Charles Sanders Peirce: ciência enquanto semiótica

O diagrama do signo, quando aplicado no entendimento da ciência, dá lugar a uma correlação original entre abdução, dedução e indução. A união da abdução e da dedução consiste numa Forma geral de possibilidade lógica. Enquanto que a indução estabelece, no decorrer da experiência, a razão de freqüência no universo dos fatos das conseqüências previstas na representação geral. Como uma construção formal, a ciência enquanto semiótica sustenta-se, mesmo tendo por objeto um universo do puro acaso. Todavia, no interior do conjunto total do sistema filosófico de Peirce, a ciência só adquire significado se corresponder à realidade da Natureza. A garantia desta correspondência estatisticamente relevante seria o fato de o instinto humano pertencer ao mesmo estágio de evolução do universo todo.

The music instinct: the evolutionary basis of musicality

Why does music pervade our lives and those of all known human beings living today and in the recent past? Why do we feel compelled to engage in musical activity, or at least simply enjoy listening to music even if we choose not to actively participate? I argue that this is because musicality—communication using variations in pitch, rhythm, dynamics and timbre, by a combination of the voice, body (as in dance), and material culture—was essential to the lives of our pre-linguistic hominin ancestors. As a consequence we have inherited a desire to engage with music, even if this has no adaptive benefit for us today as a species whose communication system is dominated by spoken language. In this article I provide a summary of the arguments to support this view.

Résumé analytique des observations de Frédéric Cuvier sur l'instinct et l'intelligence des animaux

par P. Flourens

Instinct and the unconscious; a contribution to a biological theory of the psycho-neuroses,

Mode of access: Internet.

Goldsmith's History of the earth, and animated nature. : With copious notes, containing all the new discoveries in the phenomena of nature, interspersed with numerous anecdotes of the lives, manners, and instinct of the animal kingdom ; selected from the most authentic sources /

Added engraved title pages

Histoire des moeurs et de l'instinct des animaux, avec les distributions méthodiques et naturelles de toutes leurs classes.

Mode of access: Internet.

Histoire des moeurs et de l'instinct des animaux, avec les distributions méthodiques et naturelles de toutes leurs classes.

Mode of access: Internet.

De l'instinct et de l'intelligence des animaux : résumé des observations de Frédéric Cuvier sur ce sujet /

Mode of access: Internet.

Études philosophiques sur l'instinct et l'intelligence des animaux /

Mode of access: Internet.

Souvenirs entomologiques ... Études sur l'instinct et les mœurs des insectes ...

"Mon école" (Autobiographical) v. 6, p. [46]-67.

Oiseaux voyageurs et poissons de passage. Étude comparée d'organisme, de moeurs et d'instinct,

Mode of access: Internet.

A question of instinct; an analytical study...

Mode of access: Internet.

Instinct displayed, in a collection of well-authenticated facts, exemplifying the extraordinary sagacity of various species of the animal creation.

Mode of access: Internet.