History of Newfields, New Hampshire, 1638-1911,

Mode of access: Internet.

The history of the reformation of the Church of England /

v. 1. The first part: Of the progress made in the reformation during the reign of King Henry VIII.--v. 2. The second part: Of the progress made in the reformation till the settlement of it in the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's reign.--v. 3. The third part: Being a supplement to the two formerly published.--v. 4-5. A collection of records, letters, and original papers, with other instruments referred to in the first [and second] part[s] ... [Appendices] concerning some of the errors and falsehoods in Sanders' book of the English schism.--v. 6. A collection of records ... [etc.] referred to in the third part ... --v. 7. Editors preface. Corrigenda et addenda. Chronological index of records. General index.

History of East Haven /

The History of East Haven, by Sarah E. Hughes, includes a reprint of several chapters of the first part of Stephen Dodd's East Haven register. The appended reprint, issued under title "East Haven register," includes the second and third parts of the original work.

History of Europe during the Middle Ages /

Includes index.

The conserved quantity theory of causation and chance raising

In this paper I offer an 'integrating account' of singular causation, where the term 'integrating' refers to the following program for analysing causation. There are two intuitions about causation, both of which face serious counterexamples when used as the basis for an analysis of causation. The 'process' intuition, which says that causes and effects are linked by concrete processes, runs into trouble with cases of misconnections', where an event which serves to prevent another fails to do so on a particular occasion and yet the two events are linked by causal processes. The chance raising intuition, according to which causes raise the chance of their effects, easily accounts for misconnections but faces the problem of chance lowering causes, a problem easily accounted for by the process approach. The integrating program attempts to provide an analysis of singular causation by synthesising the two insights, so as to solve both problems. In this paper I show that extant versions of the integrating program due to Eells, Lewis, and Menzies fail to account for the chance-lowering counterexample. I offer a new diagnosis of the chance lowering case, and use that as a basis for an integrating account of causation which does solve both cases. In doing so, I accept various assumptions of the integrating program, in particular that there are no other problems with these two approaches. As an example of the process account, I focus on the recent CQ theory of Wesley Salmon (1997).

Causal loops and the independence of causal facts

According to Hugh Mellor in Real Time II (1998, Ch. 12), assuming the logical independence of causal facts and the 'law of large numbers', causal loops are impossible because if they were possible they would produce inconsistent sets of frequencies. I clarify the argument, and argue that it would be preferable to abandon the relevant independence assumption in the case of causal loops.

Review of 'The Thai Village Economy in the Past'

This charmingly old-fashioned little book was first published in Thai in 1984, and now appears in an elegant English translation. The two major intellectual influences that gave it birth are rather older, dating from the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s. The first developed from the intersection of the academic pre-eminence of varieties of Marxist thinking about the Third World and the struggles of anticolonial peasant-based revolutionaries and produced a high age of romanticism about the Southeast Asian village and the unfortunate victims who inhabited them. The origins of the second are more uncertain, but probably represent, paradoxically, a Thai appropriation of those Western social-science constructions of Thai cultural uniqueness which were especially popular in the 1950s and 1960s.