Valorização de resíduos industriais na formulação de produtos e pigmentos cerâmicos: processamento e desenvolvimento de cor

A valorização de diferentes resíduos industriais provenientes dosector de tratamento/revestimento de superfícies metálicas pode ser obtida utilizando-os como matérias-primas na formulação de pigmentos cerâmicos, sintetizados pelo método cerâmico convencional. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a viabilidade de incorporar lamas geradas pelos processos de (i) anodização, ricas em alumínio, (ii) de niquelagem e cromagem de torneiras, usadas como fonte de níquel e crómio, e (iii) da decapagem química de aços de uma trefilaria, ricas em ferro, utilizadas por si só, ou em conjunto com matérias-primas comerciais, para a obtenção depigmentos cerâmicos que coram, de forma estável, diversas matrizes cerâmicas e vítreas. Esta solução assegura ainda a inertização de potenciaisespécies perigosas presentes nos resíduos, resultando produtos inócuospara a saúde pública. Procedeu-se à caracterização de cada resíduo, em termos de composição química e mineralógica, comportamento térmico, grau de toxicidade, distribuição granulométrica, teor de humidade, etc. Verificou-se a constância das características das lamas, recorrendo à análise de lotes recolhidos em momentos distintos. Os resíduos são essencialmente constituídos por hidróxidos metálicos e foram utilizados após secagem e desagregação. No entanto, a lama de anodização de alumínio sofreu um tratamento térmico suplementar a 1400ºC. O método de síntese dos pigmentos englobou as seguintes etapas: (i) doseamento; (ii) homogeneização; (iii) calcinação; (iv) lavagem e moagem.Procedeu-se à caracterização dos pigmentos, avaliando a cor por espectroscopia de reflectância difusae pelo método CIELAB e determinando as características físico-químicas relevantes. Posteriormente, testou-se o seu desempenho em produtos cerâmicos distintos (corpos e vidrados), aferindo o desempenho cromático e a estabilidade. Numa primeira fase, desenvolveram-se e caracterizaram-se tipos distintos de pigmentos: (i) com base na estrutura do corundo (ii) verde Victória deuvarovite (iii) violeta de cassiterite com crómio (iv) pigmento carmim de malaiaíte; (v)pretos e castanhos com base na estrutura da espinela. Aprofundaram-se depois os estudos do pigmento carmim de malaiaítee do pigmento preto com base na estrutura da espinela. O pigmento carmim de malaiaíte, CaSnSiO5:Cr2O3, é formulado coma lama gerada no processo de niquelagem e cromagem. Avaliou-se a influência do teor de lama na temperatura de síntese e na qualidade cromática, em comparação com um pigmento formulado com reagentes puros. O pigmento preto com estrutura de espinela de níquel, crómio e ferro, foii formulado exclusivamente a partir das lamas geradas nos processos de cromagem/niquelagem e de decapagem química do aço. Avaliaram-se as características cromáticas e o grau de inertização dos elementos tóxicospresentes, em função da estequiometria e do tratamento térmico. Estudou-se ainda um novo sistema com base na estrutura da hibonite(CaAl12O19), que permite a obtenção de pigmentos azuis e que utiliza a lama de cromagem e niquelagem. As espécies cromóforas (Ni2+ ou Co2+) assumem coordenação tetraédrica quando substituem os iões Al3+ que ocupam as posições M5 da rede da hibonite. A formação simultânea de anortite permite reduzir a temperatura de síntese.Para além do carácter inovador deste pigmento de dissolução sólida, a qualidade cromática e a sua estabilidade são interessantes. Além disso, os teores de cobalto ou níquel são reduzidosrelativamente aos utilizados em formulações comerciais de pigmentos azuis, o que se traduz em importantes vantagens económicas e ambientais.

Estudio de los pigmentos cerámicos por el método sol-gel amarillo de indialita-V y azul de indialita-Ni [por] Claudia Liliana Estrada Montañez

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Ingeniería Cerámica) U.A.N.L.

Síntese e caracterização de espinélios a base de Cu, Fe e Cr para pigmentos cerâmicos

Inorganic pigment comprises a host lattice, which is part of the chromophore component (usually a transition metal cation) and possible components modifiers, which stabilize, add or restate the properties pigments. Among the materials with spinel, ferrites, and the chromite stand out, because they have broad technological importance in the area of materials, applicability, pigments, catalytic hydrogenation, thin film, ceramic tiles, among others. The present work, pigments containing CuFe2O4, CuCr2O4,e CuFeCrO4, were synthesized by a method that makes use of gelatin as organic precursor using their application to ceramic pigments. The pigments were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) spectroscopy in the UV-visible and Colorimetry. The results confirmed the feasibility of the synthetic route used, with respect to powders synthesized, there is the formation of spinel phase from 500°C, with an increase in crystallinity and the formation of other phases. The pigments were shown to be crystalline and the desired phases were obtained. The copper chromite have hues ranging from green to black according to the calcination temperature, while the copper chromite doped with iron had brownish. The ferrites showed copper color and darker brown to black, which may indicate an interesting factor because of the importance of black pigment

Síntese de pigmentos cerâmicos inorgânicos nanométricos e encapsulados com estrutura core-shell pela rota dos precursores poliméricos

The present work has as objective the development of ceramic pigments based in iron oxides and cobalt through the polymeric precursor method, as well as study their characteristics and properties using methods of physical, chemical, morphological and optical characterizations.In this work was used iron nitrate, and cobalt citrate as precursor and nanometer silica as a matrix. The synthesis was based on dissolving the citric acid as complexing agent, addition of metal oxides, such as chromophores ions and polymerization with ethylene glycol. The powder obtained has undergone pre-ignition, breakdown and thermal treatments at different calcination temperatures (700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C, 1000 °C and 1100 °C). Thermogravimetric analyzes were performed (BT) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), in order to evaluate the term decomposition of samples, beyond characterization by techniques such as BET, which classified as microporous materials samples calcined at 700 ° C, 800 º C and 900 º C and non-porous when annealed at 1000 ° C and 1100 º C, X-ray diffraction (XRD), which identified the formation of two crystalline phases, the Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) and Cristobalite (SiO2), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the formation of agglomerates of particles slightly rounded;and Analysis of Colorimetry, temperature of 700 °C, 800 °C and 900 °C showed a brown color and 1000 °C and 1100 °C violet

Síntese de pigmentos cerâmicos inorgânicos nanométricos pela rota dos precursores poliméricos

Considering the constant evolution of technology in growth and the need for production techniques in the ceramics area to move forward together, we sought in this study, the research and development of polymeric precursor method to obtain inorganic ceramic pigments. Method that provides quality to obtain the precursor powders of oxides and pigments at the same time, offers time and cost advantages, such as reproducibility, purity and low temperature heat treatment, control of stoichiometry. This work used chromium nitrate and iron nitrate as precursors. The synthesis is based on the dissolution of citric acid as a complexing agent, addition of metal oxides, such as ion chromophores; polymerization with ethylene glycol and doping with titanium oxide. Passing through precalcination, breakdown, thermal treatments at different temperatures of calcination (700 to 1100 oC), resulting in pigments: green for chromium oxide deposited on TiO2 (CrTiO3) and orange for iron oxide deposited on TiO2 ( FeTiO3). Noticing an increase of opacity with increasing temperature. Were performed thermal analysis (TG and ATD) in order to evaluate its thermodecomposition. The powders were also characterized by techniques such as XRD, revealing the formation of crystalline phases such as iron titanate (FeTiO3) and chrome titanate (CrTiO3), SEM, demonstrating formation of rounded particles for both oxides and Spectroscopy in the UV-Visible Region, verifying the potential variation and chromaticity os pigments. Thus, the synthesized oxides were within the requirements to be applied as pigments and shown to be possible to propose its use in ceramic materials

Síntese e caracterização do sistema ZrO2-SiO2 com adição de cobalto para uso como pigmentos cerâmicos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Síntese e caracterização estrutural de pigmentos cerâmicos a base de cromita por método químico

The ceramic pigments are colored inorganic substances that during the process of dispersion in the ceramic glazes and subsequent calcination, are stable against physical and chemical attack. Therefore, they are crystalline compounds applied in the ceramic industry for coloring vitreous base. In this study, the Pechini method was used for obtaining the pigment CuCr2O4 with heat treatment at the temperatures of 800, 900 and 1000 ° C. The powder pigments were characterized on their structural, morphological and colorimetric aspects. The thermal analysis conducted on an amorphous precursor in a TG / DTA indicates the weight loss in the entire temperature range investigated, with characteristic exothermic peak of the elimination of the organic composition of the precursor around 300°C. The development of the crystalline phases were investigated by XRD, using a diffractometer with Cu Ka radiation and graphite monochromator, where it was observed the presence of crystalline phases corresponding to Cr2O3 and CuCr2O4.The measurements of the specific surface area of the powders pigments were carried out in an equipment Micromeritcs, model ASAP 2000, using N2 as gas of adsorption/desorption. The colorimetric measurements of the pigments were made in a colorimeter Gretac Macbeth Color-eye spectrophotometer 2180 / 2180UV in CIELAB standards. Based on the obtained results, it can be verified the thermal stability of the powder pigments of green coloration, which enables it as an alternative to the materials currently used in the manufacture of ceramic tiles.

Síntese e caracterização de espinélios a base de Cu, Fe e Cr para pigmentos cerâmicos

Inorganic pigment comprises a host lattice, which is part of the chromophore component (usually a transition metal cation) and possible components modifiers, which stabilize, add or restate the properties pigments. Among the materials with spinel, ferrites, and the chromite stand out, because they have broad technological importance in the area of materials, applicability, pigments, catalytic hydrogenation, thin film, ceramic tiles, among others. The present work, pigments containing CuFe2O4, CuCr2O4,e CuFeCrO4, were synthesized by a method that makes use of gelatin as organic precursor using their application to ceramic pigments. The pigments were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) spectroscopy in the UV-visible and Colorimetry. The results confirmed the feasibility of the synthetic route used, with respect to powders synthesized, there is the formation of spinel phase from 500°C, with an increase in crystallinity and the formation of other phases. The pigments were shown to be crystalline and the desired phases were obtained. The copper chromite have hues ranging from green to black according to the calcination temperature, while the copper chromite doped with iron had brownish. The ferrites showed copper color and darker brown to black, which may indicate an interesting factor because of the importance of black pigment

Síntese de pigmentos cerâmicos inorgânicos nanométricos e encapsulados com estrutura core-shell pela rota dos precursores poliméricos

The present work has as objective the development of ceramic pigments based in iron oxides and cobalt through the polymeric precursor method, as well as study their characteristics and properties using methods of physical, chemical, morphological and optical characterizations.In this work was used iron nitrate, and cobalt citrate as precursor and nanometer silica as a matrix. The synthesis was based on dissolving the citric acid as complexing agent, addition of metal oxides, such as chromophores ions and polymerization with ethylene glycol. The powder obtained has undergone pre-ignition, breakdown and thermal treatments at different calcination temperatures (700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C, 1000 °C and 1100 °C). Thermogravimetric analyzes were performed (BT) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), in order to evaluate the term decomposition of samples, beyond characterization by techniques such as BET, which classified as microporous materials samples calcined at 700 ° C, 800 º C and 900 º C and non-porous when annealed at 1000 ° C and 1100 º C, X-ray diffraction (XRD), which identified the formation of two crystalline phases, the Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) and Cristobalite (SiO2), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the formation of agglomerates of particles slightly rounded;and Analysis of Colorimetry, temperature of 700 °C, 800 °C and 900 °C showed a brown color and 1000 °C and 1100 °C violet

Pigmentos a base de Cobalto para aplicação em revestimentos cerâmicos

Ceramic pigments that own mainly the spinel structure AB2O4 are becoming a matter of great scientific and technological interest due to the ability of accommodate different cations in its structure, allowing different dopings and thus obtaining different colors. Studies on ceramic pigments currently are being directed to the development of stable and pigments obtained at low temperatures and with greater reproducibility. This work aims at the use of inorganic pigments for applications in ceramic tiles, investigating the influence of doping and calcination temperature on the coloring pigments and ceramic glazes. the based pigments of CoCr2O4, CoAl2O4, Co0,8Zn0,2Cr2O4 and Co0,8Zn0,2Al2O4 were synthesized by a chemical route using commercial gelatin as organic precursor. The materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the UVVisible region and colorimetry. The results confirmed the feasibility of synthesis used, the route presented pigments crystal structures and the desired phases were obtained from 500 °C with increased crystallinity and the crystallite size. The pigments have hues ranging from green to violet according to their doping and calcination temperatures.

Reindustrialização de resíduos galvânicos como matérias-primas para esmaltes cerâmicos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Synthesis and characterization of lanthanum- and yttrium-doped Fe2O3 pigments

MELO, D. M. A. et al. Synthesis and charactezarion of lanthanum and yttrium doped Fe2O3 pigments. Cerâmica, São Paulo, v. 53, p. 79-82, 2007.

Otimização do processo de síntese do aluminato de cobalto via método de polimerização de complexos (MPC) através do planejamento fatorial fracionado

In the ceramics industry are becoming more predominantly inorganic nature pigments. Studies in this area allow you to develop pigments with more advanced properties and qualities to be used in the industrial context. Studies on synthesis and characterization of cobalt aluminate has been widely researched, cobalt aluminate behavior at different temperatures of calcinations, highlighting especially the temperatures of 700, 800 and 900° C that served as a basis in the development of this study, using the method of polymerization of complex (CPM), economic, and this method applied in ceramic pigment synthesis. The procedure was developed from a fractional factorial design 2 (5-2) in order to optimize the process of realization of the cobalt aluminate (CoAl2O4), having as response surfaces the batch analysis data of Uv-vis spectroscopy conducted from the statistic software 7.0, for this were chosen five factors as input variables: citric acid (stoichiometric manner), puff or pyrolysis time (h), temperature (° C), and calcinations (° C/min), at levels determined for this study. By applying statistics in the process of obtaining the CoAl2O4 is possible the study of these factors and which may have greater influence in getting the synthesis. The pigments characterized TG/DSC analyses, and x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDS) in order to establish the structural and morphological aspects of pigment CoAl2O4, among the factors studied it were found to statically with increasing calcinations temperature 700°< 800 <900 °C, the bands of Uv-vis decrease with increasing intensity of absorbance and that with increasing time of puff or pyrolysis (h) there is an increase in bands of Uv-vis proportionally, the generated model set for the conditions proposed in this study because the coefficient of determination can explain about 99.9% of the variance (R²), response surfaces generated were satisfactory, so it s possible applicability in the ceramics industry of pigments

Synthesis and characterization of lanthanum- and yttrium-doped Fe2O3 pigments

MELO, D. M. A. et al. Synthesis and charactezarion of lanthanum and yttrium doped Fe2O3 pigments. Cerâmica, São Paulo, v. 53, p. 79-82, 2007.

Synthesis and characterization of lanthanum- and yttrium-doped Fe2O3 pigments

MELO, D. M. A. et al. Synthesis and charactezarion of lanthanum and yttrium doped Fe2O3 pigments. Cerâmica, São Paulo, v. 53, p. 79-82, 2007.