O lambari Astyanax altiparanae (Characidae) pode ser um dispersor de sementes?

This work characterized the feeding of Astyanax altiparanae in the sub-basin of Corumbataí river and in the basin of Jacaré-pepira river with a focus on the ingestion of Croton urucurana seeds. The food items of Astyanax altiparanae were, in decreasing APD (Alimentary Preference Degree) order: allochthonous insects, allochthonous plant material, Croton urucurana seeds, autochthonous insects, sediments, autochthonous plant material, scales, oocytes and arachnidans. Croton urucurana seeds occurred during the summer, in the flood period. Lambari, Astyanax altiparanae, could be a secondary disperser of Croton urucurana seeds, however, the intensity and effectiveness of this dispersion may be still investigated.

Desempenho zootécnico e caracterização da linhagem germinativa de peixes diploides e triploides de lambari (Astyanax altiparanae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effect of the inclusion of fish residue oils in diets on the fatty acid profile of muscles of males and females lambari (Astyanax altiparanae)

This study evaluated the effects of two lipids sources of fish residue (tilapia and salmon) compared with a vegetable oil source (soybean oil) on the fatty acid profiles of male and female lambari. This experiment was developed in a completely randomized experimental design in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, totaling 6 treatments resulting from the combination of the three experimental diets for both sexes, with four replications for each treatment. This study involved 120 male (2.58 +/- 0.13 g) and 72 female lambari (4.00 +/- 0.09 g), fed the experimental diets twice a day until apparent satiation for a period of 60 days. Oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic fatty acids were found at higher concentrations in all experimental oils and diets, as well in the muscle of male and female lambari. The low amounts of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in the experimental diets and subsequent greater concentrations in muscle tissue, suggested that lambari are able to desaturate and elongate the chain of fatty acids with 18 carbons. The fish of both sexes that received the diet with soybean oil showed high levels of n-6 fatty acids, especially of C18: 2n-6 and low levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. The diet with salmon residue oil promoted higher levels of fatty acids of the n-3 series and resulted in the best n-3/n-6 ratio in the muscle of male and female lambari. The oils from fish residues can be a substitute for traditional fish oil and its use in the lambari diets does not impair its growth.

Efeito anestésico do óleo de cravo em alevinos de lambari

Para avaliar o efeito anestésico do óleo de cravo em lambaris (Astyanax altiparanae), cinco grupos de 30 alevinos (0,6±0,1g) foram expostos às concentrações de 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150mg L-1, medindo-se, respectivamente: tempo de indução à anestesia profunda (caracterizada pela perda de equilíbrio, pela ausência de natação, pela redução dos movimentos operculares e pelas respostas apenas a estímulos táteis mais intensos), tempo de recuperação e taxa de mortalidade após a exposição. Em uma segunda etapa (10 peixes/tratamento), registraram-se, para cada concentração, os tempos de indução e de recuperação após anestesia cirúrgica (movimentos operculares lentos e irregulares e perda de reações a estímulos), anotando-se a mortalidade após seis minutos de exposição. Observou-se redução linear no tempo de indução à anestesia (0,01min mg-1 de anestésico acrescido) e aumento quadrático do tempo de recuperação com a elevação da concentração (resposta máxima estimada em 7,1 minutos). A anestesia profunda foi alcançada em tempo inferior a 1,5 minuto para todas as concentrações, com recuperação mais rápida e sem mortalidade para 50mg L-1. Para indução à anestesia cirúrgica, foram registrados menores tempos nas concentrações 75 e 100mg L-1; porém, com mortalidade de 80% e 100%, respectivamente. A concentração 50mg L-1 promoveu anestesia cirúrgica e recuperação em 3,29±0,71 e 4,97±0,63 minutos, respectivamente, sem mortalidade. Concluiu-se que o óleo de cravo possui efeito anestésico para alevinos de lambari, sendo 50mg L-1 a concentração eficiente e segura para indução à anestesia profunda em até 1,5 minuto e de anestesia cirúrgica em até 3,3 minutos de exposição.

Farinha de vísceras de aves na alimentação de alevinos de lambari

O lambari, Astyanax altiparanae, é uma espécie muito comum em rios nacionais, com grande potencial para a piscicultura nacional. Ele apresenta crescimento rápido e carne de excelente sabor, sendo muito apreciado com petisco e como isca viva para a pesca esportiva. A farinha de vísceras de aves é uma importante fonte protéica de origem animal. O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a inclusão de farinha de vísceras de aves (FV) em rações para alevinos de lambari. Foram utilizados 125 alevinos, apresentando peso e comprimento inicial médio de 0,080±0,002g e 1,86±0,20cm, respectivamente, distribuídos em 25 aquários. As rações foram formuladas de forma a conter 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% de FV na dieta. O arraçoamento foi realizado quatro vezes ao dia, na forma farelada e à vontade. O valores médios de peso final (1,47, 1,92, 2,02, 2,11 e 2,15g) e comprimento final (4,40, 4,78, 4,92, 4,92 e 5,08cm) dos alevinos de lambari apresentaram aumento linear (P<0,05) diretamente proporcional aos níveis de inclusão (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% de FV) nas rações. A sobrevivência (88, 96, 92, 76 e 88%) e a conversão alimentar aparente (4,58, 3,29, 3,25, 3,92 e 3,34) não apresentaram diferença (P<0,05) entre os níveis de FV na dieta. A inclusão de farinha de vísceras de aves em rações à base de ingredientes de origem vegetal melhora o desempenho e o teor protéico da carcaça.

Desenvolvimento gonadal inicial e reversão sexual em Astyanax altiparanae (Teleostei, characidae)

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC

Testes of Astyanax altiparanae: The Sertoli cell functions in a semicystic spermatogenesis

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Custos e viabilidade econômica da produção de lambari-do-rabo amarelo em Monte Castelo/SP: um estudo de caso

The aim of this study was to analyze the cost of production and economic viability of production of Lambari in Monte Castelo/SP, with the primary market for the live-bait for sport fishing of carnivorous fish. To calculate the operating cost structure was used the model proposed by the Instituto de Economia Agricola from São Paulo/Brazil. In analyzing the economic viability of investment, we determined the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Pay Back Period. It was noted that the inputs represented approximately 74.0% of the EOC (Effective Operating Cost). In the rentability analysis (short term), there was an operating profit of R$ 3,133.45 for a cycle, with a profitability of 18.65% for four months of production, a cost price of R$ 13.02 kg(-1). For viability of the activity (long term), the results were attractive to recovery capital from the 3(rd) year (Pay Back), with an IRR of 25.68% and 89.0% return on the producer in 5 years (BCR - benefit cost ratio). The study of costs and economic viability analysis reinforce the importance of rational management in the productive system and the importance of planning and managing the profitability of the activity.

Aspectos reprodutivos, morfologia dos gametas e desenvolvimento embrionário de Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski (Teleostei, Characidae)

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Caracterização dos rastros branquiais de Astyanax altiparanae (Characidae) por técnicas histoquímicas e ultramorfológicas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Henneguya intracornea n.sp. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) parasita do olho do lambari, Astyanax Scabripinnis (Jenyns, 1842) (Osteichthyes, Characidae)

Descreve-se um novo mixosporídeo - Henneguya intracornea n.sp - parasita da córnea de peixe de água doce, Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns, 1842) da região de Campinas, Sp. As sucessivas fases evolutivas são descritas. Assinalam-se os caracteres morfológicos e biológicos que distinguem H. intracornea n.sp. das demais espécies do gênero. Destaca-se o parasitismo exclusivo da córnea do peixe parasitado e suas características morfológicas, com ênfase para sua típica cápsula polar, com a forma de garrafa e para os dois processos caudais, desiguais no comprimento.

A new species of Henneguya, a gill parasite of Astyanax altiparanae (Pisces: Characidae) from Brazil, with comments on histopathology and seasonality

A new species of Myxosporea, Henneguya chydadea, is described parasitizing the gills of Astyanax altiparanae collected from a lake on Rio das Pedras farm near Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Of the fish examined, 88.3% had gills parasitized by myxosporeans. The prevalence of the parasite ranged from 80% in the spring and fall, 93% in the summer and 100% in the winter. The parasite induced the formation of white, oval-shaped cysts measuring 40-64 µm x 64-80 µm which deformed the gill lamellae, compressed the capillaries, and caused retraction of the neighboring lamellae. The mature spores were elongated and had two identical, parallel elongate polar capsules. Each capsule contained a polar filament with 9-10 turns. There was no mucous envelope or iodinophilous vacuole. Morphometric differences between this parasite and other species of the genus Henneguya indicated, that he parasite observed in A. altiparanae is a new species. This is the first report of a myxosporeanparasitizing A. altiparanae.

Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and gonadal maturation of lambari females under different photoperiods

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of photoperiod on luteinizing hormone (LH) plasma levels and gonadal maturation of lambari females. One hundred and twenty adult lambaris, distributed into 12 aquaria of 20 L each, were randomly subjected to three different treatments, in a completely randomized design, and four replicates. Treatments were photoperiods in hours of light (L) and darkness (D): T1, 0 L:24 D; T2, 12 L:12 D; T3, 24 L:0 D. After 40 days, fish were subjected to fasting for 24 hours and, then, anesthetized. Immediately after slaughter, fish were weighed, and their gonads and livers were removed and weighed. Ovaries were weighed and immersed in Bouin's fixative solution for 24 hours and, then, kept in 70% alcohol until processing the material. Subsequently, the oocyte developmental stage was determined. No significant differences were observed between treatments for final weight, ovary weight, gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and LH levels. In all treatments, lambari females showed maturing ovaries with prevalence of vitellogenic oocytes. Photoperiod does not affect the LH levels and ovarian maturation in lambari females.

Comparative Cytogenetics and Molecular Phylogeography in the Group Astyanax altiparanae - Astyanax aff. bimaculatus (Teleostei, Characidae)

The genus Astyanax comprises small characin fish of the neotropical region. The so-called `yellow-tailed characins` compose one of the most widely distributed Astyanax groups. A. altiparanae and A. aff. bimaculatus, are evolutionarily closely related and commonly found in several Brazilian hydrographic basins. In the present work, chromosomal data of specimens of A. altiparanae and A. aff. bimaculatus from 4 hydrographic basins in the states of Sao Paulo (Upper Tiete, Paranapanema, Ribeira de Iguape) and Rio de Janeiro (Guapimirim) are shown. All the populations showed 50 chromosomes, with different karyotypic formula. Although only a single Ag-NOR bearing chromosome pair was observed, all populations possess multiple cistrons of 18S rDNA. FISH with the 5S rDNA probe showed single signals at the interstitial position of one metacentric chromosome pair. C-bands are distributed in the terminal and interstitial regions of several chromosomes. However, the As-51 satDNA are frugally located in a few chromosomes of fishes from Upper Tiete, Paranapanema and Guapimirim Rivers, being absent in individuals of A. aff. bimaculatus from Ribeira de Iguape River basin. Beside these 4 populations, molecular phylogeography studies were also performed in individuals from Middle and Lower Tiete River basin and from 2 additional collection sites in the Paranapanema and Ribeira de Iguape River basins. The phylogeographic analysis using 2 mtDNA regions (totalizing 1.314 bp of ND2 and ATPase6/8 genes) of 8 populations of the group of `yellow-tailed characins` from 3 major hydrographic basins showed structuring of populations, suggesting a correlation between chromosomal (nuclear) and molecular (mitochondrial) data. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel

First report of a B chromosome in a natural population of Astyanax altiparanae (Characiformes, Characidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)