiano dos enfermeiros de terapia intensiva no cuidado às famílias e aos doadores de órgãos é permeado por obstáculos que interferem no processo de doação. Diante desse cenário têm como expectativas oferecer uma assistência intensiva ao doador falecido e um cuidado humanizado às famílias, intencionando possibilitar a aceitação da doação de órgãos pelos familiares e viabilizar órgãos para transplantes.

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This study aimed at examining the representation and the level of knowledge as well as getting acquainted whether there had been significant divergence among three social groups of 3rd year Law students, 7th period Medical students at UFPB and a group of people from the Catholic Church in vila dos pescadores in João Pessoa - about organ donation, transplant law and ethical issues that raise questions. In order to accomplish the qualitative analysis, Bardin´s content analysis technique was applied in conjunction with the Chisquare test which was applied with significance level of 5% to quantitative data. The data revealed that most informants agree with organ donation, Although they are not acquainted with the law of transplants, and with the lack of confidence in the single list of recipients. The problem is that there is an encouragement to trades with organs and the possibility of any person legally authorized to donate organs in life. The statistically significant difference was observed in only two questions, ie, in response to the confidence in the diagnosis of brain death: 64% of 7th period Medical students at UFPB trust this diagnosis versus 12% of the evangelizing group of vila dos pescadores. The other difference refers to the answer about the confidence in the single list of recipients: 36% of the 7th period Medical students of UFPB said to trust the list versus 12% of the 3rd law students of UFPB. This is was a multidisciplinary study with Involvement of lawyers and doctors

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The transplantation of organs and tissues presents itself as an important therapeutic option, both from a medical standpoint, the social or economic. Thus, the identification of variables that can interfere in the effectiveness of organs and tissues donation for transplantation needs to be investigated adequately, because it stands before increasing index of chronic and degenerative diseases in the population, what makes the waiting list for transplantation grow disproportionately and patients come to death without the opportunity of realization the treatment due to a lack of donors. In this context, has defined as objective of this study evaluate the factors associated with the effectiveness of organs and tissues donation for transplantation. It is a evaluative research, quantitative, prospective, with longitudinal design, developed at Central of Catchment, Notification and organ donation for transplant, Organ Procurement Organization and in six accredited hospitals to collect and transplantation of organs and tissues, in Natal/RN, between august 2010 and february 2011, after the approval of the Research Ethics Committee, under No. 414/10 and CAAE 007.0.294.000-10. The probabilistic sample without replacement was composed of 65 potential donors. It was used as an instrument of data collection a structured script non-participant observation of checklist type. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in tables, charts, graphs and figures. For this, was used Microsoft Excel 2007 and statistical program SPSS version 20.0. To check the level of significance was chosen by applying the chi-square test (χ2) and Mann Whitney and caselas for less than five, it is considered the Fisher exact test. It was adopted as the significance level p-value <0.05. Among the surveyed it was observed that most of the individuals were male (50,8%), in the age group 45 years (53,8%), mean age of 42,3 years, minimum 5 and maximum 73 years (± 17,32 years). Single / widowers / divorced (56,9%), with up to completed elementary school (60,0%) in the exercise of professional activity (86,2%), catholic (83,1%) and residents in metropolitan region of Natal (52,3%). Was obtained donation effectiveness of 27,7%. There was no statistical significance between structure and effectiveness of the donation, but were observed inadequacies in physical resources (36,9%), materials (30,8%), organizational structure (29,2%) and human resources (18,5%). In the process, the maintenance phase (p= 0.004), diagnosis of brain death (p= 0.032), family interview (p≤ 0.001) and documentation (p= 0.001) presented statistical significance with effectiveness. Thus, it is accepts the alternative hypothesis of the study, in which is evidenced that the adequacy of the factors related to structure and process is associated to effectiveness of organs and tissues donation for transplantation. In this way, the effectiveness of organ and tissue donation ends in an essential way the rapidity and accuracy with which the donation process is conducted, requiring appropriate structure, with appropriate physical and material resources and skilled human resources to optimize the reduction of time and the suffering of those waiting for an organ or tissue transplant queued in Brazil

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Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS