A note on the measurement of travel times using bender and extender elements

By using the bender and extender elements tests, the travel times of the shear (S) and the primary (P) waves were measured for dry sand samples at different relative densities and effective confining pressures. Three methods of interpretations, namely, (i) the first time of arrival, (ii) the first peak to peak, and (iii) the cross-correlation method, were employed. All the methods provide almost a unique answer associated with the P-wave measurements. On contrary, a difference was noted in the arrival times obtained from the different methods for the S-wave due to the near field effect. The resonant column tests in the torsional mode were also performed to check indirectly the travel time of the shear wave. The study reveals that as compared to the S-wave, it is more reliable to depend on the arrival times' measurement for the P-wave. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A note on the measurement of travel times using bender and extender elements

By using the bender and extender elements tests, the travel times of the shear (S) and the primary (P) waves were measured for dry sand samples at different relative densities and effective confining pressures. Three methods of interpretations, namely, (i) the first time of arrival, (ii) the first peak to peak, and (iii) the cross-correlation method, were employed. All the methods provide almost a unique answer associated with the P-wave measurements. On contrary, a difference was noted in the arrival times obtained from the different methods for the S-wave due to the near field effect. The resonant column tests in the torsional mode were also performed to check indirectly the travel time of the shear wave. The study reveals that as compared to the S-wave, it is more reliable to depend on the arrival times’ measurement for the P-wave.

Effect of relative density and confining pressure on Poisson ratio from bender and extender elements tests

By using the bender and extender elements tests, together with measurements of the travel times of shear (S) and primary (P) waves, the variation of Poisson ratio (nu) was determined for dry sands with respect to changes in relative densities and effective confining pressures (sigma(3)). The tests were performed for three different ranges of particle sizes. The magnitude of the Poisson ratio decreases invariably with an increase in both the relative density and the effective confining pressure. The effect of the confining pressure on the Poisson ratio was found to become relatively more significant for fine-grained sand as compared with the coarse-grained sand. For a given material, at a particular value of sigma(3), the magnitude of the Poisson ratio decreases, almost in a linear fashion, with an increase in the value of maximum shear modulus (G(max)). The two widely used correlations in literature, providing the relationships among G(max), void ratio (e) and effective confining pressure (sigma(3)), applicable for angular granular materials, were found to compare reasonably well with the present experimental data for the fine- and medium-grained sands. However, for the coarse-grained sand, these correlations tend to overestimate the values of G(max).

Cryopreservation of cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) spermatozoa in a chemically defined extender

Aim: To establish a method for cynomolgus monkey sperm cryopreservation in a chemically defined extender. Methods: Semen samples were collected by electro-ejaculation from four sexually mature male cynomolgus monkeys. The spermatozoa were frozen in straws by liquid nitrogen vapor using egg-yolk-free Tes-Tris (mTTE) synthetic extender and glycerol as cryoprotectant. The effects of glycerol concentration (1%,3%, 5%, 10% and 15% [v/v]) and its equilibration time (10 min, 30 min, 60 min and 90 min) on post-thaw spermatozoa were examined by sperm motility and sperm head membrane integrity. Results: The post-thaw motility and head membrane integrity of spermatozoa were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for 5% glycerol (42.95 +/- 2.55 and 50.39 +/- 2.42, respectively) than those of the other groups (1%: 19.19 +/- 3.22 and 24.84 +/- 3.64; 3%: 34.23 +/- 3.43 and 41.37 +/- 3.42; 10%: 15.68 +/- 2.36 and 21.39 +/- 3.14; 15%: 7.47 +/- 1.44 and 12.90 +/- 2.18). The parameters for 30 min equilibration (42.95 2.55 and 50.39 2.42) were better (P < 0.05) than those of the other groups (10 min: 31.33 +/- 3.06 and 38. 98 +/- 3.31; 60 min: 32.49 +/- 3.86 and 40.01 +/- 4.18; 90 min: 31.16 +/- 3.66 and 38.30 +/- 3.78). Five percent glycerol and 30 min equilibration yielded the highest post-thaw sperm motility and head membrane integrity. Conclusion: Cynomolgus monkey spermatozoa can be successfully cryopreserved in a chemically defined extender, which is related to the concentration and the equilibration time of glycerol.

SantaMaría de Guadalupe, patrona de los mexicanos : la verdad sobre la aparición de la Virgen del Tepeyac, opúsculo escrito por X para extender el amor y el culto de Ntra. Sra. ...

UANL

Educación y Ciencia extenderá este curso el programa PAPÁS.

Se extiende el programa PAPÁS de forma experimental en distintos centros de Castilla-La Mancha. El programa es un canal de información y comunicación personalizado entre los padres, los alumnos, los profesores y los centros a través de Internet, su fin es el de ofrecer a los padres una información detallada de la vida escolar de sus hijos.

El Servicio Regional de Préstamo a Clubes de Lectura : una oportunidad para extender los clubes más allá de las bibliotecas.

Explicación de las características del Servicio Regional de Préstamo a Clubes de Lectura de Castilla-La Mancha. Se pretende acercar la lectura a la sociedad y a los centros docentes, mediante la formación de grupos de personas que lean al mismo tiempo un libro y, posteriormente, lo comenten.

Projeto de um DB2 extender para suporte aos conceitos de tempo e versão

A utilização de versões permite o armazenamento de diferentes alternativas de projeto no desenvolvimento de uma aplicação. Entretanto, nem todo o histórico das alterações aplicadas sobre os dados é registrado. Modificações importantes podem ser realizadas e os valores anteriores são perdidos. O histórico completo somente é acessível através da junção de versões com um modelo temporal. Os conceitos de tempo e de versão aplicados em conjunto possibilitam a modelagem de aplicações complexas. Uma extensão que implemente simultaneamente estes dois conceitos em um banco de dados comercial não está disponível. O Modelo Temporal de Versões (TVM – Temporal Version Model) fornece a base para esta funcionalidade. O objetivo deste trabalho é projetar um extender para oferecer suporte aos conceitos de tempo e versão no sistema DB2, utilizando como base o TVM. A extensão engloba o mapeamento da hierarquia do TVM; a criação de tabelas administrativas; procedimentos para especificação das classes, atributos e relacionamentos; a definição de gatilhos e restrições para a manipulação dos dados diretamente nas tabelas criadas; e a especificação de procedimentos e UDFs para controle de versões e valores temporais e de outras UDFs que permitem consultas envolvendo os dois conceitos. Apesar do SGBD não ser totalmente orientado a objetos, como é definido no modelo utilizado (TVM), oferece mecanismos que permitem o mapeamento para um modelo objetorelacional. Através da utilização desta extensão, a união de tempo e de versões pode ser utilizada em aplicações reais.

Motility and viability of ram sperm cryopreserved in a Tris-egg yolk extender supplemented with anti-oxidants

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)