Novos paradigmas comunicacionais junto de públicos com Perturbações Neuro Cognitivas em Museus

Tornar acessível a oferta cultural de um museu é premissa essencial numa sociedade que se quer global e integradora de todos os públicos. No que concerne ao público sénior, com necessidades especiais, nomeadamente com perturbações neuro cognitivas (PNC), a preocupação de tornar acessível a abordagem da obra de arte passa pelo conhecimento prévio das caraterísticas específicas dessas doenças degenerativas. Uma das competências a registar comprometimento mais ou menos acentuado é a comunicação verbal. Assim, a comunicação aumentativa revela-se de especial interesse como mecanismo /instrumento mediador entre a pessoa com perturbação neuro cognitiva e a obra de arte cuja abordagem exerce efeitos benéficos de estimulação cognitiva. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido no Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro e no âmbito do projeto EU no musEU, que visa a estimulação cognitiva e o bem-estar global deste público específico. Foram criadas três estórias, depois adaptadas em SPC e aplicadas por quatro participantes oriundos do EU no musEU. Teve por objetivo avaliar as vantagens destes materiais como facilitadores das competências de comunicação da pessoa com PNC. E perceber das mais-valias das narrativas de obras de arte em SPC no apoio a uma visita auto gerida, e inclusiva, destas pessoas e seus cuidadores, em contexto museológico. Palavras-chave: museu; perturbações neuro cognitivas; obra de arte; narrativas; comunicação aumentativa e alternativa; visita inclusiva.

Sintonia automática de controladores PID: uma abordagem neuro - genética

Dissertação de dout. em Electrónica e Computação, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Univ. do Algarve, 2004

Aspecto tumoral da cisticercose intracraniana: abordagem cirúrgica

The cerebral cysticercosis can produce intracranial hypertension by inflammatory obstruction of the basal cysterns or by expansive lesion in the cerebral parenchima or ventricular cavities. In the latter and in tumor cases the clinical picture is very similar and only after surgery can the etiology be determined. We present 11 operated cases of intracranial cysticercosis which presented the clinical picture of an expansive lesion. There were 7 females and 4 males with ages between 4 and 65 years. Nine patients were admitted because of headache, vomiting and visual disturbances suggestive of intracranial hypertension. One patient was admited with lymphocytic meningitis and another with focal seizures following hemiparesis. Five patients presented focal signs and six edema of the papilla. Epileptic manifestations were present in 45.5% of the cases. A plain X-ray films of the skull failed to reveal calcificatons, however signs of chronic hypertension were present in three cases. The electroencephalogram showed slow focal waves in 8 patients The spinal fluid examination revealed lymphocytosis in 4 cases, increased protein content in another 4 and complement fixation for cysticercosis was positive in 2 cases. The expansive lesions were localized by angiograph and ventriculography. In these the location was temporal in 4, frontal in 3, parietal in 2, in the third ventricle in one and in the fourth ventricle in another. At surgery we removed a large cyst from the cerebral parenchyma in six cases. Around the cyst a thick glial reaction was present. In the other cases the cyst was small but fixed to the ventricular trigone and produced dilatation of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. In two cases we removed a solitary intraventricular cyst from the third and fourth ventricles. In the two children operated upon there were several small hard cysts involving the cerebral parenchyma which displayed intense gliosis. There were no postoperative complications.

Simultaneous optimization by neuro-genetic approach for analysis of plant materials by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

A simultaneous optimization strategy based on a neuro-genetic approach is proposed for selection of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy operational conditions for the simultaneous determination of macronutrients (Ca, Mg and P), micro-nutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), Al and Si in plant samples. A laser induced breakdown spectroscopy system equipped with a 10 Hz Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (12 ns, 532 nm, 140 mJ) and an Echelle spectrometer with intensified coupled-charge device was used. Integration time gate, delay time, amplification gain and number of pulses were optimized. Pellets of spinach leaves (NIST 1570a) were employed as laboratory samples. In order to find a model that could correlate laser induced breakdown spectroscopy operational conditions with compromised high peak areas of all elements simultaneously, a Bayesian Regularized Artificial Neural Network approach was employed. Subsequently, a genetic algorithm was applied to find optimal conditions for the neural network model, in an approach called neuro-genetic, A single laser induced breakdown spectroscopy working condition that maximizes peak areas of all elements simultaneously, was obtained with the following optimized parameters: 9.0 mu s integration time gate, 1.1 mu s delay time, 225 (a.u.) amplification gain and 30 accumulated laser pulses. The proposed approach is a useful and a suitable tool for the optimization process of such a complex analytical problem. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training vs. moderate exercise on hemodynamic, metabolic and neuro-humoral abnormalities of young normotensive women at high familial risk for hypertension

Exercise training has an important role in the prevention and treatment of hypertension, but its effects on the early metabolic and hemodynamic abnormalities observed in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents (FH+) have not been studied. We compared high-intensity interval (aerobic interval training, AIT) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise training (CMT) with regard to hemodynamic, metabolic and hormonal variables in FH+ subjects. Forty-four healthy FH+ women (25.0+/-4.4 years) randomized to control (ConFH+) or to a three times per week equal-volume AIT (80-90% of VO(2MAX)) or CMT (50-60% of VO(2MAX)) regimen, and 15 healthy women with normotensive parents (ConFH-; 25.3+/-3.1 years) had their hemodynamic, metabolic and hormonal variables analyzed at baseline and after 16 weeks of follow-up. Ambulatorial blood pressure (ABP), glucose and cholesterol levels were similar among all groups, but the FH+ groups showed higher insulin, insulin sensitivity, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), norepinephrine and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels and lower nitrite/ nitrate (NOx) levels than ConFH- subjects. AIT and CMT were equally effective in improving ABP (P<0.05), insulin and insulin sensitivity (P<0.001); however, AIT was superior in improving cardiorespiratory fitness (15 vs. 8%; P<0.05), PWV (P<0.01), and BP, norepinephrine, ET-1 and NOx response to exercise (P<0.05). Exercise intensity was an important factor in improving cardiorespiratory fitness and reversing hemodynamic, metabolic and hormonal alterations involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension. These findings may have important implications for the exercise training programs used for the prevention of inherited hypertensive disorder. Hypertension Research (2010) 33, 836-843; doi:10.1038/hr.2010.72; published online 7 May 2010

Lipids, Mitochondria and Cell Death: Implications in Neuro-oncology

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known to inhibit cell proliferation of many tumour types both in vitro and in vivo. Their capacity to interfere with cell proliferation has been linked to their induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in tumour tissues leading to cell death through apoptosis. However, the exact mechanisms of action of PUFAs are far from clear, particularly in brain tumours. The loss of bound hexokinase from the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel has been directly related to loss of protection from apoptosis, and PUFAs can induce this loss of bound hexokinase in tumour cells. Tumour cells overexpressing Akt activity, including gliomas, are sensitised to ROS damage by the Akt protein and may be good targets for chemotherapeutic agents, which produce ROS, such as PUFAs. Cardiolipin peroxidation may be an initial event in the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, and enriching cardiolipin with PUFA acyl chains may lead to increased peroxidation and therefore an increase in apoptosis. A better understanding of the metabolism of fatty acids and eicosanoids in primary brain tumours such as gliomas and their influence on energy balance will be fundamental to the possible targeting of mitochondria in tumour treatment.

Hydromorphone-3-glucuronide - A more potent neuro-excitant than its structural analogue, morphine-3-glucuronide

In humans, hydromorphone (HMOR) is metabolised principally by conjugation with glucuronic acid to form hydromorphone-3-glucuronide (H3G), a close structural analogue of morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G), the major metabolite of morphine. In a previous study we described the biochemical synthesis of H3G together with a preliminary evaluation of its pharmacology which revealed that it is a neuro-excitant in rats in a manner analogous to M3G. Thus the aims of the current study were to quantify the neuro-excitatory behaviours evoked by intracerebroventricular (icv) H3G in the rat and to define its potency relative to M3G. Groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received icy injections (1 muL) of H3G (1 - 3 mug), M3G (2 - 7 mug) or vehicle via a stainless steel guide cannula that had been implanted stereotaxically seven days prior to drug administration. Behavioural excitation was monitored by scoring fifteen different behaviours (myoclonic jerks, chewing, wet-dog-shakes, rearing, tonic-clonic-convulsions, explosive motor behaviour, grooming, exploring, general activity, eating, staring, ataxia, righting reflex, body posture, touch evoked agitation) immediately prior to icy injection and at the following post-dosing times: 5, 15, 25, 35, 50, 65 and 80 min. H3G produced dose-dependent behavioural excitation in a manner analogous to that reported previously for M3G by our laboratory and reproduced herein. H3G was found to be approximately 2.5-fold more potent than M3G, such that the mean (+/- S.D.) ED50 values were 2.3 (+/- 0.1) mug and 6.1 (+/- 0.6) mug respectively. Thus, our data clearly imply that if H3G crosses the BBB with equivalent efficiency to M3G, then the myoclonus, allodynia and seizures observed in some patients dosed chronically with large systemic doses of HMOR, are almost certainly due to the accumulation of sufficient H3G in the central nervous system, to evoke behavioural excitation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

Neuro-angiostrongylosis in wild Black and Grey-headed flying foxes (Pteropus spp)

Objective To identify nematodes seen in histological sections of brains of flying foxes (fruit bats) and describe the associated clinical disease and pathology. Proceedures Gross and histological examination of brains from 86 free-living flying foxes with neurological disease was done as part of an ongoing surveillance program for Australian bat lyssavirus. Worms were recovered, or if seen in histological sections, extracted by maceration of half the brain and identified by microscopic examination. Histological archives were also reviewed. Results There was histological evidence of angiostrongylosis in 16 of 86 recently submitted flying foxes with neurological disease and in one archival case from 1992. In 10 flying foxes, worms were definitively identified as Angiostrongylus cantonensis fifth-stage larvae. A worm fragment and third stage larvae were identified as Angiostrongylus sp, presumably A cantonensis, in a further three cases. The clinical picture was dominated by paresis, particularly of the hind-limbs, and depression, with flying foxes surviving up to 22 days in the care of wildlife volunteers. Brains containing fifth-stage larvae showed a moderate to severe eosinophilic and granulomatous meningoencephalitis (n = 14), whereas there was virtually no inflammation of the brains of bats which died when infected with only smaller, third-stage larvae (n = 3). There was no histological evidence of pulmonary involvement. Conclusion This is the first report of the recovery and identification of A cantonensis from free-living Australian wildlife. While anglostrongylosis is a common cause of paresis in flying foxes, the initial clinical course cannot be differentiated from Australian bat lyssavirus infection, and wildlife carers should be urged not to attempt to rehabilitate flying foxes with neurological disease.

O Tratamento Cognitivo Comportamental das Perturbações do Comportamento Alimentar

As perturbações alimentares (anorexia nervosa e bulimia nervosa) são problemas psicopatológicos sérios que afectam principalmente as mulheres jovens. Ambos os quadros clínicos são relativamente comuns e apresentaram uma tendência para o aumento da sua incidência ao longo dos anos 90. O presente artigo revê as principais características das perturbações do comportamento alimentar, seguidamente são apresentados os modelos cognitivo comportamentais de manutenção destas perturbações e finalmente são apresentadas as características gerais do tratamento cognitivo comportamental da anorexia e da bulimia nervosas.

Quando todos aprendem com Todos : uma estratégia para a inclusão de um aluno com perturbações do Espectro do Autismo

Durante muito tempo as pessoas em situação de deficiência ou com necessidades especiais foram marcadas pela segregação e marginalização. Defendemos hoje a Educação Inclusiva, destinada a TODOS os alunos. Já não é o aluno que se adapta à Escola mas esta que deverá adaptar-se à diversidade da sua população. Apesar de características comuns, os alunos com Perturbações do Espectro do Autismo (PEA) têm particularidades e especificidades próprias, pelo que há que aceitar a diferença e gerir a diversidade através de estratégias de aprendizagem, adequação de métodos e de técnicas, de modo a permitir o sucesso educativo destes e de todos os alunos. Na prática diária o professor deverá ser um investigador e actor, trabalhando numa equipa multidisciplinar, planificando, agindo, avaliando e reformulando sempre que necessário. Este é um projecto de investigação-acção que realizámos com numa UEE e numa turma de 7º ano, onde está incluído um aluno com PEA. Um dos nossos objectivos foi o de procurar que a comunidade escolar considerasse a diferença como uma mais valia e não como um entrave. Nesse sentido, promovemos actividades de cariz funcional nos contextos de vida conducentes à autonomia pessoal e social, envolvendo os alunos e os diferentes agentes educativos.

Brinquem comigo! : intervenção inclusiva junto de um jovem com perturbações emocionais

Este é um trabalho que pretende mostrar as estratégias e actividades que foram utilizadas junto de um jovem com perturbações emocionais e com dificuldades de inclusão, tanto em relação aos adultos e colegas, como em relação ao próprio sistema de ensino em geral. A consequência dessas problemáticas, afirma-se sob a forma de dificuldades de aprendizagem. Foi feito um levantamento das problemáticas, através da consulta de documentação diversa, aplicação de grelhas e questionários e conversas com as pessoas ligadas ao processo educativo deste aluno. A partir de toda a informação recolhida, procedemos à planificação e intervenção, aplicando estratégias e métodos de trabalho que têm como objectivo principal, a inclusão deste aluno, no meio escolar, desde a sua relação com as pessoas até o sentir-se bem num meio que até agora era rejeitado por ele. Esta inclusão processou-se a diferentes níveis: escolar, social e pessoal.

Avaliação clínico-neuro-psicológica de trabalhadores expostos a mercúrio metálico em indústria de lâmpadas elétricas

Objetivou-se estudar a intoxicação por mercúrio metálico em trabalhadores de uma indústria de lâmpadas elétricas no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram investigados 71 trabalhadores, dos quais 61 (85,92%) apresentaram quadro de intoxicação crônica por mercúrio. O tempo de exposição dos trabalhadores estudados variou de 4 meses a 30 anos. Dentre os intoxicados foram detectadas alterações de coordenação motora em 57 (80,30%), neurológicas, em 56 (78,88%), de memória, em 51 (71,83%), no exame clínico, em 47 (66,20%), psiquiátricas, em 45 (63,38%) e da atenção concentrada, em 37 (52,10%).

Proposição de procedimento de detecção sistemática de perturbações oftalmológicas em escolares

Proposição de um procedimento de detecção sistemática de perturbações oftalmológicas em escolares, com participação do pessoal da escola. A partir de levantamento realizado em escolas estaduais que oferecem ciclo básico, da cidade de São Carlos, SP (Brasil), foi proposta a realização de teste de acuidade visual. Nove escolas participaram do estudo. Os professores das escolas foram treinados e realizaram os testes de acuidade visual e estrabismo nos seus alunos, de forma padronizada. Das 2.025 crianças testadas, 88,1% apresentaram níveis de acuidade visual maiores que 0,8 e uma prevalência de estrabismo de 2,17%. Finalizada a aplicação dos testes, cada escola apresentou propostas para aplicação sistemática do teste. As propostas têm em comum a realização dos testes pelos professores com a supervisão pelos coordenadores do ciclo básico, cabendo à enfermeira assessoria a todos os níveis de atividades do programa.