Análise de ofícios sob uma perspectiva bakhtiniana

The objective of this work is to describe the particularities of the official letter genre, according to theoretical perspective of the Russian philosopher of language Bakhtin. The discourse genres, in this perspective, presented in relative stability, being affected by alterations occurred in the activity sphere where they circulate, for the ideological values that produce the speeches of this sphere and for the dialogic relations with other genres and spheres. It is intended to show as the official letter, in the public departments, although the stability acquired for its formal style, objective, reveals in an instability permeated for the thematic aspect, compositional and until stylistic. For realization of this analysis, were select sixty official letters of the public town administration sphere of the city of Araraquara, produced in the months of February, March and April of 2011. The official letters were separate in two groups for subject: repayment; diverse subjects. The methodology uses the dialogic boarding of the discourse used for the circle of Bakhtin

Letter book : manuscript, 1764-1771

Tryon's official letter book containing copies of letters and documents relating to his work as colonial governor of North Carolina; with references concerning drawing a boundary between North Carolina and South Carolina; talks with the Cherokee Indians; the establishment of a postal service; working with the Propagation of the Gospels in Foreign Parts; establishing the Church of England in North Carolina; strengthening the defenses of the colony; maintaining better communication with Great Britain; and other events.

O latim, uma língua morta?: uma metáfora em análise: o olhar da lingüística aplicada e suas implicações para o ensino

The focus of this research is the teaching of the Latin language. Due to the fact that its teaching has been facing a growing crisis in the last four decades, which currently persists, we ponder about external and internal causes of its decline, aiming at pointing out an alternative that enable us to find a way out of this situation. So, our research questions mainly concern how the teaching of Latin is viewed amongst the academic society, also investigating if it has kept up with the development of the scientific reflection about human language and the new approaches on language teaching. Furthermore, we analyse the contribution that the study of Latin can provide to the academic formation of language teachers and try to identify the areas of knowledge that can contribute to a reshaping of its teaching. Based on these guidelines, we have established as the goals of this research: 1) to reflect about the current situation of the teaching of Latin and the causes of its decline; 2) to determine its social representation among teachers and students of the Language Courses, as a way of defining the role it fulfills in the academic formation of teachers; 3) to accomplish an exploratory study of some handbooks that show alternative proposals on how to teach Latin, in order to detect their adequacy to current times and to the goals of the academic study of languages; 4) to offer an alternative proposal on how to teach Latin that takes into account the principles of Applied Linguistics, considering the socio-historical and cultural aspects of the language, enabling it to meet the requirements set by modern times. This research is divided into two parts. The first part presents the theoretical framework. We map the studies about Latin teaching inside and outside Brazil and argue against the concept of Latin being a dead language, presenting arguments set on changing this view. Then we describe and comment the notions of literacy, genre and culture, which helped us understand the reasons for the decline of the teaching of Latin and to point out suitable ways to overcome the crisis. The second part is dedicated to reflecting on the literacy practices in Latin teaching. We began by examining the answers to the questionnaires given to students and teachers about the view of Latin in the Language Courses; then we reflect on the teaching-learning of Latin as an academic literacy practice followed by an analysis of the didactic material used in teaching Latin. Finally, we suggest an approach of the familiar letter genre in ancient Rome as a means of teaching Latin in a contextualized way

Leitura e produção do gênero "carta de leitor": os desafios de uma proposta de ensino

O propósito deste estudo é descrever e analisar uma intervenção didática em torno do gênero Carta de Leitor com alunos de uma turma da segunda série do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública da rede federal de ensino, de Belém, no estado do Pará. Trata-se de compreender os efeitos dessa intervenção nos modos de recepção-produção do gênero pelos alunos. O foco no de apropriação do gênero pelos alunos implicou compreender, complementarmente, os efeitos da intervenção na reflexão sobre a prática docente, pela professora-pesquisadora. Esse objetivo central foi contemplado, em grande parte, pela opção que fizemos pela pesquisa-ação, o que permitiu conjugar a prática investigativa à prática didática, no processo de co-construção de. Inscrito nos estudos aplicados que se voltam para o ensino-aprendizagem de língua, o estudo recorre a duas referências teóricas: as contribuições advindas do dialogismo bakhtiniano e as contribuições dos estudos sobre os gêneros como objetos de ensino. Essas direcionaram tanto o processo de implementação das atividades didáticas em que foram gerados os dados, quanto a descrição e análise desse processo, tomando como corpus central as produções escritas dos discentes. A descrição e análise dos dados permitem refletir o funcionamento da linguagem em uma situação particular, questão-chave para os estudos de gênero segundo uma concepção sociointeracionista de linguagem. Do ponto de vista aplicado, possibilita refletir sobre o problema de como a modelização didática dos objetos de saber pode atuar no processo de letramento dos alunos, levando-se em conta suas necessidades e possibilidades de aprendizagem, além, principalmente, da finalidade da escola de formação desses alunos para que se posicionem de modo cidadão nas práticas sociais em que estão/estarão envolvidos.

Letter from the Secretary of the Navy, transmitting the official account of the capture of the British sloop of War, Reindeer, by the United States sloop Wasp, commanded by Captain Johnston Blakeley, on the twenty-eighth June last.--

"A list of British vessels captured by the United States' sloop of War Wasp, J. Blakeley esg. commander, between May 1st and July 6th, 1814".Folded table at end.

Letter from the Secretary of the Navy, transmitting the official account of the capture of the British sloop of War, Reindeer, by the United States sloop Wasp, commanded by Captain Johnston Blakeley, on the twenty-eighth June last

"A list of British vessels captured by the United States' sloop of War Wasp, J. Blakeley esg. commander, between May 1st and July 6th, 1814".Folded table at end. October 17, 1814. Printed by order of the Senate of the United States.

Letter to a noble lord on the present situation of France and Europe : accompanied by official and original documents.

Letter is to Thomas Erskine. Cf. NSTC.

"The rejected packet" of the St. Louis (Mo.) Repeal Association : containing the official communication and the private letter, on the subject of domestic slavery in the United States /

-American imprints inventory ... Missouri ... 1808-1850, 1937, no. 358, p. 119.

Des personnages érigés en narrateurs : les voix over chez Joseph L. Mankiewicz (A Letter to Three Wives, All about Eve et The Barefoot Contessa). Pour une approche énonciative du récit filmique

L'auteur analyse dans une perspective narratologique trois films de Joseph L. Mankiewicz réalisés entre 1949 et 1954 (A Letter to Three Wives, All about Eve et The Barefoot Contessa), afin d'observer les particularités qui résultent du recours à un ou plusieurs narrateurs (ou narratrices) s'exprimant en voix over. L'accent est mis sur les implications de l'organisation énonciative complexe de ces productions cinématographiques en termes de relation du film au spectateur et de représentation des rapports de genre. Ces études de cas permettent de nuancer certains acquis issus du champ des théories de l'énonciation. Dans ces films où les voix over sont proférées par des acteurs qui incarnent par ailleurs un personnage visualisé, certaines interactions sont observables - interprétées notamment comme des relations de pouvoir - entre le statut des narrateurs et le niveau diégétique. La matérialité sonore est prise en compte dans le cas particulier de Letter to Three Wives, où la voix se transforme en bruit. Cet « effet spécial » est l'occasion de discuter un modèle « impersonnel » de l'énonciation filmique qui intègre, tout en tenant compte de la dimension technologique de l'enregistrement sonore, le pouvoir fondamentalement humanisant des manifestations vocales.

Exploring different approaches for music genre classification

In this letter, we present different approaches for music genre classification. The proposed techniques, which are composed of a feature extraction stage followed by a classification procedure, explore both the variations of parameters used as input and the classifier architecture. Tests were carried out with three styles of music, namely blues, classical, and lounge, which are considered informally by some musicians as being “big dividers” among music genres, showing the efficacy of the proposed algorithms and establishing a relationship between the relevance of each set of parameters for each music style and each classifier. In contrast to other works, entropies and fractal dimensions are the features adopted for the classifications.

[Official conference documents]

Loose-leaf; reproduced from type-written copy.

The life and correspondence of Rufus King; comprising his letters, private and official, his public documents, and his speeches.

"Of this letter-press ed. 750 copies have been printed for sale."