Mapeamento da zona costeria protegida por arenitos de praia (Beachrocks) em Nísia Floresta - RN

The goal of this work comprises the detailed mapping of the coastal zone of the south coast of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. The emphasis of the study is the units of beachrocks and the features of the physical environment associated. The mapping of the beachrocks and of the adjacent coastal features is justified, among other aspects, by the fact that the beachrocks constitute an important protection agent against the sea erosion. By one side, they dissipate the energy of the sea waves and make possible the imprisonment of sediments in the foreshore. The beachrocks in the studied area are constituted of discontinuous strips, parallel to the coast line presenting emerged in some places, even in the highest tides, entirely submerged or partially buried by coastal sediments. These sandstones compose the landscape of big part of the coast and they are responsible for the partial dissipation of the energy of the waves on the studied coast. The methodology used in this work consisted of different techniques were used, as the use of aerial pictures of small format (FAPEFs), acquisition of data of system of global positioning (GPS) and later elaboration of thematic maps and of digital models of soil (MDTs). The results obtained in the mapping of the use and occupation of the soil, demonstrate the existence of strong human pressure in the coastal area (built lots and no built), occupying about 54,74% of built areas. This problem has been taking to degradation risks due to the inconsequent expansion of divisions into lots and tourist enterprises. The MDT came as an excellent resource, as visual as functional, being possible to visualize several angles and to act in three dimensions the relief of the area in study, as well as to identify the present features in the coastal area. By the importance of the bodies of beachrocks as a protection agent against the coastal erosion, faces were delimited in the sandstones based in geometric criteria, classifying them in, central face, outside face, inside face, break and undermiming. These last two associates to the erosion and washout in the base of these bodies. Field data indicate clearly that the most important process in the fracturing of the bodies is associated with mechanisms related to the gravity, being the joints formed by processes of gravitational sliding. Finally, the mapping of the coastal zone starting from aerial pictures of small format it made possible the identification of the elements that compose the beach strip, for accomplishing with larger detailed level and by presenting a better monitoring of the dynamics of the coastal zone

Mapeamento de atributos e planejamento amostral para latossolos utilizando suscetibilidade magnética, cor e relação solo-paisagem

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Desenvolvimento de Ontologia para Apoio ao Diagnóstico de Distúrbios do Humor

Mestrado em Computação e Instrumentação Médica

Variabilidade espacial de atributos de solos em unidades de manejo em área piloto de produção integrada de coco

O objetivo deste trabalho foi, inicialmente, acessar as variações espaciais dos solos de parcelas experimentais de produção integrada do coco por meio do mapeamento detalhado dos solos e da construção de mapas de contorno de atributos do solo. Foram feitas observações, medições e coleta de amostras em microtrincheiras e perfis de solo. O teor de argila dos solos das microtrincheiras foi avaliado a campo pela sensação ao tato. Em todas as amostras foram realizadas análises físicas e químicas. Foram determinados granulometria (perfis), Al, Ca e Mg, acidez potencial, K e Na, pH, P disponível e C orgânico. Nas amostras dos perfis, foram determinados Fe, Al, Ti, P e Si pelo ataque sulfúrico. O Fe também foi determinado na fração argila, por extração com ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato de Na. Foi realizada difração de raios X da fração argila desferrificada. A construção de semivariogramas possibilitou a classificação e a comparação dos atributos do solo por meio do grau de dependência espacial destes. A elaboração dos mapas de contorno foi realizada pelo método interpolador de krigagem. A área mapeada corresponde a um topo amplo de tabuleiros costeiros, com uma depressão fechada no seu extremo sul. Do centro da depressão para fora dela seguem, em seqüência, Cambissolo Háplico textura argilosa, Latossolo Amarelo textura média/argilosa e Latossolo Amarelo textura média. Esses Latossolos são coesos em subsuperfície. Predominam atributos com elevado grau de heterogeneidade. Os valores médios de P, K e Ca + Mg estão influenciados por correções e adubações sistemáticas realizadas na área de plantio. Todas as variáveis analisadas apresentaram dependência espacial, expressa pelos modelos de semivariogramas. A análise da relação C0/(C0 + C1) revelou um grau de dependência espacial, de todas as variáveis, de moderado a forte. Os mapas de contorno detalharam diferenças que o mapa de solos já apontava para vários atributos, influenciados pela presença da depressão no extremo sul da área. Foram estabelecidas duas unidades de manejo para a área de estudo, as quais exigem práticas de manejo de água e solo diferenciadas.

Proposta de zoneamento ambiental visando a proteção dos recursos hídricos de uma bacia hidrográfica

One of the most important natural resources for sustaining human life, water, has been losing the basic requirements of quality and quantity sufficient enough to attend the population due to water contamination'problems, often caused by human beings themselves. Because of this, the sources of this resource are often located in remote places of the natural environment to ensure the quality of the water. However, when urban expansion began to occupy these areas, which were once regarded as distant, environmental pollution problems began to occur due to occupation of the land without planning. Based on this occurrence, this study aims to propose environmental zoning for the Maxaranguape river watershed in order to protect its water resources. This is important because this river can serve as a source of supply for the metropolitan area of Natal, the capital of Rio Grande do Norte. In accordance to this proposition, the model of natural soil loss vulnerability (CREPANI et al., 2001), the model of aquifer pollution vulnerability (FOSTER et al., 2006), and the legal incompatibility map (CREPANI et al., 2001) were used to delimit the zones. All this was done with Geographic Information System (GIS) and also created a geographic database update of the basin. The results of the first model mentioned indicated that 63.67% of the basin was classified as moderately stable / vulnerable, 35.66% as moderately vulnerable, and 0.67% as vulnerable. The areas with high vulnerability degree correspond with sand dunes and river channels areas. The second model indicated that 2.84% of the basin has low vulnerability, 70.27%) has median vulnerability, and 26.76% and 0.13% has high vulnerability and extreme vulnerability, respectively. The areas with the highest vulnerability values also refer to part of the sand dunes and river channels besides other areas such as Pureza urban area. The legal incompatibility map indicated that the basin has 85.02 km2 of Permanent Protection Area (PPA) and 14.62% of this area has some incongruity of use. Based on these results it was possible to draw three main zones: Protection and Sustainable Use Zone (PSUZ), Protection and Environmental Restoration Zone (PERZ) and Environmental Control Zone, which are divided into A, B and C. The PSUZ refer to the coastal areas of the basin, where the sand dunes are located. These sites should be areas of environmental protection and of sustainable urban expansion. The ZPRA refer to river channels, which are in high need of rehabilitation. The third zone corresponds to the rest of the basin which should have, in general, the mapping of possible sources of contamination for further control on the use and occupation of the river

Outlining precision boundaries among areas with different variability standards using magnetic susceptibility and geomorphic surfaces

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Evolução espaço-temporal da ocupação urbana sobre áreas naturais no município de Natal-RN

In this work the landscape morphodynamics was used to check the strength and importance of the changes carried out by man on the environment over time, in Natal-RN municipality. The occupation of partially preserved natural areas was analyzed, but environmentally fragile, such as riparian forests, vegetation on the banks of waterways, which play regulatory role of the water flow, and the dunes, which guarantee the rapid recharge of aquifers. The impacts of urban sprawl in Natal Southern and West zones Were identified and characterized, through a detailed mapping in the period between 1969 and 2013 the main Permanent Preservation Areas - PPA (banks of rivers and lagoons, and dunes remaining) and their temporal changes. For this were used aerial photographs and satellite imagery, altimetry data, and pre-existing information, which allowed the creation of a spatial database, and evolution of maps of impervious areas, evolution of the use and occupation and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) from contour lines with contour interval of 1 meter. Based on this study presents a diagnosis of the environmental situation and the state of conservation of natural areas, over the last 44 years, compared to human pressures. In general, it was found that the urban settlement has advanced about 60% of studied natural areas. This advance was growing by the year 2006, when there was a slowdown in the process, except for the Environmental Protection Zone (EPZ) 03, where the river Pitimbú and your PPA, which experienced a more significant loss area. The urban occupation affected the natural drainage and contributed to the contamination of groundwater Natal, due to increased sealed area, the release of liquid and solid waste, as well as the removal of riparian vegetation. Changed irreversibly the natural landscape, and reduced the quality and quantity of water resources necessary for the population. Thus, it is necessary to stimulate the adoption of use and protection of PPA planning measures, to the preservation of the San Valley Region inserted into the EPZ 01, and integrate more remaining dunes, in good condition, this EPZ, due to the importance of those remaining on the environment and the maintenance of quality of life. It is suggested, also, protection of catchment areas, such as PPA ponds and Pitimbú River. Finally, it is expected that this study can assist the managers in making decisions in urban and environmental planning of the municipality

Definição das zonas de manejo com base nas características do solo em viticultura de precisão: estudo de caso no Vale dos Vinhedos, Bento Gonçalves, RS.

A pesquisa em viticultura de precisão deve ser conduzida por meio de zonas de manejo, que podem ser definidas por meio do mapeamento detalhado do solo. No entanto, em termos de pesquisa torna-se necessário avaliar a variabilidade espacial dos atributos do solo, fato que aumenta a demanda por recursos financeiros. Neste trabalho, compara-se a eficiência do mapeamento detalhado dos solos em relação à malha regular de amostragem para definição de zonas de manejo em viticultura de precisão, em estudo de caso no Vale dos Vinhedos, Bento Gonçalves, RS. O estudo sugere que ambos os métodos são complementares, existindo certa dependência com o tipo de solo, colocando em dúvida a possibilidade de eliminação de um dos métodos por motivos de custo.

Sistema de informação geográfica como apoio ao levantamento detalhado de solos do Vale dos Vinhedos

O presente trabalho propõe o emprego de geotécnicas no apoio a um levantamento detalhado de solos, desde a coleta de dados em campo até à delimitação das unidades de solo e, posteriormente, a elaboração de um mapa final. A área de estudo corresponde a uma carta topográfica na escala 1:5.000 do Vale dos Vinhedos, na região da Serra Gaúcha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O material utilizado consiste em dados planialtimétricos de um levantamento aerofotogramétrico, receptores GPS (Global Posigioning System) e softwares de SIG (Sistemas de Informação Geográfica). Os softwares de SIG foram utilizados para integrar os dados de campo com as informações cartográficas e para analisar o relevo por meio de um MNT (Modelo Numérico do Terreno). Os resultados mostraram que o método permite a obtenção de um mapa digital georreferenciado, em que as unidades de mapeamento estão fortemente associadas com as fases de relevo, melhorando sua consistência e confiabilidade e facilitando seu uso futuro para outras aplicações.

Mapeamento de fragmentos de mata no município de Maringá, PR: uma abordagem da ecologia da paisagem

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mapeamento de sensibilidade ao derrame de óleo dos ambientes costeiros dos municípios de São Vicente, Santos e Guarujá - SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mapeamento, erodibilidade e tolerância de perdas de solo na sub-bacia do Ribeirão das Perobas

The land use conservation planning requires knowledge of the soil characteristics, natural susceptibility to erosion and the soil loss limit. In this context, the objectives of this study were to perform a detailed soil survey of Ribeirão das Perobas watershed, located in Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo State and to determine and map the erodibility and soil loss tolerance of the soil classes found in the survey. The following techniques were used to perform the detailed soil survey: photopedology, field sampling, physical analysis, chemical analysis, and morphological description of the soil samples and profiles. The erodibility was determined by the methods described by Denardin (1990) and Mannigel et al. (2002), and the determination of soil loss tolerance followed the methodology of Mannigel et al. (2002). The results of erodibility determined by the methodology of Denardin (1990) were not discrepant and they did not distinguish soils that are known to have different susceptibility to erosion., w\Whereas, using the methodology of Mannigel et al. (2002), very high or very low erodibility values were observed in soils with extreme contents of sand silt or clay. The most influent variable to the soil loss tolerance results was the correction factor for the textural gradient of clay between soil horizons.

Levantamento detalhado dos solos e a viticultura de precisão.

Os solos ocupam áreas e não meramente pontos, devendo ser estudados como entidades e, isto somente pode ser feito no campo onde podem ser integralmente observados em seu meio. O objetivo do levantamento detalhado dos solos nas parcelas A, B e E dos vinhedos Graciema e Leopoldina da vinícola Miolo foi o de determinar as características dos solos ali existentes, classificar os mesmos em unidades definidas no Sistema Taxonômico Brasileiro, de acordo com nomenclatura padronizada, estabelecer e locar seus limites sob um sistema de coordenadas além de prever e determinar sua adaptabilidade para diferentes produtos vinícolas. Foram descritos e coletados quatro perfis de solo, e coletadas 125 amostras de solo para análise de fertilidade. Também foi determinada a capacidade de armazenamento de água, a estabilidade de agregados em água, macro e micro porosidade, porosidade total, densidade do solo, frações grosseiras do solo, areia, silte e argila de cada horizonte do solo. Os Cambissolos apresentam alta saturação por bases, os Argissolos alta saturação por alumínio enquanto que os Neossolos além do alto conteúdo de carbono orgânico são muito pedregosos. A colheita e a vinificação da uva deverão ser feitas por classe de solo. Foram identificadas três classes taxonômicas (ordem) e dez unidades de mapeamento na escala 1:500.

Emprego da fluorescência de raios X por dispersão de energia para o mapeamento de troncos de árvores em Campinas, São Paulo

Dendrochemistry is based on the determination of elements retained in tree rings, which can be useful to characterize environmental occurrences. This work shows elemental mappings obtained by EDXRF of the cross section of a tree stem. The tree is originated from a polluted area in Campinas, São Paulo. Some profiles, as the sulfur one, show variations that can be attributed to external contributions, whereas the silicon one can be inferred to a protection defense natural mechanism. Besides being simultaneous and multielementar, the main advantages here are its performance through a non-destructive sample treatment and the ease of operation of XRF equipments.

Mapeamento de semeaduras de soja (Glycine max (L.)Merr.) mediante dados MODIS/Terra E TM/Landsat 5: um comparativo

The objective of this work was to compare the soybean crop mapping in the western of Parana State by MODIS/Terra and TM/Landsat 5 images. Firstly, it was generated a soybean crop mask using six TM images covering the crop season, which was used as a reference. The images were submitted to Parallelepiped and Maximum Likelihood digital classification algorithms, followed by visual inspection. Four MODIS images, covering the vegetative peak, were classified using the Parallelepiped method. The quality assessment of MODIS and TM classification was carried out through an Error Matrix, considering 100 sample points between soybean or not soybean, randomly allocated in each of the eight municipalities within the study area. The results showed that both the Overall Classification (OC) and the Kappa Index (KI) have produced values ranging from 0.55 to 0.80, considered good to very good performances, either in TM or MODIS images. When OC and KI, from both sensors were compared, it wasn't found no statistical difference between them. The soybean mapping, using MODIS, has produced 70% of reliance in terms of users. The main conclusion is that the mapping of soybean by MODIS is feasible, with the advantage to have better temporal resolution than Landsat, and to be available on the internet, free of charge.