996 resultados para Toxicidade - Testes


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

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Contamination of rivers and lakes, waste disposed by infiltration into the soil as fertilizer, for example, has been highlighted around the world, since such compounds can contain toxic elements, causing changes in aquatic and/or terrestrial ecosystem. Due to the possible presence of these elements in these wastes, it is possible assess damage to organisms exposed through breaks in genetic material and mutations. In this sense, this work aimed at exploring the cytotoxic, mutagenic and genotoxic vinasse pontential, residue used as fertilizer, from the processing of sugar cane into alcohol, using fish (Oreochromis niloticus - Cichlidae) as a test organism. The individuals were exposed to different dilutions of vinasse in the water and later carried out analysis of their erythrocytes using the micronucleus test and nuclear abnormalities associated and the comet assay. In the first bioassay, tilapia exhibited 5% and 10% vinasse concentrations died after 48h. The number of micronucleated erythrocytes was statistically significant for the 1% vinasse concentration and also for nuclear abnormalities such as broken-egg and nuclear bud, when compared with negative and positive controls; were also significant lobed type erythrocytes, when compared to the negative control. The test results of the comet assay were not significant for 1% vinasse when compared to the negative control, due to the high rate of comets with damage control, which is unusual. The same was observed for changes as notched and blebbed type. In the second chemical analyzes conducted, the detection of heavy metals in the vinasse sample, charged only the presence of copper and chromium, the latter with a concentration 89 times higher than in the first test. Differentially the first bioassay, fish exposed to dilution of 5% did not die... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Ethanol production has gained great prominence in the investment new renewable energy sources and Brazil is among the leaders of production. However, this activity generates large amounts of waste being the largest volume of the sugar cane bagasse. For this reason looking up ways to use this material as burning for energy production and composition of forage in the diet of ruminants, however there are difficulties to use this production for this last one. This paper proposes a microbiological treatment with Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus in order to enable the bagasse in ruminant feed composition in order to be used more noble than their burning. After treatment with the fungus, tests were performed for quantifying crude protein by the method of Kjeldhal. It was verified that the protein content in the pure bagasse was 1.0% after fermentation the protein content was 4.2% with L.edodes and 4.9% with P. ostreatus. To evaluate the protein quality of the product fermented by L. edodes and P. ostreatus was applied microbiological method for growth of Enterococcus zimogenes verifying that after fermentation the protein quality was 76 and 27.4% with L. edodes and P.ostreatus, respectively, compared with casein. The quantification of amino acids showed significant improvement of protein with altered amino acid profile with treatments of fungos. About of DQO and BOD were also found considerable improvement besides considerable drop in toxicity as measured by acute toxicity test with Daphinia similis

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)