FORMAÇÃO E ATUAÇÃO DAS PROFESSORAS INDÍGENAS DA ALDEIA PIAÇAGÜERA

O presente trabalho investiga a formação e a atuação das professoras indígenas da Escola Estadual Indígena Tupi-Guarani Ywy Pyaú, localizada no município de Peruíbe, Litoral Sul do Estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que assume a perspectiva narrativa na medida em que recorram à história oral dos sujeitos envolvidos, contemplando aspectos significativos para a sua formação profissional que venham ajudar a compreender sua prática cotidiana. a presente pesquisa evidencia que apesar do aporte legal emanado a partir de 1988, o direito à educação escolar indígena - específica e diferenciada - ainda não está garantido. Através das entrevistas e nas visitas efetuadas na escola da aldeia Piaçagüera pude observar a existência de demandas que merecem e necessitam de soluções eficazes e urgentes por parte do poder público, pois se constituem em entraves significativos para a consecução do projeto político pedagógico das escolas indígenas. Além disso, a condição do professor indígena como portador da tradição do grupo e ao mesmo tempo como representante do saber instituído coloca paradoxos à formação e ao exercício da profissão docente. Estas questões devem ser equacionadas a partir da visão dos povos indígenas numa perspectiva de autonomia e respeito à diversidade.

FORMAÇÃO E ATUAÇÃO DAS PROFESSORAS INDÍGENAS DA ALDEIA PIAÇAGÜERA

O presente trabalho investiga a formação e a atuação das professoras indígenas da Escola Estadual Indígena Tupi-Guarani Ywy Pyaú, localizada no município de Peruíbe, Litoral Sul do Estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que assume a perspectiva narrativa na medida em que recorram à história oral dos sujeitos envolvidos, contemplando aspectos significativos para a sua formação profissional que venham ajudar a compreender sua prática cotidiana. a presente pesquisa evidencia que apesar do aporte legal emanado a partir de 1988, o direito à educação escolar indígena - específica e diferenciada - ainda não está garantido. Através das entrevistas e nas visitas efetuadas na escola da aldeia Piaçagüera pude observar a existência de demandas que merecem e necessitam de soluções eficazes e urgentes por parte do poder público, pois se constituem em entraves significativos para a consecução do projeto político pedagógico das escolas indígenas. Além disso, a condição do professor indígena como portador da tradição do grupo e ao mesmo tempo como representante do saber instituído coloca paradoxos à formação e ao exercício da profissão docente. Estas questões devem ser equacionadas a partir da visão dos povos indígenas numa perspectiva de autonomia e respeito à diversidade.

FORMAÇÃO E ATUAÇÃO DAS PROFESSORAS INDÍGENAS DA ALDEIA PIAÇAGÜERA

O presente trabalho investiga a formação e a atuação das professoras indígenas da Escola Estadual Indígena Tupi-Guarani Ywy Pyaú, localizada no município de Peruíbe, Litoral Sul do Estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que assume a perspectiva narrativa na medida em que recorram à história oral dos sujeitos envolvidos, contemplando aspectos significativos para a sua formação profissional que venham ajudar a compreender sua prática cotidiana. a presente pesquisa evidencia que apesar do aporte legal emanado a partir de 1988, o direito à educação escolar indígena - específica e diferenciada - ainda não está garantido. Através das entrevistas e nas visitas efetuadas na escola da aldeia Piaçagüera pude observar a existência de demandas que merecem e necessitam de soluções eficazes e urgentes por parte do poder público, pois se constituem em entraves significativos para a consecução do projeto político pedagógico das escolas indígenas. Além disso, a condição do professor indígena como portador da tradição do grupo e ao mesmo tempo como representante do saber instituído coloca paradoxos à formação e ao exercício da profissão docente. Estas questões devem ser equacionadas a partir da visão dos povos indígenas numa perspectiva de autonomia e respeito à diversidade.

What is the relation of academic preparation, experience, intelligence, achievement, and sex of rural teachers in Mississippi to their pay?

Thesis note on label mounted on p.2 of cover.

Thirty years in health education; a report on the preparation and use of the Health bulletin for teachers, 1929-1959.

Mode of access: Internet.

Preparation and Study of Optical Properties of CdS, CdS-TiO2 and CdS-Au Nanocomposites for Photonic Applications

Nanophotonics can be regarded as a fusion of nanotechnology and photonics and it is an emerging field providing researchers opportunities in fundamental science and new technologies. In recent times many new methodsand techniques have been developed to prepare materials at nanoscale dimensions. Most of these materials exhibit unique and interesting optical properties and behavior. Many of these have been found to be very useful to develop new devices and systems such as tracers in biological systems, optical limiters, light emitters and energy harvesters. This thesis presents a summary of the work done by the author in the field by choosing a few semiconductor systems to prepare nanomaterials and nanocomposites. Results of the study of linear and nonlinear optical properties of materials thus synthesized are also presented in the various chapters of this thesis. CdS is the material chosen here and the methods and the studies of the detailed investigation are presented in this thesis related to the optical properties of CdS nanoparticles and its composites. Preparation and characterization methods and experimental techniques adopted for the investigations were illustrated in chapter 2 of this thesis. Chapter 3 discusses the preparation of CdS, TiO2 and Au nanoparticles. We observed that the fluorescence behaviour of the CdS nanoparticles, prepared by precipitation technique, depends on excitation wavelength. It was found that the peak emission wavelength can be shifted by as much as 147nm by varyingthe excitation wavelengths and the reason for this phenomenon is the selective excitation of the surface states in the nanoparticles. This provided certain amount of tunability for the emission which results from surface states.TiO2 nanoparticle colloids were prepared by hydrothermal method. The optical absorption study showed a blue shift of absorption edge, indicating quantum confinement effect. The large spectral range investigated allows observing simultaneously direct and indirect band gap optical recombination. The emission studies carried out show four peaks, which are found to be generated from excitonic as well as surface state transitions. It was found that the emission wavelengths of these colloidal nanoparticles and annealed nanoparticles showed two category of surface state emission in addition to the excitonic emission. Au nanoparticles prepared by Turkevich method showed nanoparticles of size below 5nm using plasmonic absorption calculation. It was also found that there was almost no variation in size as the concentration of precursor was changed from 0.2mM to 0.4mM.We have observed SHG from CdS nanostructured thin film prepared onglass substrate by chemical bath deposition technique. The results point out that studied sample has in-plane isotropy. The relative values of tensor components of the second-order susceptibility were determined to be 1, zzz 0.14, xxz and 0.07. zxx These values suggest that the nanocrystals are oriented along the normal direction. However, the origin of such orientation remains unknown at present. Thus CdS is a promising nonlinear optical material for photonic applications, particularly for integrated photonic devices. CdS Au nanocomposite particles were prepared by mixing CdS nanoparticles with Au colloidal nanoparticles. Optical absorption study of these nanoparticles in PVA solution suggests that absorption tail was red shifted compared to CdS nanoparticles. TEM and EDS analysis suggested that the amount of Au nanoparticles present on CdS nanoparticles is very small. Fluorescence emission is unaffected indicating the presence of low level of Au nanoparticles. CdS:Au PVA and CdS PVA nanocomposite films were fabricated and optically characterized. The results showed a red-shift for CdS:Au PVA film for absorption tail compared to CdS PVA film. Nonlinear optical analysis showed a huge nonlinear optical absorption for CdS:Au PVA nanocomposite and CdS:PVA films. Also an enhancement in nonlinear optical absorption is found for CdS:Au PVA thin film compared to the CdS PVA thin film. This enhancement is due to the combined effect of plasmonic as well as excitonic contribution at high input intensity. Samples of CdS doped with TiO2 were also prepared and the linear optical absorption spectra of these nanocompositeparticles clearly indicated the influence of TiO2 nanoparticles. TEM and EDS studies have confirmed the presence of TiO2 on CdS nanoparticles. Fluorescence studies showed that there is an increase in emission peak around 532nm for CdS nanoparticles. Nonlinear optical analysis of CdS:TiO2 PVA nanocomposite films indicated a large nonlinear optical absorption compared to that of CdS:PVA nanocomposite film. The values of nonlinear optical absorption suggests that these nanocomposite particles can be employed for optical limiting applications. CdSe-CdS and CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs with varying shell size were characterized using UV–VIS spectroscopy. Optical absorption and TEM analysis of these QDs suggested a particle size around 5 nm. It is clearly shown that the surface coating influences the optical properties of QDs in terms of their size. Fluorescence studies reveal the presence of trap states in CdSe-CdS and CdSe- ZnS QDs. Trap states showed an increase as a shell for CdS is introduced and increasing the shell size of CdS beyond a certain value leads to a decrease in the trap state emission. There is no sizeable nonlinear optical absorption observed. In the case of CdSe- ZnS QDs, the trap state emission gets enhanced with the increase in ZnS shell thickness. The enhancement of emission from trap states transition due to the increase in thickness of ZnS shell gives a clear indication of distortion occurring in the spherical symmetry of CdSe quantum dots. Consequently the nonlinear optical absorption of CdSe-ZnS QDs gets increased and the optical limiting threshold is decreased as the shell thickness is increased in respect of CdSe QDs. In comparison with CdSe-CdS QDs, CdSe-ZnS QDs possess much better optical properties and thereby CdSe-ZnS is a strong candidate for nonlinear as well as linear optical applications.

Graphite-silicone rubber composite electrode: Preparation and possibilities of analytical application

Composite electrodes were prepared using graphite powder and silicone rubber in different compositions. The use of such hydrophopic materials interned to diminish the swallowing observed in other cases when the electrodes are used in aqueous solutions for a long time. The composite was characterized for the response reproducibility, ohmic resistance, thermal behavior and active area. The voltammetric response in relation to analytes with known voltammetric behavior was also evaluated, always in comparison with the glassy carbon. The 70% (graphite, w/w) composite electrode was used in the quantitative determination of hydroquinone (HQ) in a DPV procedure in which a detection limit of 5.1 x 10(-8) mol L-1 was observed. HQ was determined in a photographic developer sample with errors lower then 1% in relation to the label value. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Healing process of dog teeth after post space preparation and exposition of the filling material to the oral environment

Foi propósito deste estudo analisar a influência da infiltração marginal coronária no comportamento dos tecidos periapicais de dentes de cães após obturação de canal e preparo para pino. Quarenta canais de dentes de cães foram instrumentados e obturados pela técnica da condensação lateral com cones de guta percha e os cimentos Roth e Sealer 26. Após preparo para pino, o remanescente da obturação foi protegido ou não com um plug do cimento temporário Lumicon. Após exposição ao meio oral por 90 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e as peças preparadas para análise histomorfológica. A técnica de Brown e Brenn mostrou 70% de casos com infiltração de microrganismos para o cimento Roth e 20% com o Sealer 26. Quando um plug de Lumicon foi empregado ocorreu 30% de casos de infiltração de microrganismos com o cimento Roth e 0,0% com o cimento Sealer 26. Reação inflamatória crônica foi mais freqüentemente observada com o cimento Roth do que com o Sealer 26. Foi concluído que o plug de Lumicon é eficiente no controle da infiltração coronária (p=0.05) e que o Sealer 26 foi mais biocompatível e selou melhor os canais radiculares do que o cimento Roth (p=0.01).

Preparation and Characterization of Graphite-Epoxy Composite Modified with Zinc Hexacyanoferrate and Their Electrochemical Behaviour in Presence of Substituted Anilines

The growth of zinc hexacyanoferrate (ZnHCF) hybrid film on the surface of graphite-epoxy composite (GEC) electrodes was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry. Surface morphology of the hybrid film was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy. The effect of the type of monovalent cations on the redox behaviour of hybrid film was also studied. This effect indicated that the radius of the hydrated cation mainly determines the ion permeability of the film.The electrochemical behavior of the substituted anilines (procaine and sulfamerazine) in 1 M KCl of the modified GEC electrode showed a decrease of the cathodic currents while increasing the concentration of these analytes. The developed sensor also showed excellent stability for long time usage, higher sensitivity and cost-effective fabrication.

Preparation and characterization of LiNi0.8Co0.2O2/PANI microcomposite electrode materials under assisted ultrasonic irradiation

A preparation method for a new electrode material based on the LiNi0.8Co0.2O2/polyaniline (PANI) composite is reported. This material is prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 assisted by ultrasonic irradiation. The materials are characterized by XRD, TG-DTA, FTIR, XPS, SEM-EDX, AFM, nitrogen adsorption (BET surface area) and electrical conductivity measurements. PANI in the emeraldine salt form interacts with metal-oxide particles to assure good connectivity. The dc electrical conductivity measurements at room temperature indicate that conductivity values are one order of magnitude higher in the composite than in the oxide alone. This behavior determines better reversibility for Li-insertion in charge-discharge cycles compared to the pristine mixed oxide when used as electrode of lithium batteries. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Preparation and properties of ferroelectric Pb1-xCaxTiO3 thin films produced by the polymeric precursor method

Pb1- xCaxTiO3 thin films with x = 0.24 composition were prepared by the polymeric precursor method on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. The surface morphology and crystal structure, and the ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the films were investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns of the films revealed their polycrystalline nature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses showed the surface of these thin films to be smooth, dense and crack-free with low surface roughness. The multilayer Pb1-xCaxTO3 thin films were granular in structure with a grain size of approximately 60-70 nm. The dielectric constant and dissipation factor were, respectively, 174 and 0.04 at a 1 kHz frequency. The 600-nm thick film showed a current density leakage in the order of 10(-7) A/cm(2) in an electric field of about 51 kV/cm. The C-V characteristics of perovskite thin films showed normal ferroelectric behavior. The remanent polarization and coercive field for the deposited films were 15 muC/cm(2) and 150 kV/cm, respectively. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Preparation and characterization of PEG-coated silica nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Preparation and characterization of Zircaloy 4-Tantalum alloys for application in corrosive media

Two Zircaloy 4-Ta alloys (14 and 55 wt.% Ta) were produced by arc-melting. The alloys were hot-rolled at 900 degrees C and heat-treated under argon atmosphere for 100 h at 700 degrees C. The alloys were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The microstructure of both rolled and heat-treated alloys is constituted of (beta Zr,Ta)-II Ta-rich precipitates dispersed in a (alpha Zr) matrix. Corrosion tests performed in boiling concentrated H2SO4 solutions showed that the Zircaloy 4-Ta alloys are more corrosion resistant than Zircaloy 4 and that the corrosion resistance increases with increasing Ta content. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FAD DEPENDENT NADPH CYTOCHROME P-450 REDUCTASE (FLAVOPROTEINS, APOFLAVOPROTEIN)

NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase releases FMN and FAD upon dilution into slightly acidic potassium bromide. The flavins are released with positive cooperativity. Dithiothreitol protects the FAD dependent cytochrome c reductase activity against inactivation by free radicals. Behavior in potassium bromide is sensitive to changes in the pH. High performance hydroxylapatite resolved the FAD dependent reductase from holoreductase. For 96% FAD dependent reductase, the overall yield was 12%.^ High FAD dependence was matched by a low FAD content, with FAD/FMN as low as 0.015. There were three molecules of FMN for every four molecules of reductase. The aporeductase had negligible activity towards cytochrome c, ferricyanide, menadione, dichlorophenolindophenol, nitro blue tetrazolium, oxygen and acetyl pyridine adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A four minute incubation in FAD reconstituted one half to all of the specific activity, per milligram protein, of untreated reductase, depending upon the substrate. After a two hour reconstitution, the reductase eluted from hydroxylapatite at the location of holoreductase. It had little flavin dependence, was equimolar in FMN and FAD, and had nearly the specific activity (per mole flavin) of untreated reductase.^ The lack of activity and the ability of FMN to also reconstitute suggest that the redox center of FAD is essential for catalysis, rather than for structure. Dependence upon FAD is consistent with existing hypotheses for the catalytic cycle of the reductase. ^

Study of the quality of the preparation and performance of educational personnel : external reactor panel reports /

Cover title.