Neurologie [2012: news in neurology].

In 2012, intramuscular midazolam appears as effective as intravenous lorezepam for the first line treatment of convulsive status epilepticus. Perampanel, a new anti-epileptic drug, will be soon available. Two oral treatments are now available for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation setting. The methylphenidate and the Tai Chi could increase the walk capacity of patients suffering from Parkinson disease. A comprehensive cardiac work-up is essential for some congenital myopathy. A new drug against migraine seems free from vasoconstrictive effect. Antioxidants are harmful in Alzheimer disease. Some oral medication will be available for multiple sclerosis.

Neurologie [What's new in neurology].

This article summarize principal news about treatments in the different specialities in neurology. We don't pretend to be exhaustive and to make a detailed analyse of all treatments, and preferred to present pertinent therapeutic advances, with an evidence-based point of view. We also mentioned some negative studies, to balance our purpose.

Neurologie [Neurology].

In 2011, new oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation are available and the ABCD3-I score predicting stroke after TIA updates the ABCD2 score. New McDonald criteria allow faster MS diagnosis and the first oral treatment (fingolimod) for MS can be prescribed. A new anti-antiepileptic drug (retigabine) is available and sodium valproate has long term neurological adverse effects after in utero exposure. Among Parkinson disease treatments, deep brain stimulation is extending applications and dopamine agonists with extended release are as efficient and well tolerated as standard forms at long term scale. Monoclonal antibodies and immunosuppressant agents are proposed as good alternatives in the treatment of chronic dysimmune polyneuropathies. Gene therapy for the treatment of genetic myopathies is progressing.

Trouble dissociatif: une clinique à l'interface de la neurologie et de la psychiatrie [Dissociative disorders: neurologists and psychiatrists working together]

Les troubles dissociatifs se présentent souvent par une clinique neurologique atypique impliquant une démarche diagnostique complexe à l'interface de la neurologie et de la psychiatrie. La restitution du diagnostic aux patients et leur prise en charge nécessitent une étroite collaboration interdisciplinaire. Les connaissances actuelles sont encore limitées, mais ce domaine est enrichi par des études récentes en neurosciences cliniques. Cet article présente les principaux aspects des troubles dissociatifs et formule un concept de prise en charge. Dissociative disorders often have an atypical neurological presentation requiring a complex diagnostic process at the interface between neurology and psychiatry. A strong interdisciplinary collaboration is needed for diagnosis restitution and patient treatment. Current knowledge is still scarce but recent studies in clinical neuroscience enrich this field. This article presents the main aspects of dissociative disorders and suggests a treatment framework

Neurologie [News in neuroloey 2014].

In 2014, breastfeeding during maternal antiepileptic therapy seems to be safe for the children and can be recommended. Intravenous thrombolysis by Alteplase improves the outcome after a stroke if administered within 4.5 hours and it is also recommended in elderly population over 80 years. ProSavin genic therapy for Parkinson disease is under investigation. The Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) has an analgesic effect in neuropathic pain as well as an antidepressant effect. Antagonists of calcitonin gene-related peptide can have a beneficial role in migraine prevention. Diagnostic biomarker panels for Alzheimer disease are under investigation. Oral teriflunomide and dimethyl fumarate (BG-12) for relapsing multiple sclerosis treatment are now available in Switzerland.

Neurologie [News in neurology 2013].

In 2013, perampanel is approved as an add-on treatment for generalised and focal seizures in pharmaco-resistant epilepsy. New anticoagulants are superior to antivitamin K in stroke secondary prevention in case of atrial fibrillation. DBS remains a valid therapeutic option for advanced Parkinson's disease. Intranasal ketamine seems to reduce the intensity of severe migraine aura. High concentrations of topic capsaicin improve post-herpetic neuralgia. In Alzheimer's disease, statins might deteriorate cognitive functions. Oral immuno-modifing treatments for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis have shown to slow cerebral atrophy progression at two years.

Épilepsie et électroencéphalogramme dans la psychiatrie et la neurologie suisses (1930-1960)

Cette contribution explore le rôle institutionnel, scientifique et clinique de l'électroencéphalogramme (EEG) dans l'étude et la prise en charge de l'épilepsie, entre neurologie et psychiatrie, des années 1930 aux années 1960. En Suisse, si une épileptologie se développe à partir de la fin des années 1940 par le biais de l'EEG, on doit l'introduction de ce dernier à la psychiatrie, à partir des années 1930. En tenant compte de l'apport de la psychiatrie suisse et de la lente reconnaissance de la neurologie en tant que discipline institutionnalisée, je propose quelques éléments historiques d'une clinique psychiatrique de l'épilepsie et de sa neurologisation. Au coeur des réflexions et des pratiques de certains psychiatres suisses spécialistes de l'EEG, s'inscrit un souci constant de prise en charge globale des patients et d'une intégration de l'EEG en tant qu'outil complémentaire de la clinique. C'est à partir du début des années 1960 que l'EEG et l'épilepsie deviennent respectivement une des méthodes d'investigation clinique et une des pathologies privilégiées de la neurologie. Si quelques cas d'épilepsie dite « essentielle » sont toujours diagnostiqués et pris en charge dans les hôpitaux psychiatriques, plusieurs facteurs tels que l'innovation technique, l'autonomisation de la neurologie comme spécialité médicale reconnue, les considérations de coûts d'hospitalisation, le raccourcissement des séjours des patients et la mise en avant d'une approche ambulatoire de l'EEG en épileptologie, vont peu à peu tarir l'expertise et l'intérêt des psychiatres hospitaliers au sujet de l'EEG et de l'épilepsie.

Expérimentation et clinique électroencéphalographiques entre physiologie, neurologie et psychiatrie (Suisse, 1935-1965)

The electroencephalogram (EEG), invented by the German psychiatrist Hans Berger in 1924, reached the neurophysiological laboratories and several clinical contexts in the mid-30s. In Switzerland, some skeptical physiologists and enthusiastic psychiatrists paved the way for its integration, but it was only after the Second World War that an emerging field of epileptology became part of a process of technological and epistemological innovation which raised great expectations and produced a large body of research at the crossroads of physiology, neurology and psychiatry. An informal network was created, characterized by clinical, scientific and local institutional cultures. The EEG also made it possible to detect some clinical entities, not however without transforming them, as in the case of epilepsy. Some attempts to probe psychiatric diseases and subjects with the EEG are described as negotiated relationships between clinical observations, subjective manifestations or symptoms and inscriptions of a spontaneous or elicited electrical brain activity. These attempts shape a clinical and experimental cerebral subject, which is analyzed in this article from the point of view of its technical aspects and the concrete procedures on which it depends.