Using household survey data to inform policy decisions regarding the delivery of evidence-based parenting interventions.

Background: This study used household survey data on the prevalence of child, parent and family variables to establish potential targets for a population-level intervention to strengthen parenting skills in the community. The goals of the intervention include decreasing child conduct problems, increasing parental self-efficacy, use of positive parenting strategies, decreasing coercive parenting and increasing help-seeking, social support and participation in positive parenting programmes. Methods: A total of 4010 parents with a child under the age of 12 years completed a statewide telephone survey on parenting. Results: One in three parents reported that their child had a behavioural or emotional problem in the previous 6 months. Furthermore, 9% of children aged 2–12 years meet criteria for oppositional defiant disorder. Parents who reported their child's behaviour to be difficult were more likely to perceive parenting as a negative experience (i.e. demanding, stressful and depressing). Parents with greatest difficulties were mothers without partners and who had low levels of confidence in their parenting roles. About 20% of parents reported being stressed and 5% reported being depressed in the 2 weeks prior to the survey. Parents with personal adjustment problems had lower levels of parenting confidence and their child was more difficult to manage. Only one in four parents had participated in a parent education programme. Conclusions: Implications for the setting of population-level goals and targets for strengthening parenting skills are discussed.

The effects of adolescent cannabis use: How should the empirical evidence inform drug policy for young people? : Meeting abstract

Ethics as a subject is now consistently taught in medical schools within Australia. The theoretical Ethical models used, and the associated clinical discussions, vary between schools. Registrars have further theoretical Ethics teaching within Psychiatry Fellowship Training, and ongoing clinical work that is likely to provide exposure to complex and frequent Ethical dilemmas. As Psychiatry Trainees approach subspecialty training in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry they therefore have a rich experience of both theoretical Ethics teaching and clinical exposure to Ethical issues. In this symposium, the difficulties Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Trainees may have in the integration of multiple theoretical Ethical models are discussed. It is suggested that these difficulties make Ethics Teaching for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Trainees particularly challenging. This is important given the complex Ethical issues often present when working with Children and their Families. The three main Ethical models of Deontology, Virtue Ethics and Consequentialism are described and their usefulness for the Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist examined. Limitations of these models, and “Four Principles” approaches (such as that of Beauchamp and Childress), for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, are also considered. Clinical cases are included for discussion. Finally, the ways in which these models may be used to enhance Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Training, and subsequent clinical practice as a Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, are discussed. The integration of different theoretical Ethical models is considered, with implications identified for clinical practice.

Centro de Inform??tica, Cidadania e Produ????o Cultural para Minorias: CIPRO

O Centro de Inform??tica, Cidadania e Produ????o Cultural Para Minorias (CIPRO) ?? um projeto articulado pela Delegacia Regional do Trabalho do Rio de Janeiro (DRT/RJ) e administrado conjuntamente com diversas Organiza????es N??o Governamentais, entre elas o Comit?? Pela Democratiza????o da Inform??tica (CDI), o Grupo Cultural Afro Reggae (comunidade de Vig??rio Geral), o Grupo Pela Vidda (portadores do HIV) dentre outras. O CIPRO oferece n??o s?? cursos de qualifica????o profissional, mas tamb??m uma infra-estrutura que permita aos alunos praticarem aquilo que aprenderam. Nossa clientela ?? de pessoas que procuram a DRT/RJ para receberem seu seguro desemprego. Tamb??m s??o atendidas pessoas discriminadas ou sem seguro desemprego. O projeto foi oficialmente lan??ado em 28/05/99. Apesar de n??o possuir quaisquer recursos financeiros, treinou em seu primeiro ano de atividade mais de 180 alunos em inform??tica, produ????o cultural e gest??o social. O CIPRO ?? um projeto social constru??do a partir do n??o paternalismo: instrutores s??o ex-alunos e coordenadores s??o ex-administradores, todos entendendo que sua inser????o no mercado de trabalho somente se dar?? a partir do seu esfor??o pessoal e de sua compet??ncia profissional

A inform??tica de ???p??s no ch??o???: um suporte ?? reforma agr??ria

Fazia algum tempo que o Incra via, na informatiza????o, um instrumento eficiente e eficaz para a obten????o do seu prop??sito final. Al??m disso, a Divis??o de Recursos Humanos da Superintend??ncia Regional do Incra no Acre enxergava, na informatiza????o, a oportunidade de melhorar o atendimento ao p??blico interno e externo da institui????o. Entretanto, entre os diversos obst??culos ?? generaliza????o do uso dos recursos de microinform??tica na institui????o, destacavam-se o alto custo e o tempo dispendido para o treinamento dos servidores.Para solucionar o problema, a Superintend??ncia Regional do Incra no Acre montou, em suas pr??prias instala????es, um Centro de Treinamento de Inform??tica. A iniciativa resultou no treinamento de 115 servidores no per??odo de um ano, com uma economia de custos financeiros de mais de 400%, elevado aproveitamento entre servidores que nunca tinham tido contato com computadores, surgimento de pelo menos treze novos treinadores entre os servidores, elabora????o de novas t??cnicas, que s??o incorporadas ao cotidiano de atividades do Incra, contribuindo para um padr??o de trabalho cada vez mais preciso e amplia????o do acesso ao treinamento em microinform??tica aos servidores de outros ??rg??os p??blicos na regi??o

Inform??tica para usu??rios de processamento de dados

Curso de Implanta????o e otimiza????o de Sistemas de Informa????es

Evidence Base to Inform the Operational Arrangements for the Proposed Prescribing and Supply of Specialist Medicines

Executive Summary

Providing meaningful care: using the experiences of young suicidal men to inform mental health care services

A short report using the experiences of young suicidal men to inform mental health care services.�

Patterns of tuberculosis in the Americas: how can modern biomedicine inform the ancient past?

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that continues to take its toll on human lives. Paleopathological research indicates that it has been a significant cause of death among humans for at least five thousand years. Because of the devastating consequences to human health, social systems, and endangered primate species, TB has been the subject of many and varied research efforts throughout the world, efforts that are amassing an enormous amount of data concerning the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite sequencing of the M. tuberculosis genome and numerous molecular epidemiological studies, many questions remain regarding the origin, evolution, and future co-evolutionary trajectory of M. tuberculosis and humans. Indeed, the origin of pre-Columbian New World TB has been and remains hotly debated, and resolution of this controversy will likely only come with integration of data and theory from multiple disciplines. In this paper, we discuss the pre-Columbian TB controversy, and then use research from biological and biomedical sciences to help inform paleopathological and archaeological studies of this ubiquitous disease that plagued our ancient forbears.

Positive deviance study to inform a Chagas disease control program in southern Ecuador

Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which is mainly transmitted by the faeces of triatomine insects that find favourable environments in poorly constructed houses. Previous studies have documented persistent triatomine infestation in houses in the province of Loja in southern Ecuador despite repeated insecticide and educational interventions. We aim to develop a sustainable strategy for the interruption of Chagas disease transmission by promoting living environments that are designed to prevent colonisation of rural houses by triatomines. This study used positive deviance to inform the design of an anti-triatomine prototype house by identifying knowledge, attitudes and practices used by families that have remained triatomine-free (2010-2012). Positive deviants reported practices that included maintenance of structural elements of the house, fumigation of dwellings and animal shelters, sweeping with "insect repellent" plants and relocation of domestic animals away from the house, among others. Participants favoured construction materials that do not drastically differ from those currently used (adobe walls and tile roofs). They also expressed their belief in a clear connection between a clean house and health. The family's economic dynamics affect space use and must be considered in the prototype's design. Overall, the results indicate a positive climate for the introduction of housing improvements as a protective measure against Chagas disease in this region.

Radiation risks : a way to inform patient : 3.10

Purpose: Diagnostic radiology involving ionizing radiation often leads to crucial information but also involves risk. Estimated cancer risks associated with CT range between 1 in 1000 to 1 in 10 000, depending on age and exposure settings. The aim of this contribution is to provide radiologists a way to inform a patient about these risks on a collective and individual base. Materials and methods: After a brief review of the effects of ionizing radiations, conversion from dose indicators into effective dose will be presented for radiography, fluoroscopy and CT. The Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) concept will be then introduced to enable the reader to compare the level of exposure of various examinations. Finally, the limit of effective dose will be explained and risk projections after various radiological procedures for adults and children will be presented. Results: From an individual standpoint the benefit of a well justified and optimized CT examination clearly outweigh its risk of inducing a fatal cancer. The uncertainties associated with the effective dose concept should be kept in mind in order to avoid cancer risk projections after an examination on an individual basis. Conclusion: Risk factors or effective dose are not the simplest tools to communicate when dealing with radiological risks. Thus, a set of categories should be preferred as proposed in the ICRP (International Commission on Radiation Protection) report 99.