Theory of electron transfer processes via chemisorbed intermediates: Part II. Current-potential characteristics

Current-potential characteristics are obtained numerically for a lone-adsorbate-mediated anodic charge transfer at the electrode-solution interface. An increase in the overpotential leads to the appearance of maxima in the anodic current-potential plots instead of the extended activationless region (i.e. a saturation current at large positive overpotentials) predicted by the direct heterogeneous outer-sphere anodic charge transfer process. A detailed analysis of the dependence of current-potential profiles and other kinetic parameters on various system parameters is also presented.

Embedded Thin Film Resistors on BCB by Low-Cost PWB Compatible Electroless Plating by Direct Foil Lamination Transfer Processes

Benzocyclobutene (BCB) has been proposed as a board level dielectric for advanced system-on-package (SOP) module primarily due to its attractive low-loss (for RF application) and thin film (for high density wiring) properties. Realization of embedded resistors on low loss benzocyclobutene (dielectric loss ~0.0008 at > 40 GHz) has been explored in this study. Two approaches, viz, foil transfer and electroless plating have been attempted for deposition of thin film resistors on benzocyclobutene (BCB). Ni-P alloys were plated using conventional electroless plating, and NiCr and NiCrAlSi foils were used for the foil transfer process. This paper reports NiP and NiWP electroless plated embedded resistors on BCB dielectric for the first time in the literature

Molecular Antennas and Photoactive Nanomaterials based on Energy Transfer Processes

110 p.

Direct observation of coherent spin transfer processes in an InGaAs/GaAs quantum well via two-color time-resolved Kerr rotation measurements

A two-color time-resolved Kerr rotation spectroscopy system was built, with a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser and a photonic crystal fiber, to study coherent spin transfer processes in an InGaAs/GaAs quantum well sample. The femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser plays two roles: besides providing a pump beam with a tunable wavelength, it also excites the photonic crystal fiber to generate supercontinuum light ranging from 500 nm to 1600 nm, from which a probe beam with a desirable wavelength is selected with a suitable interference filter. With such a system, we studied spin transfer processes between two semiconductors of different gaps in an InGaAs/GaAs quantum well sample. We found that electron spins generated in the GaAs barrier were transferred coherently into the InGaAs quantum well. A model based on rate equations and Bloch-Torrey equations is used to describe the coherent spin transfer processes quantitatively. With this model, we obtain an effective electron spin accumulation time of 21 ps in the InGaAs quantum well.

A nonmonotonic dependence of standard rate constant on reorganization energy for heterogeneous electron transfer processes on electrode surface

In the present work a nonmonotonic dependence of standard rate constant (k(0)) on reorganization energy (lambda) was discovered qualitatively from electron transfer (Marcus-Hush-Levich) theory for heterogeneous electron transfer processes on electrode surface. It was found that the nonmonotonic dependence of k(0) on lambda is another result, besides the disappearance of the famous Marcus inverted region, coming from the continuum of electronic states in electrode: with the increase of lambda, the states for both Process I and Process II ET processes all vary from nonadiabatic to adiabatic state continuously, and the lambda dependence of k(0) for Process I is monotonic thoroughly, while for Process II on electrode surface the lambda dependence of k(0) could show a nonmonotonicity.

P-6(7/2)-excited-state decay mechanism and energy-transfer processes in KMgF3 : Eu2+ and KMgF3 : EuX (X = Gd, Ce, Cr)

A four-level decay model in KMgF3:Eu2+ is proposed. The decay profiles of the P-6(7/2) excited state of Eu2+ are biexponential, and the physical implication of each term in the fit equation responsible for the model is interpreted. The evidence obtained spectroscopically for supporting the model is presented. A new method to study energy transfer between Eu2+ and X3+ in KMgF3:Eu-X (X = Gd, Ce, Cr) is established on the basis of the proposed model.

Cross-Kerr-based information transfer processes

The realization of nonclassical states is an important task for many applications of quantum information processing. Usually, properly tailored interactions, different from goal to goal, are considered in order to accomplish specific tasks within the general framework of quantum state engineering. In this paper, we remark on the flexibility of a cross-Kerr nonlinear coupling in hybrid systems as an important ingredient in the engineering of nonclassical states. The general scenario we consider is the implementation of high cross-Kerr nonlinearity in cavity-quantum electrodynamics. In this context, we discuss the possibility of performing entanglement transfer and swapping between matter qubits and light fields initially prepared in separable coherent states. The recently introduced concept of entanglement reciprocation is also considered and shown to be possible with our scheme. We reinterpret some of our results in terms of applications of a generalized Ising interaction to systems of different nature.

Reactivity difference between protolytic forms of some macrocyclic chromium(III) complexes in ligand substitution and electron transfer processes

The review provides insight into the mechanism of ligand substitution and electron transfer (from chromium(III) to iron(III)) by comparison of the reactivity of some tetraazamacrocyclic chromium(III) complexes in the conjugate acid-base forms. Use of two geometrical isomers made possible to estimate the influence of geometry and protolytic reactions in trans and cis position towards the leaving group on the rate enhancement. Studies on the reaction rates in different media demonstrated the role played by outer sphere interactions in a monodentate ligand substitution. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.