1000 resultados para Material sanitario


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Aplicar un programa de Educación para la Salud Bucodental con carácter preventivo e integrado en el DCB para niños preescolares de primer y segundo curso de Educación Infantil (4-6 años) que favorezca un incremento de la salud oral. 200 niños de 4 a 6 años de dos colegios públicos de la zona sur de Madrid, del mismo barrio. El grupo de control lo forman 99 sujetos y el experimental 101. A los dos grupos se les pasó el cuestionario y se les realizó una prueba del índice placa bacteriana antes de la aplicación del programa experimental (pretest). Se aplica el programa sólo al grupo experimental. Los dos grupos (experimental y control) siguieron el DCB sobre educación para la salud bucodental que indica el Ministerio de Educación para la Educación Infantil. Al finalizar el estudio se volvió a pasar el cuestionario y a realizar la prueba de control de placa a los dos grupos (postest). Cuestionario sobre conocimientos hábitos y actitudes en salud bucodental de elaboración propia. Fichas de control de placa y pastillas de revelador de placa. Material sanitario. Programa de Educación para la salud bucodental (guías, fichas, calendario y charlas). Diseño cuasiexperimental de dos grupos (control y experimental) con pre y postest. Contraste de hipótesis. Paquete SPSS v.8.01. La aplicación de programas de salud bucodental integrados en el DCB para niños preescolares favorece un incremento de sus salud oral demostrando los resultados de esta investigación que sólo las actividades propuestas por el Ministerio de Educaión son insuficientes ya que las diferencias con el grupo que siguió el programa experimental son altamente significativas.

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Aim: To compare soft-tissue dissolution by sodium hypochlorite, with an EDTA intermediate rinse, with or without activation with passive ultrasonic activation (PUI) or sonic activation using the Endoactivator (EA) or Eddy tips (ED). Methodology: The root canals of eighty-three human maxillary central incisors were chemo-mechanically prepared and the teeth split. A standardized longitudinal intracanal groove was created in one of the root halves. Eighty-three porcine palatal mucosa samples were collected, adapted to fit into the grooves and weighed. The re-assembled specimens were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 20), based on the final rinse: no activation; EA; PUI; ED, using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, with an EDTA intermediate rinse. A control group (n = 3) was irrigated with distilled water without activation. The solutions were delivered using a syringe and needle 2 mm from working length. Total irrigation time was 150 s, including 60 s of activation in the specific groups. The study was carried out at 36 ± 2 °C. The porcine palatal mucosa samples were weighed after completion of the assays. Student paired t-test and anova were used to assess the intra- and intergroup weight changes. The multiple comparisons were evaluated using Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05). Results: Weight loss occurred in all experimental groups. Irrigant activation resulted in greater weight loss when compared to the nonactivated group [vs. EA (P = 0.001); vs. PUI (P < 0.001); vs. ED (P < 0.001)]. No significant differences were found amongst the different activation systems. Conclusions: Activation increased the tissue-dissolving activity of irrigants from artificial grooves in root canals of maxillary central incisors. © 2016 International Endodontic Journal. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Faltan las diapositivas.

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Background. Iodine is an essential trace element implicated in synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine requirements vary throughout life. Yhis iodine requirement is increased during pregnancy and breastfeeding. In a previous study carried out by our group in 2008, we detected an iodine-deficient area in the province of Huelva, specially in dictrict Sierra de Huelva-Andévalo by means of neonatal TSH determinations. Objective. To reinforce the iodine supplementation campaign and its impact on their newborns in order to assess nutrition iodine status in 'pregnant women using questionnaire and ioduria determination. Material and methods. This study has been jointly carried out by Congenital Hypothiroidism Unit of the Clinical Biochemistry Department of the Virgen Macarena University Hosplital (Seville) and the Gynecology and Clinical Analysis Unit of the Río Tinto Hospital (Huelva) during two years. We studied 313 pregnant women. All of them filled out a personal questionnaire to know the iodine nutritional status in their area. Ioduria was determined by high-resolution liquid chromatography. Data from pregnant and results of the studied variables were analyzed with SPSS v.13.0. Conclusions. Pregnant women from the sanitary district Sierra de Huelva-Andévalo present a median for ioduria which corresponds to an insufficient iodine intake according to the WHO classification. The questionnaire suggest that this iodine deficiency is consequence of an insufficient iodine intake and a low adherence to the treatment.

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Realizado en la Facultad de Medicina de Salamanca, por 3 profesores del centro para la asignatura de Microbiología Médica y Enfermedades Infecciosas en el Cine para las titulaciones de Medicina, Odontología, Farmacia, Biología, Bioquímica, Enfermería y Fisioterapia. Los objetivos eran: conseguir un mayor dinamismo en la docencia; fomentar el interés de los alumnos en una disciplina en auge; conseguir una mayor participación de los alumnos en la actividad docente; facilitar la relación profesor-alumno; establecer bases sólidas de investigación en el campo sanitario-humanístico; y consolidar la docencia de primer y segundo ciclo e iniciar el desarrollo de programas interdisciplinarios de tercer ciclo. Para ello, se ha elaborado un programa académico que comprende el estudio de la Microbiología (13 unidades) y de las Enfermedades Infecciosas (17 unidades). Se recopiló material audiovisual y se diseñaron fichas docentes, siempre teniendo en mente lo que se quiere comunicar y enseñar. Tanto el curso 2003 como 2004 se han matriculado 350 alumnos, la capacidad máxima de la sala donde se imparte, con una asistencia del 90 por ciento. Y en esos dos años académicos se han realizado 24000 visitas a la página Web. El resultado del proyecto ha sido altamente satisfactorio, se siguen corrigiendo errores y se piensa en seguir ampliando la oferta de esta experiencia a otras especialidades.

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Bogotá (Colombia) : Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ingeniería. Programa de Ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria

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Fundamento. Mostrar las desigualdades en mortalidad prematura según indicadores de bienestar material en Navarra. Método. Todos los ciudadanos menores de 75 años residentes en Navarra en 2001 fueron seguidos durante 7 años para conocer su estado vital. El indicador de posición socioeconómica usado ha sido la superficie de la casa y el número de vehículos del hogar. Se han estimado las tasas de mortalidad general y por causa de muerte ajustadas por edad según estos indicadores. Resultados. La razón de tasas por todas las causas de muerte en las categorías inferiores es según la superficie de la vivienda de 1,14 (IC 95%: 1,05-1,24) y 1,25 (IC 95%: 1,18-1,32) en mujeres y hombres respectivamente y de 1,46 (IC 95%: 1,36-1,57) y 1,97 (IC 95%: 1,89-2,05) según el número de vehículos. El sida es la causa de muerte que presenta una mayor diferencia en las tasas de mortalidad entre las personas con menor y mayor bienestar material. Otras causas de muerte con elevada diferencia en las tasas de mortalidad son las enfermedades digestivas y la diabetes mellitus en mujeres y las enfermedades del aparato digestivo y respiratorio en hombres. Conclusiones. La tasa de mortalidad en la población navarra muestra un gradiente inverso con el bienestar material, a excepción de algunas localizaciones de cáncer. Este gradiente es mayor entre los hombres que entre las mujeres.

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Este es un estudio y una actualización sobre las principales normativas que regulan los registros sanitarios de medicamentos. Se han recopilado todos los requisitos que se deben cumplir para registrar un medicamento en El Salvador; Se limitó a aquellos medicamentos de fabricación nacional e implicó la revisión bibliográfica, la interpretación y la ejecución de las normativas, para brindar al usuario un detalle completo de toda la documentación que se debe preparar la elaboración de un expediente de registro sanitario de manera adecuada. Para su interpretación y explicación, se hizo una matriz comparativa, donde todos los requisitos descritos según la normativa que debe cumplir el fabricante del medicamento para su inscripción ante la Autoridad Reguladora, se explica detalladamente la documentación que se debe elaborar para cumplir con dichos requisitos. Se hizo un estudio prospectivo, ya que se llevó a cabo en un solo período de tiempo, el que implica la obtención de un registro sanitario. Se elaboró un expediente de registro sanitario completo, con ejemplos reales de la documentación técnica debe entregarse a la Autoridad Reguladora para su respectiva evaluación; como material de consulta o como una guía a seguir para la elaboración de expedientes de registro sanitario a aquellos profesionales Químicos Farmacéuticos que requieran conocer un poco más sobre la temática de Asuntos Regulatorios, el estudio incluye una serie de recomendaciones técnicas para aquellos profesionales que se dedican al ámbito regulatorio y que no están descritas en ninguna guía, pero que es necesario cumplir para lograr entregar un expediente de manera efectiva.

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Although various abutment connections and materials have recently been introduced, insufficient data exist regarding the effect of stress distribution on their mechanical performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different abutment materials and platform connections on stress distribution in single anterior implant-supported restorations with the finite element method. Nine experimental groups were modeled from the combination of 3 platform connections (external hexagon, internal hexagon, and Morse tapered) and 3 abutment materials (titanium, zirconia, and hybrid) as follows: external hexagon-titanium, external hexagon-zirconia, external hexagon-hybrid, internal hexagon-titanium, internal hexagon-zirconia, internal hexagon-hybrid, Morse tapered-titanium, Morse tapered-zirconia, and Morse tapered-hybrid. Finite element models consisted of a 4×13-mm implant, anatomic abutment, and lithium disilicate central incisor crown cemented over the abutment. The 49 N occlusal loading was applied in 6 steps to simulate the incisal guidance. Equivalent von Mises stress (σvM) was used for both the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the implant and abutment in all the groups and the maximum (σmax) and minimum (σmin) principal stresses for the numerical comparison of the zirconia parts. The highest abutment σvM occurred in the Morse-tapered groups and the lowest in the external hexagon-hybrid, internal hexagon-titanium, and internal hexagon-hybrid groups. The σmax and σmin values were lower in the hybrid groups than in the zirconia groups. The stress distribution concentrated in the abutment-implant interface in all the groups, regardless of the platform connection or abutment material. The platform connection influenced the stress on abutments more than the abutment material. The stress values for implants were similar among different platform connections, but greater stress concentrations were observed in internal connections.

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The present paper describes the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer - poly(methacrylic acid)/silica and reports its performance feasibility with desired adsorption capacity and selectivity for cholesterol extraction. Two imprinted hybrid materials were synthesized at different methacrylic acid (MAA)/tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) molar ratios (6:1 and 1:5) and characterized by FT-IR, TGA, SEM and textural data. Cholesterol adsorption on hybrid materials took place preferably in apolar solvent medium, especially in chloroform. From the kinetic data, the equilibrium time was reached quickly, being 12 and 20 min for the polymers synthesized at MAA/TEOS molar ratio of 6:1 and 1:5, respectively. The pseudo-second-order model provided the best fit for cholesterol adsorption on polymers, confirming the chemical nature of the adsorption process, while the dual-site Langmuir-Freundlich equation presented the best fit to the experimental data, suggesting the existence of two kinds of adsorption sites on both polymers. The maximum adsorption capacities obtained for the polymers synthesized at MAA/TEOS molar ratios of 6:1 and 1:5 were found to be 214.8 and 166.4 mg g(-1), respectively. The results from isotherm data also indicated higher adsorption capacity for both imprinted polymers regarding to corresponding non-imprinted polymers. Nevertheless, taking into account the retention parameters and selectivity of cholesterol in the presence of structurally analogue compounds (5-α-cholestane and 7-dehydrocholesterol), it was observed that the polymer synthesized at the MAA/TEOS molar ratio of 6:1 was much more selective for cholesterol than the one prepared at the ratio of 1:5, thus suggesting that selective binding sites ascribed to the carboxyl group from MAA play a central role in the imprinting effect created on MIP.

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Surgical treatment for enterocutaneous fistulas (EF) frequently fails. Cell therapy may represent a new approach to treatment. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have high proliferative and differentiation capacity. This study aimed to investigate whether MSCs could adhere to suture filament (SF), promoting better EF healing. MSCs, 1 × 10(6), from adipose tissue (ATMSCs) were adhered to a Polyvicryl SF by adding a specific fibrin glue formulation. Adhesion was confirmed by confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A cecal fistula was created in 22 Wistar rats by incising the cecum and suturing the opening to the surgical wound subcutaneously with four separate stitches. The animals were randomly allocated to three groups: control (CG)-five animals, EF performed; injection (IG)-eight animals 1 × 10(6) ATMSCs injected around EF borders; and suture filament (SG): nine animals, sutured with 1 × 10(6) ATMSCs attached to the filaments with fibrin glue. Fistulas were photographed on the operation day and every 3 days until the 21st day and analyzed by two observers using ImageJ Software. Confocal and SEM results demonstrated ATMSCs adhered to SF (ATMSCs-SF). The average reduction size of the fistula area at 21st day was greater for the SG group (90.34%, P < 0.05) than the IG (71.80%) and CG (46.54%) groups. ATMSCs adhered to SF maintain viability and proliferative capacity. EF submitted to ATMSCs-SF procedure showed greater recovery and healing. This approach might be a new and effective tool for EF treatment.

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Jute fiber is the second most common natural cellulose fiber worldwide, especially in recent years, due to its excellent physical, chemical and structural properties. The objective of this paper was to investigate: the thermal degradation of in natura jute fiber, and the production and characterization of the generated activated carbon. The production consisted of carbonization of the jute fiber and activation with steam. During the activation step the amorphous carbon produced in the initial carbonization step reacted with oxidizing gas, forming new pores and opening closed pores, which enhanced the adsorptive capacity of the activated carbon. N2 gas adsorption at 77K was used in order to evaluate the effect of the carbonization and activation steps. The results of the adsorption indicate the possibility of producing a porous material with a combination of microporous and mesoporous structure, depending on the parameters used in the processes, with resulting specific surface area around 470 m2.g-1. The thermal analysis indicates that above 600°C there is no significant mass loss.