Ratings of age of acquisition of 299 words across 25 languages: is there a cross-linguistic order of words?

We present a new set of subjective age-of-acquisition (AoA) ratings for 299 words (158 nouns, 141 verbs) in 25 languages from five language families (Afro-Asiatic: Semitic languages; Altaic: one Turkic language: Indo-European: Baltic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Slavic, and Romance languages; Niger-Congo: one Bantu language; Uralic: Finnic and Ugric languages). Adult native speakers reported the age at which they had learned each word. We present a comparison of the AoA ratings across all languages by contrasting them in pairs. This comparison shows a consistency in the orders of ratings across the 25 languages. The data were then analyzed (1) to ascertain how the demographic characteristics of the participants influenced AoA estimations and (2) to assess differences caused by the exact form of the target question (when did you learn vs. when do children learn this word); (3) to compare the ratings obtained in our study to those of previous studies; and (4) to assess the validity of our study by comparison with quasi-objective AoA norms derived from the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MB-CDI). All 299 words were judged as being acquired early (mostly before the age of 6 years). AoA ratings were associated with the raters’ social or language status, but not with the raters’ age or education. Parents reported words as being learned earlier, and bilinguals reported learning them later. Estimations of the age at which children learn the words revealed significantly lower ratings of AoA. Finally, comparisons with previous AoA and MB-CDI norms support the validity of the present estimations. Our AoA ratings are available for research or other purposes.

The Semitic negative; with special reference to the negative in Hebrew.

"Reprinted from the American journal of Semitic languages and literatures, vol. XII, nos. 3 and 4."

Theological and Semitic literature

Mode of access: Internet.

The Prophecies of Zechariah : with special reference to the origin and date of chapters 9-14

Leipzig, Univ., Diss., 1896

A “REVOLTA” DE JEÚ E A ESTELA DE DÃ: Um Estudo Em 2 Reis 10,28-36

A pesquisa tem por objetivo trabalhar o evento da Revolta de Jeú, em conjunto com a Estela de Dã, tendo como ponto de partida para tal, a exegese da perícope de 2 Reis 10-28,36. A história Deuteronomista apresenta o ato da Revolta de Jeú como sendo um feito demasiadamente importante, na restauração do culto a Javé em Israel, a partir de um contexto onde o culto a outras divindades, em Israel Norte, estava em pleno curso. No entanto, a partir da análise conjunta da Estela de Dã, que tem como provável autor o rei Hazael de Damasco, somos desafiados a ler esta história pelas entrelinhas não contempladas pelo texto, que apontam para uma participação ativa de Hazael, nos desfechos referentes a Revolta de Jeú, como sendo o responsável direto que proporcionou a subida de Jeú ao trono em Israel, clarificando desta forma este importante período na história Bíblica. Para tal análise, observar-se-á três distintos tópicos, ligados diretamente ao tema proposto: (1) A Revolta de Jeú e a Redação Deuteronomista, a partir do estudo exegético da perícope de 2 Reis 10,28-36, onde estão descritas informações pontuais sobre período em que Jeú reinou em Israel; (2) Jeú e a Estela de Dã, a partir da apresentação e análise do conteúdo da Estela de Dã, tratando diretamente dos desdobramentos da guerra em Ramote de Gileade, de onde se dá o ponto de partida à Revolta de Jeú; e por fim (3) O Império da Síria, onde a partir da continuidade da análise do conteúdo da Estela de Dã, demonstraremos a significância deste reino, além de apontamentos diretamente ligados ao reinado de Hazael, personagem mui relevante no evento da Revolta de Jeú.

Über Wechselbeziehungen der ägyptischen, indoeuropaeischen und semitischen Etymologie /

Mode of access: Internet.

Oriental Institute communications.

Separately cataloged in LC after no. 22.

Hebräisch und Semitisch : Prolegomena und Grundlinien einer Geschichte der semitischen Sprache : nebst einem Exkurs über die vorjosuanische Sprache Israels und die Pentateuchquelle PC /

Includes bibliographical references.

Hebraica.

Includes bibliographical references (Semitic bibliography).

The effect of the disruption on the Hebrew thought of God.

Reprinted from the American journal of Semitic languages and literatures, vol. XXXII, no. 4, July, 1916.

Die semitischen sprachen.

"Die erste auflage dieser schrift (1887) gab das deutsche original meines artikels 'Semitic languages' in der Encyclopaedia britannica wieder, jedoch mit manchen verbesserungen und zusätzen ... Diese zweite auflage ist das ergebniss einer grundlichen revision"; Verso of t.-p.

Abhandlungen für semitische Wortforschung /

Mode of access: Internet.

Histoire générale et système comparé des langues sémitiques,

No more published.

Die semitischen Sprachen : eine Skizze /

"Diese Schrift giebt das deutsche Original meines Artikels 'Semitic languages' in der 'Encyclopedia Britannica' wieder, jedoch mit manchen Verbesserungen und Zusätzen"--T.p. verso.

Handbuch der hebräischen, syrischen, chaldäischen und arabischen Grammatik : für den Anfang der Erlernung dieser Sprachen.

Mode of access: Internet.