The presence of a woman : images of La Malinche in el Lienzo de Tlaxcala

La Malinche’s serene face and beautifully dressed figure dominates the first half of the lost sixteenth century manuscript El Lienzo de Tlaxcala, which exists today in the form of a copy made after the original. In this paper I propose an expanded study of these twenty-one representations of La Malinche as they offer insight into the Tlaxcalan’s reverence, respect, and spiritual belief in La Malinche. The Tlaxcalan leaders recognized her influence on both the Spanish and indigenous leaders during the conquest and cleverly designed a painted narrative to reinforce their connection with La Malinche to enhance their position with the Spanish. Through a multi layered study that consists of a detailed account of her biography in contrast to gender roles in Pre-Hispanic America, as well as formal and iconographic analysis of rarely examined images from the Lienzo de Tlaxcala that link La Malinche to the Virgin Mary, and a review of the ethnographic research on religious beliefs among contemporary Tlaxcalans, I will demonstrate that the mutable history of this woman made her the ideal supernatural protagonist for the people of Tlaxcala.

History of the Flathead Indians.

Mode of access: Internet.

History of the old Cheraws; containing an account of the aborigines of the Pedee,

Bibliographical footnotes.

Índios e Poetas: o Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro e a invenção do Indianismo Literário 1808- 1860

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

[Comanche pictograph map of the Battle of Sierra Blanca, 1787].

Shows battle between two warring Plains Indian tribes, the Comanche and Apache.

Forty years among the Indians ; a descriptive history of the long and busy life of Jeremiah Hubbard.

http://www.archive.org/details/fortyyearsamongi00hubbrich

California : A history of Upper and Lower California from their first discovery to the present time, comprising an account of the climate, soil, natural productions, agriculture, commerce, Sc. A full view of the missionary establishments and condition of the free and domesticated indians. With an appendix relation to steam navigation in the Pacific. Illustrated with a new map, plans of the harbours, and numerous engravings

UANL

E. W. Nelson's notes on the Indians of the Yukon and Innoko Rivers, Alaska / edited, with an introd. by James W. VanStone, Curator, North American Archaeology and Ethnology, Field Museum of Natural History.

v.70(1978)

The economic botany of the Kiowa Indians, as it relates to the history of the tribe,

Mode of access: Internet.

The economic botany of the Kiowa Indians : as it relates to the history of the tribe /

Bibliography: p. 86-88.

Christian missions among the American Indians : a review of the history, progress, present distribution and needs of the American Indian missions /

At head of title: Department of the Interior.

The Indians' revenge; or, Days of horror. Some appalling events in the history of the Sioux.

Mode of access: Internet.

History of Seneca County : containing a detailed narrative of the principal events that have occurred since its first settlement down to the present time ; a history of the Indians that formerly resided within its limits ; geographical descriptions, early customs, biographical sketches, &c., &c., with an introd., containing a brief history of the state, from the discovery of the Mississippi River down to the year 1817, to the whole of which is added an appendix, containing tabular views, &c. /

"Constitution of Ohio ... A.D. 1802": p. [191]-213.

New light on the early history of the greater Northwest. The manuscript journals of Alexander Henry ... and of David Thompson ... 1799-1814. Exploration and adventure among the Indians on the Red, Saskatchewan, Missouri and Columbia rivers.

v. 1. The Red river of the North.--v. 2. The Saskatchewan and Columbia rivers.--v. 3. Index and maps.

David Zeisberger's history of northern American Indians,

Mode of access: Internet.