O controle da administração pública e o Ministério Público: uma análise da atuação no combate à improbidade administrativa

O presente trabalho visa analisar como ocorre a atuação do Ministério Público na Lei de Improbidade Administrativa. Para isso será feita uma análise sobre o atual perfil da Instituição (de defensor dos direitos da sociedade), além de uma demonstração sobre como a corrupção ocorre no Brasil desde a época da colonização e alguns meios que o legislador pátrio encontrou para combatê-la (como a responsabilização do agente público e os princípios constitucionais da Administração Pública). O foco do trabalho será a análise da Lei 8.429, que regula a improbidade administrativa, para que se possa, então, estudar os meios de atuação do Parquet previstos no diploma legal. Também serão demonstrados alguns dados levantados pelo próprio Ministério Público que demonstram a relevância de sua atuação no combate à improbidade administrativa, de modo a promover a defesa dos direitos da sociedade.

Education in Human Rights: Reflections on Power, Violence and Authority in the School

This article explores human rights and education based on an intervention experience conducted in three schools located in Sao Paulo City, which had as its main goal a substantial reduction in violence (2004-2005). The guideline was that education should be considered a basic human right, taking into consideration the power and authority relations that exist within this institution. What are the problems that we face, nowadays, to consider education as a human right, in the difficult Brazilian history? Is it possible to think about some kind of democratic authority within the school, when our vision of authority is linked to despotic leaders, or even when there is no space for any authority? How does this discussion associate with the violence in our daily life in school? These are some of the questions included in the debate proposed by this article.

What needs to be done? Occupational therapy responsibilities and challenges regarding human rights

Background: Addressing human rights issues brings forth ethical and political responsibilities for occupational therapists and requires new epistemological and educational approaches. The way occupational therapists have faced these challenges has depended upon historical, cultural and social contexts. Aim and method: By means of literature review and historical analysis, this paper reflects on how occupational therapists have dealt with human matters issues and on the contemporary changes within the profession. Results and discussion: The paper portrays how Latin American occupational therapists have engaged in social transformation by choosing not to transform ethical and political problems into technical matters. Taking into account experiences and views from South Africa, Brazil and Chile, the paper outlines the importance of developing political literacy and interdisciplinary professional/postprofessional education to prepare the new generation of occupational therapists to engage in social transformation. Addressing issues of invisibility and lack of access to human rights, the paper reflects on the need of developing conceptual tools and strategies for change, and discusses the transformations being produced in contemporary occupational therapy. Conclusion: Occupational therapists and scientists need to be attentive to human rights issues. They also need to answer the call for interconnectedness in the present-day complex societies, and engage in networking and a cross-bordering dialogue. Nevertheless, although necessary and welcome, international cooperation requires a permanent exercise of cultural sensitivity, political awareness and self-awareness.