Panels Produced from Thermoplastic Composites Reinforced with Peach Palm Fibers for Use in the Civil Construction and Furniture Industry

In order to cooperate in minimizing the problems of the current and growing volume of waste, this work aim at the production of panels made from industrial waste -thermoplastic (polypropylene; polyethylene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) reinforced with agro-industrial waste - peach palm waste (shells and sheaths). The properties of the panels like density, thickness swelling, water absorption and moisture content were evaluated using the ASTM D1037; EN 317; and ANSI A208.1 standards regarding particle boards. Good results were obtained with formulations of 100% plastic waste; 70% waste plastics and 30% peach palm waste; and 60% waste plastics and 40% peach palm waste.

Alternatives Panels from Waste Plastics Reinforced With Fibers of Pupunha Palm for Use in Civil Construction and Furniture Industry

In order to cooperate in minimizing the problems of the current and growing volume of waste, this work aims at the production of panels made from industrial waste -thermoplastic (Polypropylene - PP; Polyethylene - PE and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene - ABS) reinforced with agro-industrial waste - pupunha palm waste (shells and sheaths). The properties of the panels were evaluated: density, thickness swelling, water absorption and moisture content. It was used the ASTM D1037; EN 317; and ANSI A208.1 standards regarding particle boards. The best results in physical tests were treatments 1 (100% waste plastic), 6 (60% plastic waste and 40% waste of pupunha) and 7 (70% waste plastic and 30% waste of pupunha). The best results in the mechanical tests were treatments 3 (30% de residuos plasticos e 70% de residuos da pupunha), 4 (40% de residuos plasticos c 60% de residuos da pupunha) and 5 (50% de residuos plasticos e 50% de residuos da pupunha). For mechanical tests it was concluded that the results of modulus of rupture and of modulus of elasticity the best treatments were those with more fibers. In the tensile tests perpendicular to the surface, it is clear that using more waste plastics leads to the best results. It was concluded that the waste can be used as raw material for the production of alternative materials mainly in civil construction and furniture industries, and it can be employed in urban or rural environment, given the concept of eco-efficient products.

The formation of the professionals for the timber industrial sector of the civil construction

The common point between the two forms of production of the wood-based sector in Brazil, one practically manufacturing and the other high technology, is in the qualification of the of the labor. In both cases, the professionals are being formed directly in the productive line and rarely with qualification in the academic area. There is not a public political education for the qualification of the labor, and the work market that does not demand qualified professionals, contributes for the sector stagnation. So, in order to excel the socio-cultural barriers in relation to the use of wood in the buildings, new attitudes are necessary in the teaching of the contents of the curricular programs, mainly, in formation of the architect and civil engineering.

Bamboo as sustainable material used in design and civil construction: species, management, characterization and applications

The use of bamboo as construction and raw material for producing products can be considered a feasible alternative to the abusive use of steel, concrete and oil byproducts. Its use can also reduce the pressure on the use of wood from native and planted forests. Although there are thousands of bamboo species spread about the world and Brazil itself has hundreds of native species, the use and basic knowledge of its characteristics and applications are still little known and little disseminated. This paper's main objective is to introduce the species, the management phases, the physical and mechanical characteristics and the experiences in using bamboo in design and civil construction as per the Bamboo Project implemented at UNESP, Bauru campus since 1994. The results are divided into: a) Field activities - description of the technological species of interest, production chain flows, types of preservative treatments and clump management practices for the development, adaptation and production of different species of culms; b) Lab experiments - physical and mechanical characterization of culms processed as laminated strips and as composite material (glue laminated bamboo – glubam); c) Uses in projects - experiences with natural bamboo and glubam in design, architecture and civil construction projects. In the final remarks, the study aims to demonstrate, through practical and laboratory results, the material's multi-functionality and the feasibility in using bamboo as a sustainable material.

Recycling residues from the pulp and paper industries in the civil construction

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Work Precariousness and Risk of Accidents in Civil Construction: A study based on the Collective Work Analysis

This paper aims to describe the construction workers' activities, as well as their perceptions about risks and workload. The study, based on the Collective Work Analysis, is part of a broader public policies project for the improvement of SIVAT (Surveillance System of Work Accidents) - in the city of Piracicaba (Southeastern Brazil). Civil construction was prioritized given the epidemiological magnitude of the occurrence of work accidents and the limited efficacy of traditional surveillance initiatives in this sector due to informal employment practices, outsourcing, high staff turnover, etc. The workers have a high level of awareness concerning the risk of accidents, but they believe that the main preventive measures hinder or even make it impossible for them to carry out the tasks. Our findings question the efficacy of traditional training for adherence to safety practices, thus highlighting the need for a transformative pedagogy for preventive practices and the health promotion of workers.

Sistema integrado de gestão da qualidade, ambiente, segurança e saúde: uma proposta para o setor da construção civil

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão Integrada da Qualidade, Ambiente e Segurança

Projeto de um sistema de informação para o gerenciamento de obras de construção civil

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo propor e estruturar uma ferramenta de apoio gerencial que efetive a Gerência do processo Construção Civil ao nível da Obra. Para tanto, analisou-se como se desenvolve a Gerência: Planejamento, Programação e Controle. A partir daí modelou-se o processo Construção Civil como processo produtivo. A consideração, no contexto da Construção civil, das citadas três etapas da Gerência, juntamente com a consideração de conceitos atualizados sobre Sistemas de Informações Gerenciais nortearam a proposição, o projeto e a implementação de um Sistema de Informações para o Gerenciamento de Obras - SIGOB. O sistema proposto é apresentado em detalhes neste trabalho.

Determinação de indicadores de qualidade para avaliação do processo de gestão de pequenas e médias empresas do setor de construção civil habitacional

A escolha do tema ficou circunscrita ao subsetor de construção habitacional, que é caracterizado pela presença de pequenas e médias empresas. A consolidação de grandes empresas neste ramo de atividades tende a ocorrer sobretudo em conjunturas onde através da intervenção estatal são definidos programas habitacionais de grande escala que requerem das empresas participantes de maior volume de capital e o acesso a tecnologias mais sofisticadas. A importância da pequena empresa neste ramo de atividades pode ser notada atraves da experiência dos países da Comunidade Econômica Europeia, que em 1985 de um total de mais de um milhão de empresas de construção, 90% tinham até 10 empregados. Igual situação se verifica nos Estados Unidos da América onde conforme dados de 1965, também 90 % das 875.000 empresas então existentes no país empregavam menos de 10 pessoas (ONU, 1987). De uma maneira geral a importância do tema fica evidente quando se analisa o peso do setor da construção civil na economia nacional, que se situa em torno de 5% do PIB nos países industrializados, enquanto que nos países de industrialização recente, este percentual pode atingir o índice de 7% (PNU, op.cit.). Tal constatação evidencia que a indústria da construção representa o principal item na composição dos investimentos (formação bruta de capital fixo) das contas nacionais de diversos países, apresentando uma participação relativa quase sempre superior a 55% nos países industrializados e 60% nos países de industrialização recente (ONU, op.cit.). No Brasil tal importância se confirma pelo valor adicionado do setor habitacional correspondente a 2,2% do PIB, e numa visão mais abrangente, dentro dos contornos da indústria da construção civil como um todo, representando cerca de 7,3% do PIB (FIBGE, 1988). Quanto a questão da mão-de-obra, em que pese a ausência de dados no Brasil, e bastante visível sua larga influência na economia atuando como um ramo de atividades multiplicador de alocação de pessoal, principalmente a nível de utilização intensiva de mão-de-obra menos qualificada. Enquanto nos EEUU e CEE 90% das empresas constituíam-se de organizações com menos de 10 empregados, no Brasil onde há ausência de dados oficiais a respeito, na pior das hipóteses pode-se estimar que este percentual pode variar entre 50 a 70% do total de empresas, o que não deixa de ser um dado de extrema magnitude. Foram exatamente a expressão destes números, sem considerar o déficit habitacional em torno de 10 milhões de pessoas, um terço da população, moram em condições inadequadas (Exame, 1991), que influenciaram fortemente a escolha do tema da presente proposta de Tese.

O peão e o acidente de trabalho na construção civil do Rio de Janeiro: elementos para uma avaliação do papel da educação nas classes trabalhadoras

This dissertation seeks to identify specifications bu which the Subsection cf Buildings c f the Civil Construction os Rio de Janeiro could be improved. It attempt to determine the factors that make construction workers both victims of accidents, as well as the cause of these accidents. It a150 seeks t o identify the means af the capitalist way that as the producer specific kind af society, creates this type af invisible of a worker. Further more, to verify the violent ar disguised ways, that lead the worker to have a guilty consclence relative to himself and to the other workers , and maklng him feel responsible even for accident - related deaths on the job. A revolting factor is that malnutrition and endemic hunger, are in large part responsible for accidents at work in the capitalist production system, ln which production relations are still primitive. Therefore, the accidents at work are a product of society, especially caused by conditions in the construction sector . This fac 19 often masked, and responsibility is put on the worker ln 77,5~ of work related accident . Under these specific working conditions the cumulative overtime hours of work and tasks make the rythm and working hours extreme and overburdensome. The large and modern firms subcantract to smoller construc~i ns firms who have more dangeraus working condictions which result in more frequent and mayor accidents. These are not computed in the statistics of the large firms and the workers of the subcontractors do not appear on the builging construction lists, and are therefore a non - existent entities. Even opressed, the workers still continue to work under these conditions mak1ng there resistence a form af struggle. The Education that intends to be transformed in to an instrument of the workers struggle, should stimulated the participation in the daily educational and political practices and try to reconstructed what the dominant knowledge has fragmented: the ptoduction of existence as an integrated whole.

Os efeitos da descontinuidade das entradas de caixa numa empresa de construção civil de grande porte

Este estudo está inserido num tópico que têm recebido muita atenção por parte da literatura financeira atualmente, principalmente porque, a partir da publicação da lei 11 .308 de 13 de julho de 2007, tomou obrigatorio a puplicação da demonstração do fluxo de caixa, em substituíçaõ da à demonstração das origens e aplicação dos recursos. O fluxo de caixa deve ser tratado como um grande instrumento gerencial que permite identificar a maneira como o dinheiro circula na empresa, ou seja identifica qual é o grau de liquidez, mostrando a posição financeira da empresa de maneira a estabelecer tendências sobre as eventuais sobras ou falta de recursos. A finalidade do fluxo de caixa realizado é mostrar como se comportaram as entradas e as saídas de recursos financeiros da empresa em detenninado penodo. O estudo cuidadoso do fluxo de caIxa realizado, além de propicIar análise de tendência, serve de base para o planejamento do fluxo projetado. O objetivo principal do estudo é fazer uma análise do volume de perdas financeiras ao longo do período compreendido entre 1996 a 2008. As perdas financeiras que nos referimos, ocorreram devido ao atraso de pagamento por parte do cliente gerando a necessidade de aumento do capital de giro, causado pela grande diferença de prazo entre o ciclo de caixa projetado (ideal) comparado ao ciclo de caixa real. O presente trabalho foi realizado em uma empresa de grande porte no setor da construção civil. O trabalho realizado foi o de comparar o ciclo de caixa planejado versus o ciclo de caixa real, determinando assim o montante de perdas financeiras que foi de R$ 48,46 milhões de reais atualizados para o final do período analisado, representando uma redução da rentabilidade em 3,26%. Palavras-chave: Fluxo de caixa. Capital de giro. Ciclo de caixa projetado. Ciclo de caixa real.

Contratação de Gerentes de Projetos: relevância da certificação PMP na Construção Civil

The goal of the study was to understand the relevance of the PMP certification – Project Management Professional in the hiring process of managers within the civil construction field. In order to achieve this goal a qualitative research with interviews in 11 companies was conducted. Common patters in the hiring process of project managers in the civil construction companies were observed. Although, opposite to what previous research had shown, in this field the PMP certification is not a required hiring criteria for project managers. According to the companies the tools and knowledge proposed by PMI institute are considered as important after managers had been hired. From evidence that the nature of the activity and the organizational structure chosen by the specific company influence in the hiring criteria and also in the success of the projects, a research agenda is suggested.

Desenvolvimento de cerâmica vermelha utilizando rejeitos da construção civil

The Industry of the Civil Construction has been one of the sectors that most contribute to the pollution of the environment, due to the great amount of residues generated by the construction, demolition and the extraction of raw material. As a way of minimizing the environmental impacts generated by this industry, some governmental organizations have elaborated laws and measures about the disposal of residues from the building construction (CONAMA - resolution 307). This work has as objective the reutilization of residues compound of sand, concrete, cement, red bricks and blocks of cement and mortar for the production of red ceramic, with the objective of minimizing costs and environmental impacts. The investigated samples contained 0% to 50% of residues in weight, and they were sintered at temperatures of 950°C, 1000°C, 1050°C, 1100°C and 1150°C. After the sinterization, the samples were submitted to tests of absorption of water, linear retraction, resistance to bending, apparent porosity, specific density, XRD and SEM. Satisfactory results were obtained in all studied compositions, with the possible incorporation of up to 50% of residues in ceramic mass without great losses in the mechanical strength, giving better results to the incorporation of 30% of residues in the fabrication of ceramic parts, such as roofing tiles, bricks masonry and pierced bricks

Método de avaliação do gerenciamento de resíduos em canteiro de obras da construção civil : proposta baseada em empresas construtoras da cidade de Natal-RN

According to great concern between the developed industrial activities and resultant impacts over the environment, an association of several factors have occurred, procedures to the efficient management of the rotation between economical development and the environment have been improved. A research in field have been realized inside building sites of companies in order to provide knowledge about the implemented and accomplish actions according to the resolution from CONAMA nº307. Trough the interview among the representations of the companies and photographic survey in loco, such as, what makes the companies implement this management, reutilization and recycling, transport and disposition. The present study had as objective: analyze the insertion of the used tools to residuals management, proposing improvements, in a way that it can be easily identified during the procedures execution in the building sites of the building companies of the city of Natal/RN. To reach the goal, in the first place a revision of the pertinent literature was performed; there for, it can be seen the relation between residues management and environment sustainability, once it happens in a continued way it may prevent the waste and reduces the risk that the activities way bring to the employees, community and environment; once found the great difficult faced with regard to labors, material, equipment, project, planning, costumer s interference, furnisher. And still, it could be verified wich materials generate greater indexes of residues in the works and the main occurrences of waste and loss. However a greater transparency is needed coming from the high administration in the commitment with the continued actions, to make it so, there must be a cultural change inside the company. There for there will be a greater productivity and quality of the under taking such as costumer s satisfaction

Gestão ambiental e competitividade no setor da construção civil :um estudo sobre a aceitabilidade de práticas ambientais no mercado imobiliário

This work investigates the importance of Eco-Materiais applied in the civil construction and the necessity of knowledge of the real estate market, showing the importance of application of recycled products where inserted inside of a bigger scope of the sustainable development which has the subjects as the ambient management. In the theoretical referencial boarded the recycled and perfectly ecological products that demonstrate the applicability of this type of products in the sector of the civil construction, beyond the economic and social placesThe main popouse of the real estate sector is to show the awareness and demonstration in the negotiation of property constructed with these products, therefore, already it is practised by the market of the civil construction where much time sao commercialized by real estate and the its correctors lacking in same knowledge that is more deepened on these materials, having this evidence been made with statistical application of questionnaire and analyzed with base. We finish showing the statistical results with application of 142 questionnaires in a universe of 145 real estate from Natal/RN. With this, we may say that today exists a very strong concern with the environmental laws and the generated ambient impact in the civil construction and that the real estate sector has a feeling that the necessity of if inserting in this process, therefore, the real estate market in our State is in expansion and sensible to the necessity of changes, since the Natal/RN meets in the script of the tourism the International demanding of the professional that a globalized knowledge works with property, so the necessity of understanding the environmental laws and understanding application of the echo-materias used in the construction will give a better quality of life and at the same time to protect the nature