Chemoprevention of preneoplastic liver foci development by dietary mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill in the rat

The chemopreventive potential of an Agaricus blazei (Ab) Murrill mushroom meal was investigated in a medium-term rat liver carcinogenesis assay. Male Wistar rats initiated for hepatocarcinogenesis with diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg i.p.) were fed during a 6-week period with the dry powdered mushroom strains Ab 29 or 26, each one with opened (OB) or closed basidiocarp (CB), mixed at 10% level in a basal diet. All experimental animals and controls were subjected to partial hepatectomy at week 3 and killed at week 8. Chemopreventive activity of the mushroom meal was observed for the Ab 29 (OB and CB) and Ab 26 (CB) strains in terms of the number of putative preneoplastic altered foci of hepatocytes which express either the enzyme glutathione S-transferase, placental form (GST-P+) or the transforming growth factor-alpha, and for the Ab 29 (OB) and Ab 26 (CB) strains on the size of GST-P-divided by foci. This was associated with inhibition of foci cell proliferation in the animals fed the Ab 29 (013) and Ab 26 (CB) strains. The results suggest that the protective influence of the Ab meal against the DEN potential for rat liver carcinogenicity depends on both the strain and period of mushroom harvest. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Antimutagenic effect of Agaricus blazei Murrill mushroom on the genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide

Agaricus blazei Murrill extracts have previously been shown to have anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic proper-ties. These results suggest that antimutagenic activity, besides the modulation of the immune system, might be involved in the anticarcinogenic action of A. blazei. To investigate the possible antimutagenic effect of A. blazei in vivo, we evaluated its effect on clastogenicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) in mice, using the micronucleus test in bone marrow (MNPCE) and in peripheral blood (MNRET). Male Swiss mice were treated with CP (25 or 50 mg/kg i.p.) or with CP plus mushroom solution at three different temperatures: 4, 21, and 60 degreesC. Aqueous solution of a mixture from various lineages of the mushroom inhibited induction of micronuclei by CP in bone marrow and in peripheral blood of mice. In contrast to the mixture of lineages, a single isolated lineage did not lead to a reduction of CP-induced MN frequencies in either bone marrow or blood cells of mice. The results suggest that under certain circumstances these mushrooms exhibit antimutagenic activities that might contribute to an anticarcinogenic effect. (C) 2001 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Variation of the antimutagenicity effects of water extracts of Agaricus blazei Murrill in vitro

Agaricus blazei Murill, popularly known as Sun Mushroom or Himematsutake, is native to Brazil. Nowadays, this mushroom has been target of great scientific interest due to its medical power and because it has shown antitumoral and immune modulatory properties. This work evaluated the mutagenic and antimutagenic potential from aqueous extracts prepared in different temperatures (4 degreesC, 25 degreesC and 60 degreesC) from the lineage AB 97/29 in two basidiocarp phases (young and sporulated) and from A. blazei commercialized in Londrina- PR - Brazil, named here as AB PR, and in Piedade- SP- Brazil, named as AB SP. Both micronucleus (MN) as comet assays were used. Chinese hamster lung V79 cells were treated in three antimutagenic experimental protocols: pre-, post- and simultaneous treatments, with the aqueous extracts of the A. blazei Murill and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The results suggested that under these circumstances of treatment, aqueous extracts of the A. blazei in both assays did not show any genotoxic potential. However, by the MN test, an antigenotoxic effect was shown against mutagenicity inducted by MMS for aqueous extracts at 60 degreesC of mushroom commercialized in Piedade- SP, in pre-, post- and simultaneous treatments and for AB PR only when used in pre-treatment. on the other hand, with comet assay, the results showed no protective effect in any case. The numbers indicated that different results can be get from A. blazei teas, and that not all of them seemed to be an efficient antimutagen against the induction of micronuclei by MMS. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Antimutagenic effects of the mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill extracts on V79 cells

Agaricus blazei Murrill, a native mushroom in Brazil, has been widely consumed in different parts of the world due to its medicinal power. Its anticarcinogenic activity has been shown in experimental animals, and antimutagenic activity has been demonstrated only in Salmonella. In this work, the multagenic and antimutagenic activities of mushroom teas of strains AB96/07, AB96/09 and AB97/11 were evaluated in Chinese hamster V79 cells, using the comet assay and the micronucleus test. The cells were treated with three different concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15) of teas prepared from a 2.5% aqueous solution, under three different temperatures: (1) room (20-25 degreesC); (2) ice-cold (2-8 degreesC); and (3) warm (60 degreesC). The teas were applied in co-, pre- and post-treatments in combination with the mutagen methyl methanesulfonate (MMS; 1.6 x 10(-4) and 4 x 10(-4) M). The duration of the treatment was 1 h in the comet assay and 2 h in the micronucleus test. The results showed that the mushroom was not mutagenic itself. Nevertheless, the mushroom is an efficient antimutagen against the induction of micronuclei by MMS in all concentrations and preparations tested. The observed reductions in the frequencies of micronuclei ranged from 61.5 (room temperature 0.1% tea in post-treatment) to 110.3% (co-treatment with warm and ice-cold 0.15% tea). In the comet assay, the antimutagenic activity was detected only when the cells were pre-treated with the following teas: warm 0.1 and 0.15%, room temperature 0.05% and ice-cold 0.1%. The results indicate that the mushroom A. blazei extracts are antimutagenic when tested in V79 cells. (C) 2001 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of organic extracts of mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill on V79 cells

Agaricus blazei Murrill, popularly known as the sun mushroom, is a native mushroom in SP, Brazil, that has been widely used in the treatment of cancer and many other pathologies in different parts of the world. A water-soluble protein-polysaccharide complex (1 → 6)β-D-glucan has been isolated from its fruiting body that showed immune-modulation activity. From organic extracts, linoleic acid has been isolated and determined to be the main substance with antimutagenic activity. Using both the micronucleus (MN) and comet (single cell microgel electrophoresis) assays, this study determined the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of A. blazei (AB) obtained from commercial sources or the following strains: a) strains AB 97/29 (young and sporulated phases); b) a mixture taken from AB 96/07, AB 96/09 and AB 97/ 11 strains; and c) commercial mushrooms from Londrina, PR and Piedade, SP, designated as AB PR and AB SP, respectively. The extracts from these mushrooms were isolated in chloroform:methanol (3:1) and used in vitro at three different concentrations. V79 cells (Chinese hamster lung cells) were exposed to the extracts under pre-, simultaneous and post-treatment conditions, combined with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Under the circumstances of this study, these organic extracts did not show any genotoxic or mutagenic effects, but did protect cells against the induction of micronuclei by MMS. Copyright by the Brazilian Society of Genetics.

Relação C/N e proporção de fontes nitrogenadas na produtividade de Agaricus blazei Murrill e poder calorífico do composto

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Camadas de cobertura com diferentes combinações de solos e ambientes de cultivo na produção do cogumelo agaricus blazei (Murrill) ss. Heinemann.)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Produtividade e teor de β-glucana de Agaricus subrufescens Peck [Agaricus blazei (Murrill) ss. Heinemann], em função de diferentes práticas de cultivo e conversões energéticas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação dos efeitos renais do extrato aquoso de Agaricus blazei Murrill em ratos Wistar in vivo

O Agaricus balzei Murrill (ABM), comumente conhecido como cogumelo-do-sol, tornou-se popular, devido sua utilização no tratamento de diversas doenças, uma vez que a populaçao em geral lhe atribui diversos efeitos benéficos. Sendo assim, o cogumelo em questão é bastante estudado pelos pesquisadores, na tentativa de validar esses possíveis efeitos medicinais. O presente trabalho pretendeu avaliar os efeitos renais e adicionalmente os parâmetros cardiovasculares, analisando os efeitos do extrato aquoso de ABM em ratos Wistar in vivo. Estes estudos foram realizados em gaiolas metabólicas e os animais divididos em dois grupos: controle (n=8), onde os ratos recebiam uma picada para simular a injeção e experimental (n=10),onde os ratos recebiam 1mL de extrato aquoso à 2% por via intraperitoneal, ao longo do período tratado. Foram avaliados: o fluxo urinário de 24h, carga excretada de sódio (Qe Na+) e carga excretada de potássio (Qe K+) durante o período basal (30dias) e o período tratado (60 dias). Já os parâmetros cardiovasculares foram mensurados (com o sistema BIOPAC), ao fim do período de 60dias de tratamento. Por meio destas análises foi possível registrar uma queda aguda de pressão arterial nos ratos do grupo experimental, durante 15min, nesses ratos. Também foram observadas as respostas barorreflexas e a resposta bradicárdia foi menos acentuadas no grupo experimetal após a administração de fenilefrina (5μg/kg) em comparação ao grupo controle (p<0,05). Os resultados de fluxo urinário de 24h, Qe Na+ e Qe K+ demostraram que o extrato aquoso de ABM foi capaz de promover um aumento significativo (p<0,05) de 36%, 20% e 22%, respectivamente. Os resultados aqui apresentados, indicam que esse extrato tem princípios ativos natriuréticos e, além disso, o extrato apresentou uma redução acentuada após 15min da injeção... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Chemical, enzymatic and cellular antioxidant activity studies of Agaricus blazei Murrill

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

华中地区多孔菌物种多样性和资源研究

多孔菌是指具有孔状子实层的木材腐朽菌，该类群隶属于担子菌门(Basidiomycota)，担子菌纲 (Basidiomycetes)，是一类数量较多、组成较为复杂的真菌。 多孔菌具有重要的生态功能和经济价值。该类群真菌能够降解木质素和纤维素，在森林生态系统中起着关键的降解还原作用。同时，多孔菌还是重要的生物资源。部分种类能够造成林木病害是林木病原菌；部分多孔菌具有药用、食用价值；有些种类的多孔菌还具有重要的工业应用价值。 华中地区是我国生物多样性最丰富的地区之一，该地区多孔菌资源丰富。然而华中地区的多孔菌研究非常薄弱，该地区的多孔菌资源的种类和分布仍不明确。本文对华中地区不同森林生态类型中的多孔菌进行了广泛调查和标本采集。通过形态学、分子生物学和遗传交配实验，对华中地区的多孔菌多样性与资源进行了系统的研究，并初步分析了华中地区多孔菌的区系特点。 通过本论文的研究，明确了华中地区多孔菌的种类与多孔菌资源的分布，丰富了我国木生真菌的种类，为控制林木病原菌、开发利用有益真菌资源提供了基础数据和科学依据。本论文的主要研究结论如下： 1.华中地区采集的近2000号标本，按照现代分类系统共鉴定出257种多孔 菌，包括5个新种：庄氏地花孔菌Albatrellus zhuangii Y.C. Dai & Juan Li，宽孢全缘孔菌Haploporus latisporus Juan Li & Y.C. Dai，河南纤孔菌Inonotus henanensis Juan Li & Y.C. Dai，覆瓦拟硬孔菌Rigidoporopsis tegularis Juan Li & Y.C. Dai，菌索干皮孔菌Skeletocutis fimbriata Juan Li & Y.C. Dai；4个中国新记录种：假斑点嗜蓝孢孔菌Fomitiporia pseudopunctata (A. David, Dequatre & Fiasson) Fiasson，仲氏针层孔菌Phellinus johnsonianus (Murrill) Ryvarden，合生坛担菌Sistotrema confluens Pers.，姬氏芮氏孔菌Wrightoporia gillesii A. David & Rajchenb.。 2.利用分子系统学方法，确定了两种通过形态学研究难鉴定的种类的分类学地位，并探讨了针层孔菌属和地花孔菌属的系统发育关系。 3.华中地区的异担子菌有岛生异担子菌和小孔异担子菌两种，不存在多年异担子菌这一严重的森林病原菌。该地区的岛生异担子菌为该复合种中的T生物种，为腐生菌，不对针叶树造成严重病害。 4.华中地区的257种多孔菌隶属于担子菌门、担子菌纲，共有8目、17科、75属。优势科依次为多孔菌科，锈革孔菌科和拟层孔菌科。这三科的种类构成了华中地区多孔菌区系的主体。针层孔菌属为华中地区多孔菌的优势属，其他依次为多孔菌属，波氏孔菌属，多年卧孔菌属，干皮孔菌属，栓孔菌属和薄孔菌属。 5.华中地区多孔菌的75个属共划分为6种地理成分：世界广布属，北温带分布属，热带–亚热带分布属，东亚–北美分布属，大洋洲–北美洲分布属和东亚分布属。除世界广布属外，北温带分布属和热带–亚热带分布属是华中地区多孔菌的主体。 6.华中地区的257种多孔菌划分为8种地理成分：世界广布成分，北温带分布成分，泛热带分布成分，亚–欧共有成分，东亚–北美共有成分，东亚–澳大利亚共有成分，东亚成分，中国特有种。除世界广布成分外，以北温带分布成分和泛热带成分为主。华中地区多孔菌区系基本上属温带性质，同时具有一定比例的泛热带成分，说明华中地区多孔菌区系具有明显的从温带到热带的过渡性质。 7.华中地区的多孔菌资源丰富，野生的食、药用多孔菌48种；工业用多孔菌有21种；林木病原菌有37种，其中新报道病原菌1种。 8.华中地区稀有多孔菌有22种，濒危多孔菌10种。

刺槐心材腐朽病初报

辽宁大连和北京地区刺槐(Robiniapseudoacacia)心材腐朽病的病原菌为槐生多年卧孔菌 (Perennipo riarobiniophila(Murrill)Ryvarden)。根据野外调查对此新病害的症状和危害进行了报道,并根据采集的病原标本材料对该病原菌进行了详细描述。该菌主要危害 30年生以上的活立木,造成心材白色腐朽,最终导致受害树木枯死或风折后死亡。

锈革孔菌科(担子菌门,非褶菌目)中国二新记录种(英文)

<正>1 INTRODUCTION During the investigation on wood-inhabiting fungi in China, two species of the Hymenochaetaceae were found: Fomitiporia texana (Murrill) Nuss and Inonotus ochroporus (Van der Byl) Pegler. Because they were not recorded in the Chinese fungal flora (Dai, 1999; Dai et al., 2001; Dai & Niemel?, 2006; Nú?ez & Ryvarden, 2000; Ryvarden, 2005), and their illustrated descriptions are given according to our collections.

中国多孔菌一新记录种——韦氏小针层孔菌(英文)

根据中国的标本材料对中国多孔菌一新记录种———韦氏小针层孔菌 [Phellinidiumweirii(Murrill)Y .C .Dai]进行了详细描述 ,并讨论了该种与其相似种硫色小针层孔菌的区别 :该种担子果多年生 ,管孔较小 ( 5～ 7vs 4～ 5permm) ,管口全缘 ,担孢子不嗜蓝 ,只生长在柏树上。该种分布于青海省祁连山地区 ,生长在祁连圆柏上 ,造成祁连圆柏根部白色腐朽。

Espécies de Hypholoma (Fr.) P. Kumm. e Stropharia (Fr.) Quél. (Strophariaceae,Agaricales) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Espécimes de Hypholoma (Fr.) P. Kumm. e Stropharia (Fr.) Quél., ambos pertencentes à família Strophariaceae Singer & A.H. Sm., de ocorrência no estado do Rio Grande do Sul foram estudados. O estudo baseou-se em coletas realizadas pelo autor no período entre março de 2004 e setembro de 2005, e também na revisão do material depositado em herbários do estado, Brasil e exterior. As análises macro e microscópica dos basidiomas foram realizadas segundo metodologia usual para estudo de fungos agaricóides, e todo o material coletado encontra-se preservado no Herbário do Departamento de Botânica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICN). Neste estudo, concluiu-se que o gênero Hypholoma está representado no Rio Grande do Sul pelas seguintes espécies: H. aurantiacum (Cooke) Faus, H. ericaeum (Pers.: Fr.) Kühner, e H. subviride (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Dennis. Da mesma forma, o gênero Stropharia encontra-se representado no estado por: S. acanthocystis Cortez & R.M. Silveira, S. aeruginosa (Curtis: Fr.) Quél., S. alcis var. austrobrasiliensis Cortez & R.M. Silveira, S. apiahyna (Speg.) Cortez & R.M. Silveira, S. araucariae Cortez & R.M. Silveira, S. coronilla (Bull.: Fr.) Quél., S. dorsipora Esteve-Rav. & Barrasa, S. earlei Norvell & Redhead, S. rugosoannulata Farl. ex Murrill e S. semiglobata (Batsch: Fr.) Quél. Dentre estas, Stropharia acanthocystis, S. alcis var. austrobrasiliensis e S. araucariae, são descritos como novos táxons para a ciência; S. apiahyna é proposta como uma nova combinação; S. dorsipora, S. aeruginosa e S. earlei são citadas, respectivamente, pela primeira vez para a América do Sul, Brasil e Rio Grande do Sul. São apresentadas chaves de identificação, descrições e ilustrações macro e microscópicas de todas as espécies estudadas.