Inheritance of seed coat color in sesame

The objective of this work was to determine the inheritance mode of seed coat color in sesame. Two crosses and their reciprocals were performed: UCLA37 x UCV3 and UCLA90 x UCV3, of which UCLA37 and UCLA90 are white seed, and UCV3 is brown seed. Results of reciprocal crosses within each cross were identical: F1 seeds had the same phenotype as the maternal parent, and F2 resulted in the phenotype brown color. These results are consistent only with the model in which the maternal effect is the responsible for this trait. This model was validated by recording the seed coat color of 100 F2 plants (F3 seeds) from each cross with its reciprocal, in which the 3:1 expected ratio for plants producing brown and white seeds was tested with the chi-square test. Sesame seed color is determined by the maternal genotype. Proposed names for the alleles participating in sesame seed coat color are: Sc1, for brown color; and Sc2, for white color; Sc1 is dominant over Sc2.

Sesame and flaxseed oil: nutritional quality and effects on serum lipids and glucose in rats

This study evaluated the nutritional value of sesame and flaxseed oils and their effects on the lipid and glucose profile of rats fed diets containing different fat combinations. Fatty acid composition, refractive index, and iodine and saponification values were analyzed to characterize the oils. In the biological assay, Wistar rats were fed different diets, whose fat composition consisted of varying combinations of flaxseed oil, sesame oil, and animal fat. The primary constituents of the sesame oil were oleic (28.6%), linoleic (28.4%), and lauric acid (14.6%); for the flaxseed oil they were alpha-linolenic (39.90%), oleic (17.97%) and linoleic acid (12.25%). The iodine and saponification values of the oils were within the reference range. Rats fed flaxseed oil-based diets had the lowest serum cholesterol values, whereas rats fed diets with flaxseed oil + sesame oil + animal fat had the highest glucose levels. HDL levels decreased significantly with flaxseed oil. Sesame and flaxseed oils are sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and the flaxseed oil-based diet had a hypocholesterolemic effect, whereas sesame oil showed oxidative stability since it contains high levels of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids.

Rheological properties of oil-in-water emulsions prepared with oil and protein isolates from sesame (Sesamum Indicum)

In this study, food emulsions of oil in water from sesame (Sesamum indicum) protein isolates and their oil were formulated and standardised. The effect of the concentrations of sesame (Sesamum indicum) protein isolates and base oil and the speed of the emulsification process for the food emulsion stability was studied. The protein isolates were achieved from the defatted sesame flour (DSF), obtaining a percentage of 80% ± 0.05% of protein. Emulsions were formulated through a factorial design 23. The rheological behaviour of sesame (Sesamum indicum) protein isolates-stabilised emulsions and microstructural composition were investigated. Stable emulsions with suitable rheological properties and microstructure were formulated at a concentration of 10% sesame oil and different concentrations of protein isolates, between 1.5% and 2.5%, with the best droplet distribution characteristics being shown for the 2.5% sesame protein isolates. The emulsions showed a non-Newtonian fluid behaviour, adjusting the Sisko model.

Growth and yield of groundnut, sesame and roselle in an Acacia senegal agroforestry system in North Kordofan, Sudan

A field experiment was conducted under rainfed conditions in western Sudan at El-Obeid Research Farm and Eldemokeya Forest Reserve, North Kordofan State, during the growing seasons 2004/05 and 2005/06. The main objective was to investigate the soil physical and chemical properties and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogea), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) of an Acacia senegal agroforestry system in comparison with the sole cropping system. Data were recorded for soil physical and chemical properties, soil moisture content, number of pods per plant, fresh weight (kg ha^−1) and crop yield (kg ha^−1). The treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated four times. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were obtained for sand and silt content on both sites, while clay content was not significantly different on both sites. The nitrogen (N) and organic carbon were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the intercropping system in Eldemokeya Forest Reserve compared with sole cropping. Soil organic carbon, N and pH were not significant on El-Obeid site. Yet the level of organic carbon, N, P and pH was higher in the intercropping system. Fresh weight was significantly different on both sites. The highest fresh weight was found in the intercropping system. Dry weights were significantly different for sesame and roselle on both sites, while groundnut was not significantly different. On both sites intercropping systems reduced groundnut, sesame and roselle yields by 26.3, 12 and 20.2%, respectively. The reduction in yield in intercropping plots could be attributed to high tree density, which resulted in water and light competition between trees and the associated crops.

Comunicación didáctica en la programación infantil de RTVE : Sesame street : un ejemplo.

Analizar el acercamiento desde la perspectiva didáctica a la TV infantil en circuito abierto (TVCA). Estudiar el modelo comunicativo en el fondo el modelo didáctico que subyace y estructura a la programación infantil de TVE. Así como unas consideraciones sobre las semejanzas de este modelo comunicativo con el de la enseñanza tradicional. Aproximación a la experiencia de Sesame Street a fin de descubrir sus principales aportaciones, tanto en la producción como elaboración psicopedagógica de programas instructivos de TV dirigidos a niños en edad preescolar. Repasar lo más extensamente posible el material bibliográfico que haya publicado sobre estas cuestiones. Se ha trabajado partiendo de un supuesto general que funciona un poco como el hilo conductor de todas las indagaciones y a la vez ofrece coherencia a las muchas cuestiones que se dan cita inevitablemente en un problema tan complejo como es el de la televisión infantil. La hipótesis se formula siguiendo los siguientes términos: el modelo didáctico que se configura a través de la TVCA se basa en un esquema comunicativo de tipo vertical, unidireccional en forma y fondo. La participación requerida del telespectador es un mero recurso para asegurarse la audiencia. Los pasos seguidos en el trabajo más importantes son los siguientes: 1. consulta de una amplia bibliografía sobre el tema, unas veces sobre aspectos muy concretos y en otras sobre cuestiones generales; 2. contactos y entrevistas frecuentes con el equipo asesor y productor del Barrio Sésamo, que como se sabe es la versión española y realizada en coproducción, del Sesame Street. También asistir a un seminario reorganizado para el equipo de Barrió Sésamo. En el cual durante tres días se pudo contactar con un asesor pedagógico, el jefe de investigación y un productor de la CTW. Este contacto directo con la experiencia Sesame Street resulto de gran interés; 3. Análisis de los programas apuntados. Tal vez sea el paso más endeble por las numerosas dificultades a que se ha tenido que hacer frente como la de esperar casi año y medio para poder ver -ábrete sésamo-. Se ha intentado demostrar que la relación escuela-alumnos y TV-telespectador se montan sobre un proceso de comunicación. En ambos casos este proceso es manejado en uno y otro sentido en función del logro de unos objetivos que no siempre están explícitamente formulados. Pero en qué cualquier caso esto lleva a formular la hipótesis de que puede hablarse de un acto didáctico televisual, cuyas semejanzas (en la teoría y en la práctica) son harto significativas tal como ya se expuso en el punto correspondiente del trabajo. Con mayor o menor dignidad la escuela y la TV al menos según se les ha conocido hasta hoy funciona con un modelo de comunicación vertical. No sólo lo elaborar los de arriba que son los que saben y de acuerdo con lo que creen que saben, sino que además utilizan códigos que son inaccesibles para la mayoría de los niños y sobre todo los de clases más desafortunadas. Por otro lado, son unos mensajes elaborados a partir de la experiencia, de la improvisación. De donde se deduce fácilmente que los condicionamientos que van a aflorar en tales mensajes serán de muy dignos del más detallado estudio psicológico. Los telespectadores son los que irremediablemente, tendrán que soportar las proyecciones frustrantes que sobre ellos lanzan unos adultos que la fortuna o la casualidad les ha puesto donde están, ante telespectadores o ante alumnos.

‘Open sesame!’ How panto can pave the way for inclusion in theatre

This paper examines how ‘relaxed performances’ are being offered by an increasing number of mainstream theatres so children with complex individual needs and their families can enjoy the social and cultural experience of live theatre. The paper explains the origins of the relaxed performance initiative, what such performances entail and how they can contribute to both children’s learning and the cause of social justice. A case study is made of how one medium sized provincial theatre offered a relaxed performance of its annual pantomime in the 2013-14 season and the impact its subsequent 2014-15 production has had on families living with autistic spectrum disorder.

SESAME: Finding Ways Of Promoting SME Adaptation To Flood Risk

Small and medium-sized companies and other enterprises (SMEs) around the world are exposed to flood risk and many of the 4.5 million in the UK are at risk. As SMEs represent almost half of total business turnover in the UK, their protection is a vital part of the drive for greater climate change resilience. However, few have measures in place to ensure the continuity of their activities during a flood and its aftermath. The SESAME project aims to develop tools that encourage businesses to discover ways of becoming more resilient to floods and to appreciate how much better off they will be once they have adapted to the ongoing risk. By taking some of the mystery out of flooding and flood risk, it aims to make it susceptible to the same business acumen that enables the UK’s SMEs to deal with the many other challenges they face. In this paper we will report on the different aspects of the research in the project Understanding behaviour Changing behaviour Modelling impacts Economic impacts Through the above the project will advise government, local authorities and other public bodies on how to improve their responses to floods and will enable them to recommend ways to improve the guidelines provided to SMEs in flood risk areas.

Activity of sesame leaf extracts to the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera : Formicidae)

Crude extracts of new and old sesame leaves (Sesamum indicum, Linaeus) obtained by a sequential process of extraction were tested through contact experiments to investigate their toxicity to Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Forel) workers. Methanol extract of old leaves was toxic to leaf-cutting ants at the lower tested concentration (20mg.ml(-1)). This extract was fractioned and their fractions were tested showing a toxic effect of the methanol fraction. The methanol fraction was fractioned again and the sub fraction responsible for worker's toxicity is composed of some sugars.

Activity of sesame leaf extracts against the symbiotic fungus of Atta sexdens L.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

EFFECT OF SESAME (SESAMUM-INDICUM L) ON NEST DEVELOPMENT OF ATTA-SEXDENS-RUBROPILOSA FOREL (HYM, FORMICIDAE)

The present study showed a strong deleterious effect on leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubiopilosa nests supplied exclusively with sesame (Sesamum indicum) leaves in the laboratory. Sesame leaves were initially attractive to workers and later became antifeedant. Eucaliptus alba and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves were used as control.

Microbiological changes in the nests of leaf-cutting ants fed on sesame leaves

The number of bacteria and yeasts occurring in the organic matter inside the nests were determined both in colonies of leaf-cutting ants reared on Eucaliptus alba (control) or Sesamum indicum (experimental). Sesame leaves induce imbalance and nests usually die. In control nests the number of bacteria in newer sponge and in older sponge were similar (3.6 x 105 and 1.4 x 105 CFU/g, respectively) whereas in waste deposit the mean reached 7.3 x 107 CFU/g. The most Probable Number (MPN/g) of yeasts were 2.7 x 104, 1.3 x 105/g and 2.2 x 104 for newer sponge, older sponge and waste deposit, respectively. Using material from older sponge for comparison, the number of bacteria and yeasts reared on sesame leaves showed significant differences. The number of bacteria was 3.3 x 107 CFU/g, a value close to that found in waste deposit of normal (control) nests, whereas the number of yeasts was 6.7 x 105/g. These changes in microbial populations due to the effect of sesame leaf uptake could be a significant factor in nest imbalance and mortality when leaf-cutting ants are consuming toxic plants.

Toxicity of sesame extracts to leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Extracts of different sesame plant (Sesamum indicum, Linnaeus) organs were tested through ingestion and contact experiments to investigate their toxicity to Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Forel) workers. Dichloromethane extracts of seeds were toxic to the leaf-cutting ants and the factor responsible for the toxicity does not show seasonal occurrence.

Toxicity of sesame seed to leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Extracts of the ripe seeds of the sesame plant (Sesamum indicum, Linnaeus) were tested through contact experiments to investigate their toxicity to Atta sexdens rubropilosa workers. Dichloromethane extract of seeds was toxic to the ants and the factor responsible for this effect was distributed through the ethyl acetate fraction. This fraction was divided into four sub fractions composed of: A) triglycerides, B) monoglycerides + diglycerides + triglycerides, C) diglycerides + sesamoline + sesamine and D) sesamine. However, when these sub fractions were separated, no toxicity was observed. Therefore, in order to determine why the activity was lost, the concentration of each sub fraction was duplicated, and the possible combinations among them were also tested. We concluded that the toxicity to the ants is due mainly to a mixture of triglycerides, and sesamoline or the combination of sesamoline + sesamine can be a synergistic factor in this fraction.