Alvin Wistert and Chuck Ortmann, UM football vs Minnesota, 1949

[Alvin Wistert (#11) leads blocking for Chuck Ortmann (#49) on touchdown run.]

2000 Ice Hockey Team

Front Row (L-R): Asst. Coach Billy Powers, Josh Blackburn, Krikor Arman, Sean Peach, Head Coach Red Berenson, Andrew Merrick, Kevin Magnuson, Kevin O'Malley, Associate Head Coach Mel Pearson

Second Row (L-R): L.J. Scarpace, Andy Hilbert, Bob Gassoff, Bill Trainor, Scott Matzka, Mark Kosick, Mike Comrie, John Shouneyia, Mike Cammalleri, J.J. Swistak

Third Row (L-R): Mark Mink, Craig Murray, Jay Vancik, Jeff Jillson, Dave Huntzicker, Josh Langfeld, Geoff Koch, Jed Ortmeyer

Fourth Row (L-R): Athletic Trainer Rick Bancroft, Student Equipment Manager Eric Sikkenga, Equipment Manager Ian Hume, Student Equipment Manager Jeff Conrad, Student Equipment Manager Royce Wilkerson, Video Coordinator Josh Richelew

2000 Ice Hockey Team posed with CCHA Trophy

Front Row (L-R): Asst. Coach Billy Powers, Josh Blackburn, Krikor Arman, Sean Peach, Head Coach Red Berenson, Andrew Merrick, Kevin Magnuson, Kevin O'Malley, Associate Head Coach Mel Pearson

Second Row (L-R): L.J. Scarpace, Andy Hilbert, Bob Gassoff, Bill Trainor, Scott Matzka, Mark Kosick, Mike Comrie, John Shouneyia, Mike Cammalleri, J.J. Swistak

Third Row (L-R): Mark Mink, Craig Murray, Jay Vancik, Jeff Jillson, Dave Huntzicker, Josh Langfeld, Geoff Koch, Jed Ortmeyer

Fourth Row (L-R): Athletic Trainer Rick Bancroft, Student Equipment Manager Eric Sikkenga, Equipment Manager Ian Hume, Student Equipment Manager Jeff Conrad, Student Equipment Manager Royce Wilkerson, Video Coordinator Josh Richelew

2001 Ice Hockey Team

Front Row (L-R): Asst. Coach Billy Powers, Josh Blackburn, Josh Langfeld, Scott Matzka, Dave Huntzicker, Bob Gassoff, L.J. Scarpace, Head Coach Red Berenson

Second Row (L-R): Goaltender coach Stan Matwijiw, Kevin O'Malley, John Shouneyia, Mark Mink, Mike Roemensky, Mark Kosick, Geoff Koch, Bill Trainor, Andy Hilbert, Craig Murray, Mike Cammalleri, J.J. Swistak

Third Row (L-R): Rob Kohen, Brad Fraser, Jay Vancik, Jeff Jillson, Mike Komisarek, Jed Ortmeyer, David Wyzgowski, Joe Kautz, Andy Burnes

Fourth Row (L-R): Administrative Assistant Brian Wiseman, Student Equipment Manager Eric Sikkenga, Student Athletic Trainer Jennifer Reynolds, Video Coordinator Ryan Rezmierski, Student Equipment Manager Royce Wilkerson, Equipment Manager Ian Hume, Student Equipment Manager David Brooks, Athletic Trainer Rick Bancroft

2002 Ice Hockey Team

Front Row (L-R): Associate Head Coach Mel Pearson, Josh Blackburn, Jay Vancik, Mike Cammalleri, Head Coach Red Berenson, John Shouneyia, Craig Murray, Kevin O'Malley, Assistant Coach Billy Powers.

Second Row (L-R): Justin Spurlock, Milan Gajic, Eric Werner, David Wyzgowski, Joe Kautz, Brad Fraser, Jed Ortmeyer, Andy Burnes, Mike Roemensky, Mark Mink, J.J. Swistak.

Third Row (L-R): Michael Woodford, Charlie Henderson, Dwight Helminen, Reilly Olson, Jason Ryznar, Brandon Rogers, Eric Nystrom, David Moss, Nick Martens, Mike Komisarek.

Fourth Row (L-R): Video Coordinator Ryan Rezmierski, Administrative Assistant Brian Wiseman, Athletic Trainer Rick Bancroft, Student Athletic Trainer Jesse Johnson, Equipment Manager Ian Hume, Assistant Equipment Manager David Brooks.

Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Background Non-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in the promotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000 have been the only studies to quantify non-fatal health outcomes across an exhaustive set of disorders at the global and regional level. Neither effort quantified uncertainty in prevalence or years lived with disability (YLDs). Methods Of the 291 diseases and injuries in the GBD cause list, 289 cause disability. For 1160 sequelae of the 289 diseases and injuries, we undertook a systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence, remission, duration, and excess mortality. Sources included published studies, case notification, population-based cancer registries, other disease registries, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, hospital discharge data, ambulatory care data, household surveys, other surveys, and cohort studies. For most sequelae, we used a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR, designed to address key limitations in descriptive epidemiological data, including missing data, inconsistency, and large methodological variation between data sources. For some disorders, we used natural history models, geospatial models, back-calculation models (models calculating incidence from population mortality rates and case fatality), or registration completeness models (models adjusting for incomplete registration with health-system access and other covariates). Disability weights for 220 unique health states were used to capture the severity of health loss. YLDs by cause at age, sex, country, and year levels were adjusted for comorbidity with simulation methods. We included uncertainty estimates at all stages of the analysis. Findings Global prevalence for all ages combined in 2010 across the 1160 sequelae ranged from fewer than one case per 1 million people to 350 000 cases per 1 million people. Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated (correlation coefficient −0·37). In 2010, there were 777 million YLDs from all causes, up from 583 million in 1990. The main contributors to global YLDs were mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes or endocrine diseases. The leading specific causes of YLDs were much the same in 2010 as they were in 1990: low back pain, major depressive disorder, iron-deficiency anaemia, neck pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety disorders, migraine, diabetes, and falls. Age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010. Regional patterns of the leading causes of YLDs were more similar compared with years of life lost due to premature mortality. Neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and anaemia were important causes of YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Interpretation Rates of YLDs per 100 000 people have remained largely constant over time but rise steadily with age. Population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades. Prevalences of the most common causes of YLDs, such as mental and behavioural disorders and musculoskeletal disorders, have not decreased. Health systems will need to address the needs of the rising numbers of individuals with a range of disorders that largely cause disability but not mortality. Quantification of the burden of non-fatal health outcomes will be crucial to understand how well health systems are responding to these challenges. Effective and affordable strategies to deal with this rising burden are an urgent priority for health systems in most parts of the world. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.