Estudo de falha em placas laminadas usando métodos analíticos e numéricos

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Manutenção

Transferência de calor e controle de temperatura em tubos capilares utilizados em eletroforese capilar

Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a transferência de calor em tubos capilares cilíndricos utilizados na técnica de separação de moléculas denominada Eletroforese Capilar. Esta técnica é usada, por exemplo, na análise de biomoléculas e no sequenciamento de DNA, onde o controle da temperatura está diretamente ligado ao desempenho destes métodos e à qualidade dos resultados. Para empregar esta técnica, tensões elétricas da ordem de 20 kV são aplicadas entre as extremidades dos tubos capilares, que possuem normalmente 50 cm de comprimento, 350 µm de diâmetro externo e 50 µm de diâmetro interno, preenchidos por uma solução aquosa. Tais tensões geram uma corrente elétrica na solução, provocando aquecimento distribuído por Efeito Joule. Os tubos capilares são construídos em quartzo amorfo e protegidos por uma camada de material polimérico (poliimida). Para implementar o controle da temperatura, os tubos capilares são colocados em contato com um fluido de resfriamento. Num primeiro momento, os estudos são realizados por simulação numérica, empregando o Método dos Volumes Finitos em rotinas escritas em FORTRAN. São simulados casos onde os tubos são recobertos por camadas cilíndricas de materiais com uma condutividade térmica relativamente boa, com o objetivo de aumentar a superfície de troca de calor com o fluido de resfriamento. Como resultado, obtêm-se curvas da temperatura no centro dos tubos capilares em função do coeficiente de transferência de calor por convecção. Um caso de interesse é quando os tubos capilares são posicionados excentricamente ao recobrimento cilíndrico Num segundo momento, é utilizado o software de simulação numérica ANSYS CFX®, onde é simulado o resfriamento dos mesmos tubos capilares expostos a um escoamento transversal de ar a 15°C. Neste caso, também são aplicados os recobrimentos cilíndricos e, além disso, opta-se por simular o resfriamento de um arranjo de vários tubos (sistema multicapilar) dispostos entre placas de vidro, no formato de um sanduíche. Como resultados mais importantes salientam-se: a) o aumento do raio do recobrimento resulta no aumento da transferência de calor, fazendo com que a temperatura no núcleo do capilar fique estacionada em valores baixos que não comprometem as separações/análises; b) chegou-se a um valor de raio crítico da ordem de 10 mm para a condição de operação mais típicas na área da Eletroforese Capilar; c) as montagens com o tubo capilar concêntrico e excêntrico ao recobrimento não apresentam diferenças significativas no perfil de temperatura da solução tampão; e finalmente d) observa-se que o uso de duas placas de material dielétrico com os capilares posicionados em forma de sanduíche entre elas permite uma eficiente dissipação do calor gerado na solução tampão.

Análise numérica e experimental na determinação da potência térmica dissipada em componentes eletrônicos

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Simulação do escoamento monofásico em um estágio de uma bomba centrífuga utilizando técnicas de fluidodinâmica computacional

Oil production and exploration techniques have evolved in the last decades in order to increase fluid flows and optimize how the required equipment are used. The base functioning of Electric Submersible Pumping (ESP) lift method is the use of an electric downhole motor to move a centrifugal pump and transport the fluids to the surface. The Electric Submersible Pumping is an option that has been gaining ground among the methods of Artificial Lift due to the ability to handle a large flow of liquid in onshore and offshore environments. The performance of a well equipped with ESP systems is intrinsically related to the centrifugal pump operation. It is the pump that has the function to turn the motor power into Head. In this present work, a computer model to analyze the three-dimensional flow in a centrifugal pump used in Electric Submersible Pumping has been developed. Through the commercial program, ANSYS® CFX®, initially using water as fluid flow, the geometry and simulation parameters have been defined in order to obtain an approximation of what occurs inside the channels of the impeller and diffuser pump in terms of flow. Three different geometry conditions were initially tested to determine which is most suitable to solving the problem. After choosing the most appropriate geometry, three mesh conditions were analyzed and the obtained values were compared to the experimental characteristic curve of Head provided by the manufacturer. The results have approached the experimental curve, the simulation time and the model convergence were satisfactory if it is considered that the studied problem involves numerical analysis. After the tests with water, oil was used in the simulations. The results were compared to a methodology used in the petroleum industry to correct viscosity. In general, for models with water and oil, the results with single-phase fluids were coherent with the experimental curves and, through three-dimensional computer models, they are a preliminary evaluation for the analysis of the two-phase flow inside the channels of centrifugal pump used in ESP systems

Simulação computacional da interação fluido-estrutura em bombas de cavidades progressivas

The pumping through progressing cavities system has been more and more employed in the petroleum industry. This occurs because of its capacity of elevation of highly viscous oils or fluids with great concentration of sand or other solid particles. A Progressing Cavity Pump (PCP) consists, basically, of a rotor - a metallic device similar to an eccentric screw, and a stator - a steel tube internally covered by a double helix, which may be rigid or deformable/elastomeric. In general, it is submitted to a combination of well pressure with the pressure generated by the pumping process itself. In elastomeric PCPs, this combined effort compresses the stator and generates, or enlarges, the clearance existing between the rotor and the stator, thus reducing the closing effect between their cavities. Such opening of the sealing region produces what is known as fluid slip or slippage, reducing the efficiency of the PCP pumping system. Therefore, this research aims to develop a transient three-dimensional computational model that, based on single-lobe PCP kinematics, is able to simulate the fluid-structure interaction that occurs in the interior of metallic and elastomeric PCPs. The main goal is to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of PCP s efficiency based on detailed and instantaneous information of velocity, pressure and deformation fields in their interior. To reach these goals (development and use of the model), it was also necessary the development of a methodology for generation of dynamic, mobile and deformable, computational meshes representing fluid and structural regions of a PCP. This additional intermediary step has been characterized as the biggest challenge for the elaboration and running of the computational model due to the complex kinematic and critical geometry of this type of pump (different helix angles between rotor and stator as well as large length scale aspect ratios). The processes of dynamic generation of meshes and of simultaneous evaluation of the deformations suffered by the elastomer are fulfilled through subroutines written in Fortan 90 language that dynamically interact with the CFX/ANSYS fluid dynamic software. Since a structural elastic linear model is employed to evaluate elastomer deformations, it is not necessary to use any CAE package for structural analysis. However, an initial proposal for dynamic simulation using hyperelastic models through ANSYS software is also presented in this research. Validation of the results produced with the present methodology (mesh generation, flow simulation in metallic PCPs and simulation of fluid-structure interaction in elastomeric PCPs) is obtained through comparison with experimental results reported by the literature. It is expected that the development and application of such a computational model may provide better details of the dynamics of the flow within metallic and elastomeric PCPs, so that better control systems may be implemented in the artificial elevation area by PCP

Construção de um dispositivo de simulação do escoamento pulsátil em artérias

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Desenvolvimento de um programa paramétrico para simulação do processo de estampagem utilizando elementos finitos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Simulação numérica através do método dos elementos finitos e comparação experimental para obtenção de tensões e deformações específicas em fêmur com prótese total de quadril

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Modelagem de motor de combustão internae simulação do processo de queima de combustível

The internal combustion engine is a heat engine widely used in the automotive industry. In order to better understand its behavior many models in the literature have been proposed in the last years. The 0-D thermodynamic model is a fairly simple tool but it is very useful to understand the phenomenon of combustion inside the chamber of internal combustion engines. In the first phase of this work, an extensive literature review was made in order to get information about this kind of analysis and, after this, apply them in a model able to calculate the instantaneous temperature and pressure in one zone of the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. Therefore some considerations were made with the aim of increasing the accuracy of the model in predicting the correct behavior of the engine, adding the combined effects of heat transfer, leakage and injection. In the second phase, the goal was to study the internal flow of a three-dimensional model of an internal combustion engine. In order to achieve this goal the software Solidworks was used to create the geometries of an engine and the suite of softwares Ansys was used to create the moving mesh (ICEM CFD and CFX-Pre) and to solve the CFD problem (Ansys CFX code). The model was able to perform the air flow simulation during the four-stroke cycle of an engine: admission, compression, expansion and exhaust. The results obtained from both models were suitable and they open a new range of possibilities for future researches on the field

Simulação numérica do escoamento monofásico em uma bomba centrífuga radial

Centrifugal pumps are vastly used in many industrial applications. Knowledge of how these components behave in several circumstances is crucial for the development of more efficient and, therefore, less expensive pumping installations. The combination of multiple impellers, vaned diffusers and a volute might introduce several complex flow characteristics that largely deviate from regular inviscid pump flow theory. Computational Fluid Dynamics can be very helpful to extract information about which physical phenomena are involved in such flows. In this sense, this work performs a numerical study of the flow in a two-stage centrifugal pump (Imbil ITAP 65-330/2) with a vaned diffuser and a volute. The flow in the pump is modeled using the software Ansys CFX, by means of a multi-block, transient rotor-stator technique, with structured grids for all pump parts. The simulations were performed using water and a mixture of water and glycerin as work fluids. Several viscosities were considered, in a range between 87 and 720 cP. Comparisons between experimental data obtained by Amaral (2007) and numerical head curves showed a good agreement, with an average deviation of 6.8% for water. The behavior of velocity, pressure and turbulence kinetic energy fields was evaluated for several operational conditions. In general, the results obtained by this work achieved the proposed goals and are a significant contribution to the understanding of the flow studied.

Simulação do escoamento monofásico em um estágio de uma bomba centrífuga utilizando técnicas de fluidodinâmica computacional

Oil production and exploration techniques have evolved in the last decades in order to increase fluid flows and optimize how the required equipment are used. The base functioning of Electric Submersible Pumping (ESP) lift method is the use of an electric downhole motor to move a centrifugal pump and transport the fluids to the surface. The Electric Submersible Pumping is an option that has been gaining ground among the methods of Artificial Lift due to the ability to handle a large flow of liquid in onshore and offshore environments. The performance of a well equipped with ESP systems is intrinsically related to the centrifugal pump operation. It is the pump that has the function to turn the motor power into Head. In this present work, a computer model to analyze the three-dimensional flow in a centrifugal pump used in Electric Submersible Pumping has been developed. Through the commercial program, ANSYS® CFX®, initially using water as fluid flow, the geometry and simulation parameters have been defined in order to obtain an approximation of what occurs inside the channels of the impeller and diffuser pump in terms of flow. Three different geometry conditions were initially tested to determine which is most suitable to solving the problem. After choosing the most appropriate geometry, three mesh conditions were analyzed and the obtained values were compared to the experimental characteristic curve of Head provided by the manufacturer. The results have approached the experimental curve, the simulation time and the model convergence were satisfactory if it is considered that the studied problem involves numerical analysis. After the tests with water, oil was used in the simulations. The results were compared to a methodology used in the petroleum industry to correct viscosity. In general, for models with water and oil, the results with single-phase fluids were coherent with the experimental curves and, through three-dimensional computer models, they are a preliminary evaluation for the analysis of the two-phase flow inside the channels of centrifugal pump used in ESP systems

How to increase the accuracy of analysis and reduce the computational time in ANSYS in the case of deformation study of orthopedic bone plates

Currently, finite element analyses are usually done by means of commercial software tools. Accuracy of analysis and computational time are two important factors in efficiency of these tools. This paper studies the effective parameters in computational time and accuracy of finite element analyses performed by ANSYS and provides the guidelines for the users of this software whenever they us this software for study on deformation of orthopedic bone plates or study on similar cases. It is not a fundamental scientific study and only shares the findings of the authors about structural analysis by means of ANSYS workbench. It gives an idea to the readers about improving the performance of the software and avoiding the traps. The solutions provided in this paper are not the only possible solutions of the problems and in similar cases there are other solutions which are not given in this paper. The parameters of solution method, material model, geometric model, mesh configuration, number of the analysis steps, program controlled parameters and computer settings are discussed through thoroughly in this paper.

ANSYS 7.0分析实例与工程应用

有限元基础与ANSYS入门

Educação para cidadania na simulação parlamentar : o caso do programa “deputado por um dia” da ALRS

Analisa o projeto "Deputado por um Dia", mantido desde 1999 pela Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Sul, que promove para os jovens estudantes a vivência da rotina dos deputados estaduais. A partir da recuperação de documentos e de entrevistas, analisa efeitos do programa sobre os jovens. Conclui-se que a experiência da decisão coletiva ajuda na percepção da complexidade do processo deliberativo e na criação de uma visão menos ingênua da política.