Endocytic activity in the thrombocytes of the turtle Phrynopys hilarii (freshwater South American species)

The phagocytic process in cells depends on lysosomal enzymes, high-energy metabolism and cellular recognition. In this paper, we investigated the presence of energy and recognition factors in thrombocytes of turtle Phrynopys hilarii (a freshwater South American species). Turtle thrombocytes (P. hilarii) present glycogen - possibly β particles - dispersed in their cytoplasm and glycoproteins in the cell surface, as well as a large number of enzymes involved in the endocytic process (Pellizzon, 1996). The activity of these enzymes depends on high-energy metabolism and on cellular recognition provided by specific glycoconjugates (Alberts et al., 1994). This metabolic characterization is demonstrated by the large amount of glycogen particles observed in the cytoplasm by Thiéry's method. Glycogen labeling was also observed when concanavalin A-peroxidase was used as a marker for thrombocytes and for endocyted charcoal particles. Our results show that these cells have phagocytic ability, suggesting that their function in blood circulation is not limited to aggregation but may also involve a great potential for phagocytosis.

The thrombocyte aggregation process in the turtle Phrynopys hilarii (Chelonia). An ultrastructural study

This study investigates the thrombocyte aggregation process in the South American fresh water turtle (Phrynopys hilarii) using electron microscopy. Blood was taken from surgically exposed lateral neck vessels often turtles Phrynopys hilarii during the spring and summer seasons, when the mean temperature is 37°C. Blood samples were fixed with Karnovsky solution for processing by transmission electron microscopy. The turtle thrombocytes were spindle-shaped with lobulated nuclei. Prominent vesicles and canaliculi were found throughout the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm organelles showed an agranular endoplasmatic reticulum, Golgi complex near the centrioles and scattered free ribosomes. These cells are similar to bird thrombocytes but distinct from fish and frog thrombocytes. Blood clotting time was 5 min ± 30 sec measured by the Lee and White method. Structural alterations resulting from the aggregation process occurred after activation. Thrombocytes developed numerous filopodial projections, an increased number of vacuoles and changed from spindle to spherical shape. P. hilarii thrombocytes have different morphologic characteristics compared to other non-mammalian vertebrate cells. These cells can participate in the aggregation process, as observed in birds.

1.° Vita sancti Hilarii, Pictaviensis Episcopi : authore Fortunato, Episcopo. — 2.° Vita sancti Apri, Confessoris. — 3.° Vita sancti Geraldi, Confessoris. — 4.° Vita sancti Amandi, Episcopi : additum est à Milone, Monacho, ejusdem vitae supplementum. — 5.° Sermo legendus in transitu ejusdem sancti Amandi. — 6.° Vita sancti Apollinaris, Episcopi Valentini. — 7.° Passio sancti Antonini, Apamiensis Martyris. — 8.° Passio sancti Prisci, Episcopi. — 9.° Passio sanctorum Vivianae et Flaviani. — 10.° Passio sancti Theodoreti. — 11.° Passio sanctorum Primi et Feliciani. — 12.° Vitae sanctorum Firmini et Ferreoli, Episcoporum Uceciensium. — 13.° Historia persecutionis Africanae, sive Wandalicae sub Genserico et Hunnerico, Vandalorum Regibus : authore Victore, Vitensi Episcopo. — 14.° Historiae Longobardorum libri quinque : authore Paulo Diacono.

Colbertinus

1.° Vita sancti Gregorii, Papae, libris quatuor : authore Joanne Diacono. — 2.° Anonymi homilia in illud Lucae : Intravit Jesus in quoddam castellum. — 3.° Vita beati Leonis, Papae. — 4.° Vita sancti Joannis, Evangelistae. — 5.° Vita sancti Mauri, Abbatis : authore Fausto, Monacho. — 6.° Vita S. Hilarii, Pictaviensis Episcopi. — 7. Vita sancti Silvestri, Papae. — 8.° Vita sancti Urbani, Papae. — 9.° Legenda de S. Barnaba, Apostolo. — 10.° Passio sancti Pauli, Apostoli. — 11.° Passio S. Calixti, Papae, et sociorum. — 12.° Gesta Pontificum Metensium, à sancto Clemente ad Bertramnum usque.

Puteanus

Officia in festis sanctorum Hilarii, Radegundis, Martialis.

F. 1-12 Offices de s. Hilaire : — Messe de la fête (9v) ; — Translation (11). F. 13-20 Offices de ste Radegonde : — Messes de la fête (17) ; — de la commémoration (19). F. 21-29v Offices de s. Martial : — Messe de la fête (29).

"Tractatus s. Hilarii, ep. Pictavensis, in evangelium Matthei.

N° II de la "liste des mss remis par Mr Van Praet à Mr du Theil le 17 brumaire an XIII (9 novembre 1804)"; cf. B.n.F., département des Manuscrits, Archives Modernes 520; — ex-libris du XVIIIe s. "Ex-libris domini prepositi de Seclheres" (1)

Patterns of oocyte development in natural habitat and captive Salminus hilarii Valenciennes, 1850 (Teleostei: Characidae)

Fecundity and oocyte development in Salminus hilarii female brood stock were analyzed with the aim of investigating the impact of migration impediment on oogenesis. Histological analyses of the ovaries were performed in adult females caught in two different environments-the TietA(a) River (natural) and captivity-and the gonadossomatic index, oocyte diameter and fecundity determined. Five germ cell development stages (oogonium, perinucleolar, cortical alveoli, vitellogenic, ripe) and two other structures (postovulatory follicles and atretic oocytes) were observed in females caught in the river. Captive animals lacked the ripe oocytes and postovulatory follicles and had a relatively higher number of atretic oocytes. Females in captivity are known to produce larger oocytes, and they release fewer eggs in each spawn (absolute fecundity) when compared with animals that are able to migrate. Our results suggest that the TietA(a) River is undergoing alterations which are being reflected in the reproductive performance of S. hilarii, mainly due to the presence of atretic oocytes in females caught in the river. The lack of postovulatory follicles and ripe oocytes in captive animals reveals that migratory impediment negatively impacts final oocyte maturation. However, the stage of maturation reached is adequate for ovulation induction with hormone manipulation.

Benzocaine and eugenol as anesthetics for Brycon hilarii

A utilização de produtos anestésicos durante práticas de manejo é frequentemente empregada, porém doses corretas de diferentes fármacos e para espécies distintas ainda estão em fases de pesquisa. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a melhor concentração de benzocaína e eugenol para juvenis de piraputanga (B. hilarii). Foram utilizados 104 juvenis de piraputanga com peso médio de 50,04 ± 20,80 g e comprimento total médio de 16,30 ± 12,32 cm adquiridos em uma piscicultura comercial localizada na região Oeste do Estado do Paraná. O trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Aquicultura do Grupo de Estudos de Manejo na Aquicultura - GEMAq da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE). Os animais foram submetidos a cinco concentrações de benzocaína (50,0; 100,0; 150,0; 200,0 e 250,0 mg L-1) e sete concentrações de eugenol (50,0; 100,0; 150,0; 200,0; 250,0; 300,0 e 350 mg L-1), para a aferição dos tempos referentes à letargia. Para a recuperação, os animais foram mantidos em aquários livre do anestésico e observado o tempo em que retornaram às atividades normais. A melhor dose de benzocaína verificada foi de 100 mg L-1, enquanto a melhor dose de eugenol foi entre 100 e 150 mg L-1.

Origin and differentiation of a sex chromosome system in Parodon hilarii (Pisces, Parodontidae). Satellite DNA, G- and C-banding

A satellite DNA sequence of Parodon hilarii ( named pPh2004) was isolated, cloned and sequenced. This satellite DNA is composed of 200 bp, 60% AT rich. In situ hybridization ( FISH) results revealed that the satellite DNA pPh2004 is located in the terminal regions of several chromosomes, forming highly evident blocks in some and punctual marks in others. The comparison between the FISH and C-banding results showed that the location of this satellite DNA coincides with that of most terminal heterochromatins. However, some regions are only marked by FISH whereas other regions are only marked by C-banding. The possible existence of more than one satellite DNA family could explain these partial differences. The in situ hybridization with the satellite DNA and the G- and C-bandings confirmed the presence of a sex chromosome system of the ZZ/ZW type in P. hilarii, as well as the correct identification of the Z chromosome in the karyotype. This chromosome displays a segment of terminal heterochromatin in the long arm, similar to the segment observed in the short arm of the W chromosome, also showing a G- banding pattern similar to that of the short arm and part of the long arm of the W chromosome. A hypothesis on the origin of the W chromosome from an ancestral chromosome similar to the Z chromosome is presented.

Phylogeny, ultrastructure, histopathology and prevalence of Myxobolus oliveirai sp. nov., a parasite of Brycon hilarii (Characidae) in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Radioautographic study of the seasonal distribution of leukocytes in turtles Phrynops hilarii (Chelonia Chelidae)

The aim of this study was to present a morphological description of the leukocytes of Phrynops hilarii turtles according to the seasonal distribution of these cells and to show their replacement in the blood circulation using a radioautographic method. Five animals of both sexes weighing 600-1200 g were used. The animal's blood was aspirated, smeared on glass slides, and stained with the Romanowsky stain, and 500 cells of each animal were counted during each season. The results obtained were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance followed by the Bonferrom test (NCSS), with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. The radioautographic analysis of turtle blood exposed to 1000 mu Ci of H-3-thymidine and developed after 30 days showed a large number of silver grains incorporated into the cells, except for basophils, with cell renewal occurring every seven days. Quantitative data demonstrated a seasonal influence on the distribution of some leukocyte types, with the following p values: heterophils (p = 0.0007), basophils (p = 0.0002), monocytes (p = 0.0016), eosinophils (p = 0.0073). However, using this statistical method, it was not possible to detect a significant difference related to seasonal influence on lymphocytes (p = 0. 16295) or thrombocytes (p = 0. 1046). Using this experimental animal model, a seasonal influence on the distribution of some leukocyte types was observed, and the radioautographic method revealed a cell renewal system occurring every seven days, except for basophils. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Population genetic structure revealed by a school of the freshwater migratory fish, Brycon hilarii

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Juveniles of the piscivorous dourado Salminus brasiliensis mimic the piraputanga Brycon hilarii as an alternative predation tactic

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)