A look into diversity in the radio and music industry in Spain

UNESCO’s approval of the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (UNESCO, 2005) has been an important element in catalyzing any attempt to measure the diversity of cultural industries (UIS, 2011). Within this framework, this article analyzes the relations between the music and radio industries in Spain from a critical perspective through the analysis of available data on recorded music offer and consumption (sales lists, radio-formula lists, the characteristics of the phonographic and radio markets) in different key moments due to the emergence of new formats and devices (CDS, Mp3, Internet).The main goal of this work is to study the evolution of the Spanish record market in terms of diversity from the end of the 1970s to the present, through the study of radio music hits lists and, the business structure of the phonographic and radio sectors, and phonograms top sales

De la programación miscelánica a la consolidación de la ópera : Devenir y conformación del gusto musical en Buenos Aires (1821-1828)

El objetivo del presente trabajo reside en analizar el proceso de conformación del gusto musical por el género lírico en la sociedad porteña durante el período 1821-1828. Dicho proceso será abordado mediante la reconstrucción y análisis de la programación musical presente, principalmente, en la prensa del período. Asimismo, se indaga en torno a la dinámica de los espacios musicales inaugurados e impulsados para tal fin -academia, sociedades y teatro- y sobre los principales músicos y cantantes intervinientes en dicho proceso cultural.

De la programación miscelánica a la consolidación de la ópera : Devenir y conformación del gusto musical en Buenos Aires (1821-1828)

El objetivo del presente trabajo reside en analizar el proceso de conformación del gusto musical por el género lírico en la sociedad porteña durante el período 1821-1828. Dicho proceso será abordado mediante la reconstrucción y análisis de la programación musical presente, principalmente, en la prensa del período. Asimismo, se indaga en torno a la dinámica de los espacios musicales inaugurados e impulsados para tal fin -academia, sociedades y teatro- y sobre los principales músicos y cantantes intervinientes en dicho proceso cultural.

De la programación miscelánica a la consolidación de la ópera : Devenir y conformación del gusto musical en Buenos Aires (1821-1828)

El objetivo del presente trabajo reside en analizar el proceso de conformación del gusto musical por el género lírico en la sociedad porteña durante el período 1821-1828. Dicho proceso será abordado mediante la reconstrucción y análisis de la programación musical presente, principalmente, en la prensa del período. Asimismo, se indaga en torno a la dinámica de los espacios musicales inaugurados e impulsados para tal fin -academia, sociedades y teatro- y sobre los principales músicos y cantantes intervinientes en dicho proceso cultural.

Evolution of classifiers for pitch estimation of piano music using cartesian genetic programming

Pitch Estimation, also known as Fundamental Frequency (F0) estimation, has been a popular research topic for many years, and is still investigated nowadays. The goal of Pitch Estimation is to find the pitch or fundamental frequency of a digital recording of a speech or musical notes. It plays an important role, because it is the key to identify which notes are being played and at what time. Pitch Estimation of real instruments is a very hard task to address. Each instrument has its own physical characteristics, which reflects in different spectral characteristics. Furthermore, the recording conditions can vary from studio to studio and background noises must be considered. This dissertation presents a novel approach to the problem of Pitch Estimation, using Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP).We take advantage of evolutionary algorithms, in particular CGP, to explore and evolve complex mathematical functions that act as classifiers. These classifiers are used to identify piano notes pitches in an audio signal. To help us with the codification of the problem, we built a highly flexible CGP Toolbox, generic enough to encode different kind of programs. The encoded evolutionary algorithm is the one known as 1 + , and we can choose the value for . The toolbox is very simple to use. Settings such as the mutation probability, number of runs and generations are configurable. The cartesian representation of CGP can take multiple forms and it is able to encode function parameters. It is prepared to handle with different type of fitness functions: minimization of f(x) and maximization of f(x) and has a useful system of callbacks. We trained 61 classifiers corresponding to 61 piano notes. A training set of audio signals was used for each of the classifiers: half were signals with the same pitch as the classifier (true positive signals) and the other half were signals with different pitches (true negative signals). F-measure was used for the fitness function. Signals with the same pitch of the classifier that were correctly identified by the classifier, count as a true positives. Signals with the same pitch of the classifier that were not correctly identified by the classifier, count as a false negatives. Signals with different pitch of the classifier that were not identified by the classifier, count as a true negatives. Signals with different pitch of the classifier that were identified by the classifier, count as a false positives. Our first approach was to evolve classifiers for identifying artifical signals, created by mathematical functions: sine, sawtooth and square waves. Our function set is basically composed by filtering operations on vectors and by arithmetic operations with constants and vectors. All the classifiers correctly identified true positive signals and did not identify true negative signals. We then moved to real audio recordings. For testing the classifiers, we picked different audio signals from the ones used during the training phase. For a first approach, the obtained results were very promising, but could be improved. We have made slight changes to our approach and the number of false positives reduced 33%, compared to the first approach. We then applied the evolved classifiers to polyphonic audio signals, and the results indicate that our approach is a good starting point for addressing the problem of Pitch Estimation.

iGrooving: A Generative Music Mobile Application for Runners

iGrooving is a generative music mobile application specifically designed for runners. The application’s foundation is a step-counter that is programmed using the iPhone’s built-in accelerometer. The runner’s steps generate the tempo of the performance by mapping each step to trigger a kick-drum sound file. Additionally, different sound files are triggered at specific step counts to generate the musical performance, allowing the runner a level of compositional autonomy. The sonic elements are chosen to promote a meditative aspect of running. iGrooving is conceived as a biofeedback-stimulated musical instrument and an environment for creating generative music processes with everyday technologies, inspiring us to rethink our everyday notions of musical performance as a shared experience. Isolation, dynamic changes, and music generation are detailed to show how iGrooving facilitates novel methods for music composition, performance and audience participation.

Implémentation sur FPGA de l’algorithme MUSIC sur antenne-réseau expérimentale à 10 GHz

Les techniques des directions d’arrivée (DOA) sont une voie prometteuse pour accroitre la capacité des systèmes et les services de télécommunications en permettant de mieux estimer le canal radio-mobile. Elles permettent aussi de suivre précisément des usagers cellulaires pour orienter les faisceaux d’antennes dans leur direction. S’inscrivant dans ce contexte, ce présent mémoire décrit étape par étape l’implémentation de l’algorithme de haut niveau MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal Classification) sur une plateforme FPGA afin de déterminer en temps réel l’angle d’arrivée d’une ou des sources incidentes à un réseau d’antennes. Le concept du prototypage rapide des lois de commande (RCP) avec les outils de XilinxTM System generator (XSG) et du MBDK (Model Based Design Kit) de NutaqTM est le concept de développement utilisé. Ce concept se base sur une programmation de code haut niveau à travers des modèles, pour générer automatiquement un code de bas niveau. Une attention particulière est portée sur la méthode choisie pour résoudre le problème de la décomposition en valeurs et vecteurs propres de la matrice complexe de covariance par l’algorithme de Jacobi. L’architecture mise en place implémentant cette dernière dans le FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) est détaillée. Par ailleurs, il est prouvé que MUSIC ne peut effectuer une estimation intéressante de la position des sources sans une calibration préalable du réseau d’antennes. Ainsi, la technique de calibration par matrice G utilisée dans ce projet est présentée, en plus de son modèle d’implémentation. Enfin, les résultats expérimentaux du système mis à l’épreuve dans un environnement réel en présence d’une source puis de deux sources fortement corrélées sont illustrés et analysés.

Characterizing chaotic melodies in automatic music composition

In this paper, we initially present an algorithm for automatic composition of melodies using chaotic dynamical systems. Afterward, we characterize chaotic music in a comprehensive way as comprising three perspectives: musical discrimination, dynamical influence on musical features, and musical perception. With respect to the first perspective, the coherence between generated chaotic melodies (continuous as well as discrete chaotic melodies) and a set of classical reference melodies is characterized by statistical descriptors and melodic measures. The significant differences among the three types of melodies are determined by discriminant analysis. Regarding the second perspective, the influence of dynamical features of chaotic attractors, e.g., Lyapunov exponent, Hurst coefficient, and correlation dimension, on melodic features is determined by canonical correlation analysis. The last perspective is related to perception of originality, complexity, and degree of melodiousness (Euler's gradus suavitatis) of chaotic and classical melodies by nonparametric statistical tests. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3487516]

Music and faith: The religious scene in the Brazilian phonographic market

This text discusses the phonographic segment of religious music in Brazil in its two main manifestations, linked respectively to the Catholic and Protestant traditions. The text offers a brief history of both traditions, as well as a description of their main recording companies and artists of greatest prominence. In its final part. the text presents the strategies that bring together recording companies and independent artists, as well as ponders over Brazil`s independent musical production as a whole.

Minimizing total tardiness in a stochastic single machine scheduling problem using approximate dynamic programming

This paper addresses the non-preemptive single machine scheduling problem to minimize total tardiness. We are interested in the online version of this problem, where orders arrive at the system at random times. Jobs have to be scheduled without knowledge of what jobs will come afterwards. The processing times and the due dates become known when the order is placed. The order release date occurs only at the beginning of periodic intervals. A customized approximate dynamic programming method is introduced for this problem. The authors also present numerical experiments that assess the reliability of the new approach and show that it performs better than a myopic policy.

ECONOMICAL OCCUPATION OF AGRICULTURAL AREA OF PIRACICABA (SAO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL), INCLUDING RISK THROUGH LINEAR PROGRAMMING

The economic occupation of an area of 500 ha for Piracicaba was studied with the irrigated cultures of maize, tomato, sugarcane and beans, having used models of deterministic linear programming and linear programming including risk for the Target-Motad model, where two situations had been analyzed. In the deterministic model the area was the restrictive factor and the water was not restrictive for none of the tested situations. For the first situation the gotten maximum income was of R$ 1,883,372.87 and for the second situation it was of R$ 1,821,772.40. In the model including risk a producer that accepts risk can in the first situation get the maximum income of R$ 1,883,372. 87 with a minimum risk of R$ 350 year(-1), and in the second situation R$ 1,821,772.40 with a minimum risk of R$ 40 year(-1). Already a producer averse to the risk can get in the first situation a maximum income of R$ 1,775,974.81 with null risk and for the second situation R$ 1.707.706, 26 with null risk, both without water restriction. These results stand out the importance of the inclusion of the risk in supplying alternative occupations to the producer, allowing to a producer taking of decision considered the risk aversion and the pretension of income.

The Effects of Live, Taped and No Music on People Experiencing Posttraumatic Amnesia

This study compared the effects of live, taped, and no music, on agitation and orientation levels of people experiencing posttraumatic amnesia (PTA). Participants (N = 22) were exposed to all 3 conditions, twice over 6 consecutive days. Songs used in the live and taped music conditions were identical and were selected based on participants' own preferred music. Pre and posttesting was conducted for each condition using the Agitated Behavior Scale (Corrigan, 1989) and the Westmead PTA Scale (Shores, Marosszeky, Sandanam, Batchelor, 1986). Participants' memory for the music used was also tested and compared with their memory for pictorial material presented in the Westmead PTA Scale. Results indicate that music significantly reduced agitation (p

Rough Notes on Programming AVR Microcontrollers in C

These notes follow on from the material that you studied in CSSE1000 Introduction to Computer Systems. There you studied details of logic gates, binary numbers and instruction set architectures using the Atmel AVR microcontroller family as an example. In your present course (METR2800 Team Project I), you need to get on to designing and building an application which will include such a microcontroller. These notes focus on programming an AVR microcontroller in C and provide a number of example programs to illustrate the use of some of the AVR peripheral devices.