Transforming Iraq's economy : hearing before the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, June 11, 2003.

Shipping list no.: 2004-0090-P.

Military implications of NATO enlargement and post-conflict Iraq : hearing before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, April 10, 2003.

Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.

Ongoing military operations and reconstruction efforts in Iraq : hearing before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, September 25, 2003.

Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.

Highly emotional States:French-US Relations and the Iraq war

Understanding the true nature of the relations between France and the United States is central to an understanding of the diplomatic crisis that broke out between them in 2003 over the War in Iraq. An analysis of the political cultures of France and the US offers considerable explanatory power to this dramatic diplomatic dispute. The inordinately emotional aspects of the Franco-US arguments of 2003 mask the fact that the two countries understand each other little. In the French case, its self-view and related diplomatic comportment in the twentieth century was informed by its relationship to Germany; and from it a range of cultural characteristics emerged, among them: vulnerability, self-regard, a romanticized view of itself, and the personalization of national identity. At the moment France’s response to its cultural heritage was beginning to shift to a different (post-Gaullist) paradigm, the dispute with the US erupted.

News in the age of empire : two war scandals

This thesis argues that the motivations underpinning the mainstream news media have fundamentally changed in the 21 sl century. As such, the news is no longer best understood as a tool for propaganda or agenda setting; instead it seems that the news is only motivated by the flow of global network capitalism. The author contrasts the work of Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman with that of Gilles Deleuze. Chomsky and Herman's 'Propaganda Model' has been influential within the fields of media studies and popular culture. The 'propaganda model' states that the concentration of ownership of the media has allowed the media elite to exert a disproportionate amount of influence over the mass media. Deleuze, on the other hand, regards the mass media as being yet another cog within the global capitalist mechanism, and is therefore separate from ideology or propaganda. The author proposes that 'propaganda' is no longer a sufficient word to describe the function of the news as terms like 'propaganda' imply some form of national sovereignty or governmental influence. To highlight how the news has 'changed from an instrument of propaganda to an instrument of accumulation, the author compares and contrasts the· coverage of the Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal with that of the Haditha Civilian Massacre. Although similar in nature, the author proposes that the Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal received a disproportionate amount of coverage within the mainstream press because of its exciting and sensational nature.

Análisis de las relaciones políticas y militares entre Siria e Irán luego de la invasión de Estados Unidos a Iraq en 2003

Este trabajo busca hacer un análisis de cómo las Relaciones Políticas y Militares entre Siria e Irán han evolucionado luego del 2003 a partir de la Teoría de las Comunidades de Seguridad

Virtual reality Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) exposure therapy results with active duty Iraq war combatants

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is reported to be caused by traumatic events that are outside the range of usual human experience including (but not limited to) military combat, violent personal assault, being kidnapped or taken hostage and terrorist attacks. Initial data suggests that at least 1 out of 6 Iraq War veterans are exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD. Virtual Reality (VR) delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been used with reports of positive outcomes. The aim of the current paper is to present the rationale and brief description of a Virtual Iraq PTSD VR therapy application and present initial findings from its use with PTSD patients. Thus far, Virtual Iraq consists of a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant Middle Eastern VR contexts for exposure therapy, including a city and desert road convoy environment. User-centered design feedback needed to iteratively evolve the system was gathered from returning Iraq War veterans in the USA and from a system deployed in Iraq and tested by an Army Combat Stress Control Team. Results from an open clinical trial at San Diego Naval Medical Center of the first 18 treatment completers indicate that 14 no longer meet PTSD diagnostic criteria at post-treatment, with only one not maintaining treatment gains at 3 month follow-up. Clinical tests are also currently underway at Ft. Lewis, Emory University, Weill Cornell Medical College, Walter Reed Army Medical Center and 10 other sites. Other sites are preparing to use the application for a variety of PTSD and VR research purposes.

Um balanço entre o multilateralismo e o unilateralismo na política externa dos EUA no caso da guerra contra o Iraque em 2003

Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais (UNESP - UNICAMP - PUC-SP) - FFC

State-building in Iraq since 2003: the Challenges and Lessons. Jean Monnet Occasional Paper No. 12/2014

Introduction. In 2003, Iraq was invaded by the US coalition forces that ousted Saddam Hussein’s regime from power before occupying the whole country. The intension, declared by the then American George W. Bush, was to ‘build a decent and democratic society at the centre of the Middle East’ that ‘will become a place of progress and peace.’1 In 2014, three years after the withdrawal of the last American soldier, however, it is difficult to overestimate or exaggerate what is at stake. National unity and territorial integrity have never been so seriously threatened since the country is experiencing the internal fighting in its modern history. Many parts of Iraq, including the northern oil city of Kirkuk, long claimed as an integral part of the semi-autonomous region of Kurdistan, are out of the control of the central government. Large areas in the north including the strategic city of Mosul were seized by the fighters of the Islamic State, an Al-Qaeda offshoot, formerly known as ISIS, who threatened to invade the Kurdistan region before being attacked by airstrikes by the US. They proclaimed a caliphate on both sides of the border with Syria, where they also control vast territory.

Securitização e política de exceção: o excepcionalismo internacionalista norte-americano na segunda Guerra do Iraque

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

The constitutional power to make war: domestic legal issues raised by Australia's action in Iraq

The legal power to declare war has traditionally been a part of a prerogative to be exercised solely on advice that passed from the King to the Governor-General no later than 1942. In 2003, the Governor- General was not involved in the decision by the Prime Minister and Cabinet to commit Australian troops to the invasion of Iraq. The authors explore the alternative legal means by which Australia can go to war - means the government in fact used in 2003 - and the constitutional basis of those means. While the prerogative power can be regulated and/or devolved by legislation, and just possibly by practice, there does not seem to be a sound legal basis to assert that the power has been devolved to any other person. It appears that in 2003 the Defence Minister used his legal powers under the Defence Act 1903 (Cth) (as amended in 1975) to give instructions to the service head(s). A powerful argument could be made that the relevant sections of the Defence Act were not intended to be used for the decision to go to war, and that such instructions are for peacetime or in bello decisions. If so, the power to make war remains within the prerogative to be exercised on advice. Interviews with the then Governor-General indicate that Prime Minister Howard had planned to take the matter to the Federal Executive Council 'for noting', but did not do so after the Governor-General sought the views of the then Attorney-General about relevant issues of international law. The exchange raises many issues, but those of interest concern the kinds of questions the Governor-General could and should ask about proposed international action and whether they in any way mirror the assurances that are uncontroversially required for domestic action. In 2003, the Governor-General's scrutiny was the only independent scrutiny available because the legality of the decision to go to war was not a matter that could be determined in the High Court, and the federal government had taken action in March 2002 that effectively prevented the matter coming before the International Court of Justice

Comment les armées innovent en temps de guerre : les États-Unis en Irak, 2003-2007

Ce mémoire porte sur la question de l’innovation militaire en temps de guerre et plus particulièrement sur la transition de la guerre conventionnelle vers la contre-insurrection des forces armées américaines au cours de la guerre d’Irak. Cette transition est un cas d’innovation militaire intéressant puisqu’il s’agit d’un changement radical dans les pratiques militaires de l’Armée américaine et du Corps des marines particulièrement parce qu’ils ont régulièrement tenté d’éviter les missions de contre-insurrection au cours de leur histoire. Cette recherche tentera d’expliquer comment les forces américaines ont innové au cours de la guerre d’Irak Nous considérons que le passage de la guerre conventionnelle à la contre-insurrection des forces américaines est le résultat d’un processus d’innovation militaire en temps de guerre qui se produit simultanément à partir de la base et du sommet de l’organisation militaire américaine. Tout d’abord, à la base, nous estimons que les unités américaines de l’Armée et des marines ont développé de nouvelles capacités de contre-insurrection à la suite d’un processus d’exploration de nouvelles tactiques et de nouvelles techniques sur le champ de bataille. Ensuite, à partir du sommet, nous croyons que la contre-insurrection est le résultat d’un changement stratégique au niveau des opérations des forces américaines. Ce mémoire est divisé en quatre chapitres. Le premier est consacré aux modèles théoriques d’innovation militaire. Le deuxième présente un aperçu de la guerre d’Irak de 2003 à 2007. Les chapitres 3 et 4 analysent respectivement la contre-insurrection comme un processus d’innovation militaire par la base et par le sommet.

Análisis de la privatización de las guerras como respuesta de EEUU a las guerras asimétricas en el caso de Irak, 2003-2010

La guerra de Irak llevada a cabo en el 2003 por los EEUU, puso en evidencia un particular escenario de guerra de tipo asimétrica, en la cual se expuso mediáticamente el papel de las Firmas Militares Privadas de Seguridad, como actores clave en términos estratégicos para el desarrollo de estos conflictos. Es así como surge el interés por analizar en esta monografía las causas que argumentaron el uso de Firmas Militares Privadas durante la intervención militar en Irak del 2003, con el fin de brindar una óptica que articule diferentes posturas conceptuales, para entender la decisión estratégica de los EEUU en el contexto de una guerra que tomó más tiempo de lo estimado y que resaltó el papel de estas compañías.

Análisis del rol de las empresas militares y de seguridad privada. Estudio de caso: Guerra en Irak 2003-2010

Las Empresas Militares y de Seguridad Privada (EMSP) se han caracterizado por prestar diferentes tipos de servicios en distintos escenarios internacionales y nacionales. Asimismo, por ofrecer una amplia gama de actividades que han sido útiles para quienes solicitan de ellas. En el caso especifico de la Guerra en Irak fue relevante debido a que el gobierno decidió contratar varias compañías que además de contar con cientos de empleados, llevaron a cabo funciones que antes habían sido efectuadas únicamente por las fuerzas militares o por empleados oficiales del gobierno estadounidense. De esta forma, por medio del presente estudio de caso se buscan analizar las tareas que fueron asignadas, dar a conocer datos referentes al número de contratistas en Irak, el valor de algunos contratos, las funciones que fueron cedidas a estas compañías, como también ver de qué modo afectó positiva o negativamente al gobierno de los Estados Unidos. No obstante, el estudio del caso de Irak dio la posibilidad de indagar acerca del cómo los Estados podrían utilizar de mejor forma los servicios de las EMSP sin perder el control o crear dependencia de estas.