Valor nutritivo e estudo cinético do trato digestivo de dietas contendo grãos secos ou ensilados de sorgo de baixo e alto tanino para eqüinos

Quatro éguas sem raça definida (idade e peso corporal médios de seis anos e 400 kg) foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental em quadrado latino para se avaliar o valor nutritivo e o estudo cinético do trato digestivo de grãos secos ou ensilados de sorgo de baixo e alto conteúdos de tanino na alimentação de eqüinos. Os tratamentos consistiram de dietas contendo dois híbridos de grãos de sorgo (baixo e alto níveis de tanino) e dois métodos de conservação (secos e ensilados). As dietas foram isoprotéicas (12,4% PB), com ingestão diária de MS estabelecida em 1,5% PV (relação feno:concentrado de 50: 50). Os parâmetros de trânsito gastrintestinal avaliados foram: k1 (taxa de passagem pelo intestino grosso), k2 (taxa de passagem pelo estômago), TT (tempo de trânsito), TMR (tempo médio de retenção) e TMRT (tempo médio de retenção total). Os tratamentos não afetaram os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDa) da MS e do amido, cujos valores médios foram 54,04 e 98,91%, respectivamente. Verificou-se efeito benéfico da ensilagem dos grãos de sorgo de alto conteúdo de tanino sobre a digestibilidade da PB e FDN. A CDa da PB e FDN para a dieta contendo grãos secos de sorgo de alto teor de tanino foi de 49,76 e 32,20% e para as dietas com grãos de sorgo de baixo conteúdo de tanino (seco ou ensilado) e grãos ensilados de sorgo de alto teor de tanino foi de 65,63 e 43,32%, respectivamente. Obteve-se somente efeito do método de conservação dos grãos de sorgo (secos vs ensilados) sobre o TMR, em que o valor para as dietas com silagens de grãos ensilados e secos foi, respectivamente, de 40,08 e 37,9h. Concluiu-se que os grãos de sorgo secos de alto teor de tanino não devem ser usados como principal grão energético nos concentrados para eqüinos, por diminuírem a digestibilidade da proteína e fibra.

Influência da Motilidade Gastrintestinal no processo de desintegração de comprimidos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Digestibilidade aparente e trânsito gastrintestinal em tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), em função da fibra bruta da dieta

Os efeitos de diferentes níveis de fibra bruta na digestibilidade aparente e velocidade de trânsito gastrintestinal de tilápias do Nilo alimentadas com dietas purificadas fornecidas foram avaliados. Utilizaram-se cinco aquários circulares (250 L) para alimentação, dotados de sistema fechado de filtragem, reabastecimento e aquecimento da água, e cinco aquários de digestibilidade (100 L), dotados de sistema individual de filtragem, reabastecimento e aquecimento. Utilizaram-se 32 peixes por aquário, com peso inicial médio de 30,65 ± 0,50 g. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado caracterizado por cinco níveis de fibra bruta (2,5; 5,0; 7,5; 10,0 e 12,5%) e 5 repetições. Concluiu-se que níveis crescentes de fibra bruta, em dietas purificadas, interferem significativamente na digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, proteína bruta e do extrato etéreo. Níveis de até 5,00% de fibra bruta não diminuiu a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca e da proteína bruta e 7,50% de fibra bruta não diminuiu a digestibilidade aparente do extrato etéreo da dieta purificada pela tilápia do Nilo. Entretanto, o aumento do teor de fibra bruta da dieta diminui significativamente o tempo de trânsito gastrintestinal.

Trânsito gastrintestinal e digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes em eqüinos alimentados com dietas contendo grãos secos ou silagem de grãos úmidos de triticale

Cinco éguas mestiças (idade e peso corporal médios de seis anos e 480 kg PV) foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental em quadrado latino para se e avaliar a utilização de dietas contendo grãos de triticale (secos ou ensilados) em substituição ao milho na alimentação de eqüinos, por meio do ensaio de avaliação do trânsito gastrintestinal e da digestibilidade. Os tratamentos consistiram de três níveis de grãos de triticale em substituição aos grãos de milho (0, 50 e 100%) e duas formas de conservação dos grãos de triticale (secos ou ensilados). As dietas foram isoprotéicas (12,5% PB), com ingestão diária de MS pelos animais de 2,0% PV (relação volumoso : concentrado de 50:50). Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDa) da MS, MO, PB e FDN foram determinados indiretamente. Os parâmetros de trânsito gastrintestinal avaliados foram: k1 (taxa de passagem pelo intestino grosso), k2 (taxa de passagem pelo estômago), TT (tempo de trânsito), TMR (tempo médio de retenção) e TMRT (tempo médio de retenção total). Não houve diferença para os CDa da MS, MO, PB e FDN entre as dietas experimentais, observando-se valores médios de 64,31; 65,14; 74,13 e 57,25%, respectivamente. Considerando-se a cinética das fases sólida e líquida, notou-se efeito somente para k2 na fase sólida da digesta, cujo valor nas rações contendo 100% de triticale (seco ou ensilado) foi de 19,63%/h e na dieta controle (0% de triticale), de 23,72%/h. Observou-se efeito linear crescente para o TT na fase sólida da digesta, com a elevação dos níveis de substituição dos grãos de milho pelos grãos de triticale ensilados. Concluiu-se que os concentrados para eqüinos podem ser formulados com grãos de triticale secos ou ensilados em substituição total ao milho. A inclusão de grãos de triticale na alimentação desta espécie animal promoveu trânsito lento da fase sólida da digesta.

Digestibilidade e tempo de trânsito gastrintestinal de dietas contendo níveis crescentes de fibra bruta para pacu

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary fiber levels on the digestibility and gastrointestinal transit time (GTT) for pacu. The digestibility trial used 288 pacu in a completely randomized design, fed in aquaria and transferred to a modified Guelf-type feces collector, using the partial sampling method. The inert marker on the diets was chromic oxide (1%) to establish the diet digestibility. In the GTT assay, 288 pacu were distributed in 24 aquaria in a completely randomized design. Fish were fed with two colored diets - green and white - and feces color was determined after abdominal pressure. The white and green diets used 1% of titanium and chromic oxides, respectively. Total GTT was determined when all fish showed green feces. The apparent digestibility coefficients and GTT of diets decreased as dietary fiber levels increased. These results indicated that 9% dietary fiber can be used in pacu diets without negative effects on energy, protein, crude fiber and ether extract digestibility and GTT.

Biosusceptometria de corrente alternada para avaliação de esvaziamento gástrico e trânsito gastrintestinal

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Instrumento e método para adquirir sinais e imagens do trato gastrintestinal

This invention relates to an apparatus and method for improving detection by equipment used to detect magnetic susceptibility. The advantages provided are related to different factors, such as reduced instrumentation cost, performance in terms of stability and sensitivity, etc. The devices may be used, for example, to detect magnetic tracers and markers in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans. They can be used in research and/or for diagnostic purposes using information related to a variety of parameters of the gastrointestinal tract, such as, pharyngeal and oesophageal transit time, gastric emptying and motility, colonic motility, inter alia.

Biosusceptometria de corrente alternada para avaliação do trânsito gastrintestinal de alimentos líquidos em ratos

The gastrointestinal tract is the main route of nutrients absorption and drugs delivery. Is important to know the parameters related to the tract, like gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit, in order to better understand the behavior of different kind of meals or drugs passing through the GIT. Many techniques are used to study these parameters, such as manometry, scintigraphy, phenol red, activated charcoal and carbon-13 reading. However, these methods use radiation, are invasive and require animal sacrifice. As an alternative proposal, the Alternate Current Biosusceptometry (ACB), a magnetic technique, has proved to be effective for these studies with small animals, in a noninvasive way, low cost, radiation free and avoiding the animal death. Associating the ACB to magnetic micro or nanoparticles used as tracers, it is possible to observe the meal behavior inside of the GIT. Focusing meanly on liquid meals digestion, this paper had the objective to evaluate the efficiency of the ACB technique in gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit evaluation of liquid meals in rats. To perform the experiments, magnetic nanoparticles (ferrite, MgFe2O4) were used on a 1,5 ml solution introduced by gavage on similar weight and age rats. The sensor made by 2 pairs of coils, capable of generating and detecting magnetic fields, creates a field on the interest place and when this field is in contact with the marked meal, it changes, resulting on a variation of the measured voltage. The voltage variation is analyzed and is obtained a particle concentration on the interest region. The results showed that is possible to apply the ACB technique on the GIT evaluation of liquid particles digestion, gastric emptying and meal cecum arrival time curves were obtained and from that, is possible to observe a pattern of gastrointestinal transit. Both mean process time values were acquired, proving the technique capability of ...

Avaliação da motilidade e do trânsito gastrintestinal de equinos após injeção epidural de morfina ou tramadol

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Influência da Motilidade Gastrintestinal no processo de desintegração de comprimidos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission XIII. CoRoT-13b: a dense hot Jupiter in transit around a star with solar metallicity and super-solar lithium content

We announce the discovery of the transiting planet CoRoT-13b. Ground-based follow-up in CFHT and IAC80 confirmed CoRoT's observations. The mass of the planet was measured with the HARPS spectrograph and the properties of the host star were obtained analyzing HIRES spectra from the Keck telescope. It is a hot Jupiter-like planet with an orbital period of 4.04 days, 1.3 Jupiter masses, 0.9 Jupiter radii, and a density of 2.34 g cm(-3). It orbits a G0V star with T(eff) = 5 945 K, M(*) = 1.09 M(circle dot), R(*) = 1.01 R(circle dot), solar metallicity, a lithium content of +1.45 dex, and an estimated age of between 0.12 and 3.15 Gyr. The lithium abundance of the star is consistent with its effective temperature, activity level, and age range derived from the stellar analysis. The density of the planet is extreme for its mass, implies that heavy elements are present with a mass of between about 140 and 300 M(circle plus).

Planetary transit candidates in Corot-IRa01 field

Context. CoRoT is a pioneering space mission devoted to the analysis of stellar variability and the photometric detection of extrasolar planets. Aims. We present the list of planetary transit candidates detected in the first field observed by CoRoT, IRa01, the initial run toward the Galactic anticenter, which lasted for 60 days. Methods. We analysed 3898 sources in the coloured bands and 5974 in the monochromatic band. Instrumental noise and stellar variability were taken into account using detrending tools before applying various transit search algorithms. Results. Fifty sources were classified as planetary transit candidates and the most reliable 40 detections were declared targets for follow-up ground-based observations. Two of these targets have so far been confirmed as planets, CoRoT-1b and CoRoT-4b, for which a complete characterization and specific studies were performed.

A Step-by-Step Approach to Transit Oriented Development Project Delivery

A major challenge in successfully implementing transit-oriented development (TOD) is having a robust process that ensures effective appraisal, initiation and delivery of multi-stakeholder TOD projects. A step-by step project development process can assist in the methodic design, evaluation, and initiation of TOD projects. Successful TOD requires attention to transit, mixed-use development and public space. Brisbane, Australia provides a case-study where recent planning policies and infrastructure documents have laid a foundation for TOD, but where barriers lie in precinct level planning and project implementation. In this context and perhaps in others, the research effort needs to shift toward identification of appropriate project processes and strategies. This paper presents the outcomes of research conducted to date. Drawing on the mainstream approach to project development and financial evaluation for property projects, key steps for potential use in successful delivery of TOD projects have been identified, including: establish the framework; location selection; precinct context review; preliminary precinct design; the initial financial viability study; the decision stage; establishment of project structure; land acquisition; development application; and project delivery. The appropriateness of this mainstream development and appraisal process will be tested through stakeholder research, and the proposed process will then be refined for adoption in TOD projects. It is suggested that the criteria for successful TOD should be broadened beyond financial concerns in order to deliver public sector support for project initiation.

Metabolite mean transit times in the liver as predicted by various models of hepatic elimination

Predicted area under curve (AUC), mean transit time (MTT) and normalized variance (CV2) data have been compared for parent compound and generated metabolite following an impulse input into the liver, Models studied were the well-stirred (tank) model, tube model, a distributed tube model, dispersion model (Danckwerts and mixed boundary conditions) and tanks-in-series model. It is well known that discrimination between models for a parent solute is greatest when the parent solute is highly extracted by the liver. With the metabolite, greatest model differences for MTT and CV2 occur when parent solute is poorly extracted. In all cases the predictions of the distributed tube, dispersion, and tasks-in-series models are between the predictions of the rank and tube models. The dispersion model with mixed boundary conditions yields identical predictions to those for the distributed tube model (assuming an inverse gaussian distribution of tube transit times). The dispersion model with Danckwerts boundary conditions and the tanks-in series models give similar predictions to the dispersion (mixed boundary conditions) and the distributed tube. The normalized variance for parent compound is dependent upon hepatocyte permeability only within a distinct range of permeability values. This range is similar for each model but the order of magnitude predicted for normalized variance is model dependent. Only for a one-compartment system is the MIT for generated metabolite equal to the sum of MTTs for the parent compound and preformed metabolite administered as parent.