31 resultados para J8


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The study reported here investigated the immunogenicity and protective potential of a lipid core peptide (LCP) construct containing a conserved region determinant of M protein, defined as peptide J8. Parenteral immunization of mice with LCP-J8 led to the induction of high-titer serum immunoglobulin G J18-specific antibodies when the construct was coadministered with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or administered alone. LCP-J8 in CFA had significantly enhanced immunogenicity compared with the monomeric peptide J8 given in CFA. Moreover, LCP-J8/CFA and LCP-J8 antisera opsonized four different group A streptococcal (GAS) strains, and the antisera did not cross-react with human heart tissue proteins. These data indicate the potential of an LCP-based M protein conserved region GAS vaccine in the induction of broadly protective immune responses in the absence of a conventional adjuvant.

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Infection with group A streptococci (GAS) can lead to rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) which are a major health concern particularly in indigenous populations worldwide, and especially in Australian Aboriginals. A primary route of GAS infection is via the upper respiratory tract, and therefore, a major goal of research is the development of a mucosal-based GAS vaccine, The majority of the research to date has focused on the GAS M protein since immunity to GAS is mediated by M protein type-specific opsonic antibodies. There are two major impediments to the development of a vaccine-the variability in M proteins and the potential for the induction of an autoimmune response. To develop a safe and broad-based vaccine, we have therefore focused on the GAS M protein conserved C-region, and have identified peptides, J8 and the closely related J8 peptide (J14), which may be important in protective immunity to GAS infection. Using a mucosal animal model system, our data have shown a high degree of throat GAS colonisation in B10.BR mice 24 h following intranasal immunisation with the mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), and/or diptheria toxoid (dT) carrier, or PBS alone, and challenge with the M1 GAS strain. However, GAS colonisation of the throat was significantly reduced following intranasal immunisation of mice with the vaccine candidate J8 conjugated to dT or J14-dT when administered with CTB. Moreover, J8-dT/CTB and J14-dT/CTB-immunised mice had a significantly higher survival when compared to CTB and PBS-immunised control mice. These data indicate that immunity to GAS infection can be evoked by intranasal immunisation with a GAS M protein C-region peptide vaccine that contains a protective B cell epitope and lacks a T cell autoepitope. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Purpose. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential of a novel custom-designed rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lens to modify the relative peripheral refractive error in a sample of myopic patients. Methods. Fifty-two right eyes of 52 myopic patients (mean [TSD] age, 21 [T2] years) with spherical refractive errors ranging from j0.75 to j8.00 diopters (D) and refractive astigmatism of 1.00 D or less were fitted with a novel experimental RGP (ExpRGP) lens designed to create myopic defocus in the peripheral retina. A standard RGP (StdRGP) lens was used as a control in the same eye. The relative peripheral refractive error was measured without the lens and with each of two lenses (StdRGP and ExpRGP) using an open-field autorefractometer from 30 degrees nasal to 30 degrees temporal, in 5-degree steps. The effectiveness of the lens design was evaluated as the amount of relative peripheral refractive error difference induced by the ExpRGP compared with no lens and with StdRGP conditions at 30 degrees in the nasal and temporal (averaged) peripheral visual fields. Results. Experimental RGP lens induced a significant change in relative peripheral refractive error compared with the nolens condition (baseline), beyond the 10 degrees of eccentricity to the nasal and temporal side of the visual field (p G 0.05). The maximum effect was achieved at 30 degrees. Wearing the ExpRGP lens, 60% of the eyes had peripheral myopia exceeding j1.00 D, whereas none of the eyes presented with this feature at baseline. There was no significant correlation (r = 0.04; p = 0.756) between the degree of myopia induced at 30 degrees of eccentricity of the visual field with the ExpRGP lens and the baseline refractive error. Conclusions. Custom-designed RGP contact lenses can generate a significant degree of relative peripheral myopia in myopic patients regardless of their baselin spherical equivalent refractive error.

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Fondements : La recherche sur l'oedème postopératoire consécutif à la chirurgie prothétique du genou est peu développée, notamment en raison de l'absence d'une méthode de mesure adaptée. Une collaboration entre physiothérapeutes et ingénieurs a permis de développer et valider une méthode de mesure innovante et facilement applicable. Les physiothérapeutes ont identifié un besoin clinique, les ingénieurs ont apporté leur savoir technologique, et l'équipe a conjointement élaboré le protocole de mesure et effectué l'étude de validation. Introduction : La bioimpédance est fréquemment utilisée pour évaluer l'oedème par l'analyse d'un signal électrique passant au travers du corps, en extrapolant la résistance théorique à une fréquence égale à zéro (R0). La mesure s'avère fiable et rapide, mais n'a jamais été appliquée et validée pour l'évaluation de l'oedème en chirurgie orthopédique. Objectif : L'objectif de l'étude est de valider la mesure de l'oedème du membre inférieur par bioimpédance, chez des patients ayant bénéficié d'une prothèse totale de genou (PTG). Questionnement : Après nous être assurés de l'absence d'influence de l'implant métallique de la PTG sur la mesure, nous nous questionnions sur la validité et la fiabilité des mesures de bioimpédance dans ce contexte. Méthodes : Deux évaluateurs ont mesuré à tour de rôle et à deux reprises successives l'oedème chez 24 patients opérés d'une PTG, à trois temps différents (préopératoire, J+2, J+8). L'oedème a été évalué par bioimpédance (R0) et par conversion en volume de mesures centimétriques du membre inférieur (MI). Nous avons calculé le ratio moyen des MI pour chaque méthode. Nous avons évalué la reproductibilité intra- et inter-observateurs de la bioimpédance (coefficient de corrélation intraclasse, CCI) et la corrélation entre méthodes (Spearman). Résultats : Le ratio moyen opéré/sain du volume des MI est de 1.04 (SD ± 0.06) en préopératoire, 1.18 (SD ± 0.09) à J+2 et 1.17 (SD ± 0.10) à J+8. Le ratio sain/opéré des MI de R0 est de 1.04 (SD ± 0.07) en préopératoire, 1.51 (SD ± 0.22) à J+2 et 1.65 (SD ± 0.21) à J+8. En préopératoire, à J+2 et J+8, les CCI tous supérieurs à 0.95 pour la reproductibilité intra- et inter-observateurs de la bioimpédance. La corrélation entre méthodes est de 0.71 en préopératoire, 0.61 à J2 et 0.33 à J8. Analyse et conclusion : La variation du ratio des MI entre les temps préopératoire, J+2 et J+8 est plus marquée pour R0. La mesure de bioimpédance bénéficie d'une excellente reproductibilité intra- et inter-observateurs. L'évolution dans le temps de la corrélation entre méthodes peut être expliquée par l'influence potentielle de facteurs confondants sur R0 (modification de la composition liquidienne) et par l'influence de l'atrophie musculaire postopératoire sur la mesure de volume. La collaboration physiothérapeutes-ingénieurs a permis le développement et l'évaluation d'une nouvelle méthode de mesure.

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We measured human contrast sensitivity to radial frequencies modulated by cylindrical (Jo) and spherical (j o) Bessel profiles. We also measured responses to profiles of j o, j1, j2, j4, j8, and j16. Functions were measured three times by at least three of eight observers using a forced-choice method. The results conform to our expectations that sensitivity would be higher for cylindrical profiles. We also observed that contrast sensitivity is increased with the j n order for n greater than zero, having distinct orderly effects at the low and high frequency ends. For n = 0, 1, 2, and 4 sensitivity tended to occur around 0.8-1.0 cpd while for n = 8 and 16 it seemed to shift gradually to 0.8-3.0 cpd. We interpret these results as being consistent with the possibility that spatial frequency processing by the human visual system can be defined a priori in terms of polar coordinates and discuss its application to study face perception.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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von Botho Laserstein

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gemeinfasslich dargestellt von Dr. Ferdinand Weber ; hrsg. von Franz Delitzsch und Georg Schnedermann

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von S. Zemach

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von Nathan Grün