LLT Community Association

Laurencetown, Lenaderg & Tullylish Community Association (LLT) manage a community centre which serves the surrounding rural areas. Programmes include: parent & toddler, youth group, older peopleï¿_s group (offering 1-1 support) and supports other outlying rural groups. LLT has completed 3 Level 2 projects in the past.The first 3 projects have helped develop better understanding and promoted better access to pharmacy services etc (3 miles away), have raised the profile of LLT and put health on the agenda and has worked well with a range of specific groups including men, older people, pre schoolers etc and is currently seeking to target teenagers and parents. A good working relationship has developed between the pharmacist and LLT. They want to continue a similar approach developed through their Level 2 applications but with an increased focus on pre-school children and young people (teenagers) with their parents. Year 1 includes a health fair, 6 talks to local groups, 10 consultations for older people, 4 sessions for mothers, 4 sessions for fathers and 3 sessions with young people. Most of these, apart from the Health Fair, will be repeated in Year 2 & 3.

Las mipymes artesanales como un medio de desarrollo para los grupos rurales en México

La actividad artesanal sigue teniendo vigencia a nivel regional en muchos países, no sólo subdesarrollados, sino también del primer mundo, lo que permite a algunos grupos sociales tener una fuente de ingresos única o complementaria. En este trabajo se hace una descripción de este sector, comenzando con conceptos de los términos relacionados con la artesanía, su importancia económica y social dentro de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas, los tipos de productos artesanales en el mundo y en México. Se establecen, igualmente, las problemáticas y los retos que habrá de enfrentar, así como las contribuciones posibles desde los ámbitos gubernamental y académico.

Social and material influences on the Kelabit dwelt environment

Relations with the environment are key to the ways in which people pursue their dwelling practices. The complex processes of globalisation challenge the isolation of rural groups, consequently affecting their perception and use of the environment. One such place where this can be seen is the Kelabit Highlands of northern Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo), where the recent arrival of commercial logging has allowed local people to make wider connections via the logging roads. Cultural and historic traditions are reconstituted in the light of new material relations with a dynamic environment, which can be seen reflected in changing customs of housebuilding.

Work and the adolescent in medieval England (AD 900-1550). The osteological evidence

What was it like to be a teenager in medieval England? Despite the fact that medieval society often singled young apprentices and workers out for comment, their study has been largely neglected in medieval archaeology. The skeletal remains of 4940 adolescents (6.6-25 years) from 151 sites in medieval England was compiled from a combination of primary data collection and secondary data from published and unpublished skeletal reports and on-line databases. The aim was to explore whether apprentices could be identified in the archaeological record and if so, at what age they started work and what impact occupation had on their health. The data were divided into urban and rural groups, dating from before and after the Black Death of AD 1348-9, and before the Industrial Revolution. A shift in the demographic pattern of urban and rural adolescents was identified after the Black Death, with a greater number of young females residing in the urban contexts after 14 years. The average age of males increased from 12 years to 14 years after the plague years, contrary to what we might expect from the documentary sources. There were higher rates of spinal and joint disease in the urban adolescents and their injuries were more widespread than their rural counterparts. Domestic service was the potential cause of the greater strain on the knees and backs of the urban females, with interpersonal violence evident in the young urban males. Overall, it was the urban females that carried the burden of respiratory and infectious diseases suggesting they may have been the most vulnerable group. This study has demonstrated the value of adolescent skeletal remains in revealing information about their health and working life, before and after the Black Death.

Antecedentes históricos de la unidad de las corporaciones agropecuarias pampeanas : La formación de la Comisión de Enlace y la disputa por la renta (1966-1973)

El presente trabajo busca aportar a la comprensión de la intervención política de la burguesía agraria pampeana, tomando como observable las acciones y los posicionamientos de las corporaciones rurales en un momento de crisis política. Los estudios sobre el tema han tendido a sobreestimar las diferencias entre productores chicos ("chacareros") y grandes ("oligarquía"), lo que ha eclipsado el estudio de los momentos de confluencia, que tienen por lo menos 40 años de historia en la Argentina. Luego de discutir el enfoque predominante en la bibliografía, abordaremos la conformación, en 1970, de la Comisión de Enlace, en la que confluyeron Federación Agraria, CONINAGRO, Confederaciones Rurales Argentinas y Sociedad Rural. Recurriendo a periódicos de tirada nacional y documentos institucionales de las corporaciones, reconstruiremos los acuerdos en torno a los que se estructuró esta alianza y su intervención concreta.

Antecedentes históricos de la unidad de las corporaciones agropecuarias pampeanas : La formación de la Comisión de Enlace y la disputa por la renta (1966-1973)

El presente trabajo busca aportar a la comprensión de la intervención política de la burguesía agraria pampeana, tomando como observable las acciones y los posicionamientos de las corporaciones rurales en un momento de crisis política. Los estudios sobre el tema han tendido a sobreestimar las diferencias entre productores chicos ("chacareros") y grandes ("oligarquía"), lo que ha eclipsado el estudio de los momentos de confluencia, que tienen por lo menos 40 años de historia en la Argentina. Luego de discutir el enfoque predominante en la bibliografía, abordaremos la conformación, en 1970, de la Comisión de Enlace, en la que confluyeron Federación Agraria, CONINAGRO, Confederaciones Rurales Argentinas y Sociedad Rural. Recurriendo a periódicos de tirada nacional y documentos institucionales de las corporaciones, reconstruiremos los acuerdos en torno a los que se estructuró esta alianza y su intervención concreta.

Antecedentes históricos de la unidad de las corporaciones agropecuarias pampeanas : La formación de la Comisión de Enlace y la disputa por la renta (1966-1973)

El presente trabajo busca aportar a la comprensión de la intervención política de la burguesía agraria pampeana, tomando como observable las acciones y los posicionamientos de las corporaciones rurales en un momento de crisis política. Los estudios sobre el tema han tendido a sobreestimar las diferencias entre productores chicos ("chacareros") y grandes ("oligarquía"), lo que ha eclipsado el estudio de los momentos de confluencia, que tienen por lo menos 40 años de historia en la Argentina. Luego de discutir el enfoque predominante en la bibliografía, abordaremos la conformación, en 1970, de la Comisión de Enlace, en la que confluyeron Federación Agraria, CONINAGRO, Confederaciones Rurales Argentinas y Sociedad Rural. Recurriendo a periódicos de tirada nacional y documentos institucionales de las corporaciones, reconstruiremos los acuerdos en torno a los que se estructuró esta alianza y su intervención concreta.

Extractivism and the de jure and de facto ethno-territorial rights in Latin America: How important are the constitutions? : Extractivismo y derechos étnico-territoriales de jure y de facto en Latinoamérica: ¿Cuán importantes son las constituciones?

A growing number of Latin American rural groups have attained extended ethno-territorial rights, and sizeable territories were safeguarded by progressive constitutions. This trend was the product of extended cycles of protest at local, national and transnational levels; social movements struggle, with broader collective South-South collaboration. Nonetheless, the continent simultaneously experienced a resource extraction boom. Commonly, the extractivism takes place in protected areas and/or indigenous territories. Accordingly, economic interests clash with the safeguarding and recognition of constitutional rights. Through the analysis of selected illustrative cases across Latin America, this study analyses the (de jure) rights on paper versus the (de facto) rights in practice. 

Leader Rural Development Program in Spain: Profile and Functions of Workers in Local Action Groups.

Occupations in the labor market are linked with to a minimum basic training and other capacities. Hired workers should be able to accomplish required functions related to their specific job. Regarding the rural development labor market, local action groups? workers have defined performance areas?projects, strategy, organization and training & market?but specific functions within each of these areas are not as clearly defined. Neither both, basic training and capacities needed to perform each job profile within the local action group are defined. This communication analyses training and other capacities linked to each of the job profiles within the local action group. Functions within each of the performance areas previously defined are also analyzed regarding the job profiles.

Rural primary groups

Mode of access: Internet.

Urbanidade rural, território e sustentabilidade: relações decontato em uma comunidade indígena no noroeste amazônico

Este artigo objetiva discutir representações de urbanidade rural, território e sustentabilidade no contexto de relações estabelecidas entre a sociedade indígena e a não-indígena, ou entre diferentes grupos étnicos que habitam o Distrito de Iauaretê, situado na Terra Indígena do Alto Rio Negro, no noroeste amazônico. Objetiva também discutir as relações dos moradores desta localidade com o ambiente por eles ocupado.

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in a rural community of Angola

Background: To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in a rural community (Bengo) of Angola. Methods: A random sample of 421 subjects aged 30 to 69 years (30% men and 70% women) was selected from three villages of Bengo province. This cross-sectional home survey was conducted using a sampling design of stage conglomerates. First, clinical and anthropometric data were obtained and fasting capillary glucose level was determined. Subjects who screened positive (fasting capillary glucose >= 100 mg/dl and < 200 mg/dl) and each sixth consecutive subject who screened negative (fasting capillary glucose < 100 mg/dl) were submitted to the second phase of survey, consisting of the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Data was analyzed by the use of SAS statistical software. Results: The prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus and IGT were 2.8% and 8.1%, respectively. The age group with the highest prevalence of diabetes was 60 to 69 years (42%). Impaired glucose tolerance prevalence was 38% in the 40 to 49 year age group and it increased with age, considering that the 50 to 59 and 60 to 69 year age groups as a whole represent 50% of all subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus did not differ significantly between men (3.2%) and women (2.7%) (p = 0.47). On the other hand, the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among women showed almost twice that found in men (9.1% vs. 5.6%, respectively). Overweight was present in 66.7% of the individuals with diabetes mellitus and 26.5% of individuals with impaired glucose tolerance showed overweight or obesity. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was low, the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance is considered to be within an intermediary range, suggesting a future increase in the frequency of diabetes in this population.

Economic, social and cultural influences on the status and wellbeing of Indian rural wives

Examines the status and well being of wives in rural India using results from interviews. Surveys were conducted in three villages in the southwest of West Bengal and in three villages in the west of Orissa. The survey in West Bengal contained a large proportion of Santal tribals and the Oriyan survey was dominated by Kondh tribals. The relationships between variables representing economic, social and cultural factors are compared with ‘dependent’ variables representing the status of wives within their family and their wellbeing. Wellbeing is indicated by whether the basic needs of wives for food and medical care are met. Status of wives is indicated by their ‘control’ over family resources, whether or not they are restricted in joining social groups and in working outside their home, and the extent of their involvement in family decision-making. Cultural factors are found to be the dominant influence on the status of wives. Family income and other economic factors are found to be associated cross sectionally with greater restrictions on wives within their family. Nevertheless, the higher in the economic status of the household, the more likely are the basic needs of wives to be met.

Syndrome packets and health worker training improve sexually transmitted disease case management in rural South Africa: randomized controlled trial

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are important co-factors in HIV transmission. We studied the impact of health worker training and STD syndrome packets (containing recommended drugs, condoms, partner notification cards and information leaflets) on the quality of STD case management in primary care clinics in rural South Africa. Methods: A randomized controlled trial of five matched pairs of clinics compared the intervention with routine syndromic management. Outcomes were measured by simulated patients using standardized scripts, and included the proportion given recommended drugs; correctly case managed (given recommended drugs plus condoms and partner cards); adequately counselled; reporting good staff attitude; and consulted in privacy. Results: At baseline, the quality of STD case management was similarly poor in both groups. Only 36 and 46% of simulated patients visiting intervention and control clinics, respectively, were given recommended drugs. After the intervention, intervention clinics provided better case management than controls: 88 versus 50% (P < 0.01) received recommended drugs; 83 versus 12% (P < 0.005) were correctly case managed; 68 versus 46% (P = 0.06) were adequately counselled; 84 versus 58% experienced good staff attitude (P = 0.07); and 92 versus 86% (P = 0.4) were consulted privately. A syndrome packet cost US$1.50; the incremental cost was US$6.80. The total intervention cost equalled 0.3% of annual district health expenditure. Interpretation: A simple and affordable health service intervention achieved substantial improvements in STD case management. Although this is a critical component of STD control and can reduce HIV transmission, community-level interventions to influence health-seeking behaviour are also needed. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.