Improving the Rigor and Consistency of the Thermodynamic Theory for Clathrate Hydrates through Incorporation of Movement of Water Molecules of Hydrate Lattice

Current applications of statistical thermodynamic theories for clathrate hydrates do not incorporate the translational and rotational movement of water molecules of the hydrate lattice,in a rigorous manner. Previous studies have shown that the movement of water molecules has a significant effect on the properties of clathrate hydrates. In this Article, a method is presented to incorporate the effect of water movement with as much rigor as possible. This method is then used to calculate the Langmuir constant of the guest species in a clathrate hydrate. Unlike previous studies on modeling of clathrate hydrate thermodynamics, the method presented in this paper does not regress either the intermolecular potentials or the properties of the empty hydrate from clathrate phase equilibria data. Also the properties of empty hydrate used in the theory do not depend on the nature and composition of the guest molecules. The predicted phase equilibria from the resulting theory are shown to be highly accurate and thermodynamically consistent by comparing them with the phase equilibria computed directly from molecular simulations.

Postmortem changes in hilsa fish. Pt. 1. Studies on rigor-mortis, typical yields and protein composition of dark and white muscle of hilsa fish (Tenualosa ilisha Ham.)

Hilsa (Hilsa ilisha) caught by gill net were immediately killed by cranial spiking. Three fish were kept in ice (0°C) and three other at room temperature (33°C) to follow development of rigor mortis and changes in muscle pH. The rest were frozen stored at -20°C. Rigor started 15 minutes after death in all fish and reached full rigor (100%) state in 2 and 4 hours respectively in fish kept at 33° and 0°C. The fish at 33°C deteriorated 16 hours after while in full rigor but those at 0°C lasted 26 hours of death without deterioration. Freshly caught hilsa had a muscle pH around 7 which decreased with time rapidly at 33°C and slowly at 0°C. The relative proportion of protein fraction in white and dark muscle of fish stored at 0°C and -20°C were also studied. The proportion of dark muscle was 30.34% of the white muscle. White muscle in fish at 0°C was found to contain 32.0% sarcoplasmic, 57.6% myofibrilla, 9.4% alkali-soluble and 1.1% stroma protein whereas these proteins in dark muscle were 29.9%, 58.4%, 9.8% and 1.9% respectively. The protein fractions of white muscle in frozen-fish were found 27.6% sarcoplasmic, 64.7% myofibrilla, 6.0% alkali-soluble and 1.7% of stroma protein whereas they were 30.6%, 58.6%, 8.9 and 1.9% for dark muscle. Some changes occurred in protein composition during frozen storage. The relative amounts of sarcoplasmic, alkali soluble and stroma protein fractions decreased while myofibrilla fraction increased in frozen condition. This may be attributed to drip loss of soluble protein during thawing.

Methodologic rigor of clinical trials on surgical management of eyes with coexisting cataract and glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the methodologic quality of published studies of the surgical management of coexisting cataract and glaucoma.

DESIGN:

Literature review and analysis.

METHOD:

We performed a systematic search of the literature to identify all English language articles pertaining to the surgical management of coexisting cataract and glaucoma in adults. Quality assessment was performed on all randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled trials, and cohort studies. Overall quality scores and scores for individual methodologic domains were based on the evaluations of two experienced investigators who independently reviewed articles using an objective quality assessment form.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Quality in each of five domains (representativeness, bias and confounding, intervention description, outcomes and follow-up, and statistical quality and interpretation) measured as the percentage of methodologic criteria met by each study.

RESULTS:

Thirty-six randomized controlled trials and 45 other studies were evaluated. The mean quality score for the randomized, controlled clinical trials was 63% (range, 11%-88%), and for the other studies the score was 45% (range, 3%-83%). The mean domain scores were 65% for description of therapy (range, 0%-100%), 62% for statistical analysis (range, 0%-100%), 58% for representativeness (range, 0%-94%), 49% for outcomes assessment (range, 0%-83%), and 30% for bias and confounding (range, 0%-83%). Twenty-five of the studies (31%) received a score of 0% in the bias and confounding domain for not randomizing patients, not masking the observers to treatment group, and not having equivalent groups at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS:

Greater methodologic rigor and more detailed reporting of study results, particularly in the area of bias and confounding, could improve the quality of published clinical studies assessing the surgical management of coexisting cataract and glaucoma.

Pensil americano florido en el rigor del invierno, ó Aparición de la milagrosa imagen de Guadalupe

UANL

Pensil americano florido en el rigor del invierno, la imágen de María Santísima de Guadalupe, aparecida en la corte de la septentrional América México, en donde escribia esta historia Don Ignacio Carrilloy Pérez... año de 1793

UANL

Pensil americano florido en el rigor del invierno, la imagen de María Santísima de Guadalupe, aparecida en la corte de la septentrional América México, en donde escribía esta historia

UANL

Cauchy : el triunfo del rigor.

Recorrido por la figura de Augustin Louis Cauchy. tras un repaso por su vida y los datos más revelantes de su biografía, se exponen sus principales teorías con el análisis de sus obras más destacadas. Se hace especial énfasis en la teoría de funciones de variable compleja, su principal aportación al mundo de las matemáticas.

El moviment. L'observació directa, la seva representació gràfica i la construcció de mecanismes. Relativitzar el punt de vista propi, el rigor en el treball i el gust per la inventiva. 'El movimiento. La observació directa, su representación gráfica y la construcción de mecanismos. Relativizar el punto de vista propio, el rigor en el trabajo y el gusto por la inventiva'.

Crédito de ciencias experimentales para alumnos de 12-16 años que pretende darle al movimiento un planteamiento más amplio que el tradicional. Contiene conceptos del campo de la física, la tecnología, la geología y la biología. Se inicia con el concepto de movimiento en general y las formas de describir y representar graficamente algunos movimientos sencillos. A continuación se introduce la idea de que el movimiento de un objeto puede ser transmitido a otros mediante algunos mecanismos. Sigue con el estudio de movimientos en la naturaleza: movimientos de la tierra, la luna, las estrellas.

Curriculum : opiniones y búsqueda de rigor conceptual.

Este estudio aborda una perspectiva epistemológica en la elaboración del currículo. Tanto el currículo como la epistemología son instrumentos al servicio del hombre y su contexto social e ideológico y se desarrollan según la teoría educativa que la sociedad adopte. Se considera la educación como un proceso personalizante y socializante que forma hombres críticos, poseedores de los límites de sus criterios, que busquen la verdad y que investiguen en libertad. Se hace un recorrido por la historia del desarrollo curricular y su vaivén entre la primacía del proceso de aprendizaje y la de los contenidos y objetivos cuantitativos. A continuación, se propone el currículo de base epistemológica, se justifica este tipo de perspectiva, y se define el papel del docente, que ha de conocer la estructura, la lógica y los procesos de lo que ha de enseñar, y saber adecuarlos a los destinatarios. Para terminar, se considera que el currículo ha de abarcarse desde la interdisciplinariedad, que permite analizar los problemas con un método crítico que detecta errores desde todos los ámbitos del saber.

Rigor y esfuerzo en la secundaria francesa.

Resumen tomado de la revista

Paulo Leminski : um estudo sobre o rigor e o relaxo em suas poesias

O trabalho examina a trajetória da poesia de Paulo Leminski, buscando estabelecer os termos do humor, da pesquisa metalingüística e do eu-lírico, e que não deixa de exibir traços da poesia marginal dos 70. Um autor que trabalhou com a busca do rigor concretista mediante os procedimentos da fala cotidiana mais ou menos relaxada. O esforço poético do curitibano Leminski é uma “linha que nunca termina” – ele escreveu poesias, romances, peças de publicidade, letras de música e fez traduções. Em todas suas ações, verifica-se o mesmo traço: a execução rigorosa dos ensinamentos dos faber poetas, na tradição poundiana, permeada pelo relaxo típico dos artífices marginais de um Brasil literário oscilando entre a gandaia e o rigor.