Funcionamento Familiar e Comportamento Anti-social e Delinquente

Este estudo visa aprofundar o conhecimento sist��mico, relativamente �� problem��tica do comportamento anti-social numa perspectiva do seu funcionamento familiar. Procur��mos compreender a exist��ncia ou n��o de comportamentos anti-sociais e delinquentes nos subsistemas filiais de fam��lias disfuncionais, de uma comunidade socialmente conotada como estando associada �� criminalidade. Em termos metodol��gicos utiliz��mos o question��rio sociodemogr��fico (Correia, 2009), a FACES II ��� escala de avalia����o da adaptabilidade e da coes��o familiar (Olson et al., 1981) e a escala do comportamento anti-social e delinquente (Formiga & Gouveia, 2005). Os instrumentos de an��lise foram aplicados a 30 fam��lias, que revelaram maioritariamente ter um n��vel de coes��o separada, uma adaptabilidade flex��vel, correspondendo a um tipo de fam��lia meio-termo. No entanto, uma an��lise individual dos resultados revela que um maior n��mero de elementos percepciona a fam��lia ao n��vel da coes��o como desmembrada, ao n��vel da adaptabilidade como flex��vel, e ao n��vel do tipo de fam��lia como extrema, indicando-nos que diferentes elementos percepcionam de forma diferente o funcionamento do seu sistema familiar. Relativamente aos comportamentos anti-sociais e delinquentes, um n��mero consider��vel de elementos afirma praticar comportamentos anti-sociais, sendo o n��mero de pr��ticas delinquentes inferior. Apesar de n��o existir um n��mero elevado de fam��lias extremas, conclu��mos que os elementos que pertencem a fam��lias tendencialmente disfuncionais, praticam maioritariamente comportamentos anti-sociais e delinquentes, sendo que os primeiros prevalecem relativamente aos segundos. /

Funcionamento das fam��lias: perce����o de funcionamento familiar nas diferentes configura����es familiares

Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a perce����o do funcionamento familiar em diferentes tipologias familiares ��� fam��lias nucleares intactas, monoparentais e reconstitu��das. Participantes: Participaram neste estudo 1089 pessoas, adultos e adolescentes num total de 387 fam��lias. Instrumentos: Escala de Avalia����o da Adaptabilidade e Coes��o Familiar (FACES IV) e a Escala Familiar de Autorresposta ��� Vers��o II (SFI). Resultados: As fam��lias nucleares intactas percecionam-se como sendo mais coesas, flex��veis, saud��veis/competentes, com uma melhor comunica����o e menos desmembradas em compara����o com as fam��lias monoparentais. Os pais percecionam a fam��lia como sendo mais coesa, emaranhada, flex��vel, com uma melhor comunica����o e menos desmembrada do que os filhos. Os participantes com um rendimento superior a 600 euros percecionam as suas fam��lias como sendo mais flex��veis e referem-se mais participantes do que os sujeitos com um rendimento inferior a 600 euros. Existem diferen��as nas fam��lias nucleares intactas e monoparentais, que se encontram nas diferentes etapas do ciclo vital, nas dimens��es coes��o, flexibilidade, emaranhamento, rigidez, subescala ca��tica e comunica����o. / Purpose: This study aims to analyze the perception of family functioning in different family typologies - intact nuclear families and single parents families as well as reconstituted families. Participants: The study included 1089 people, adults and adolescents in a total of 387 families. Instruments: Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES IV) and the Self-Report Family Inventory - Version II (SFI). Results: The intact nuclear families perceive themselves as being more cohesive, flexible, healthy/competent, with better communication and less disengaged when compared to single parent���s families. Parents perceive the family as being more cohesive, enmeshed, flexible, with better communication and less disengaged than their children. Participants with an income higher than 600 euros per month perceive their families as being more flexible and refer being more satisfied than participants with less than 600 euros of income per month. There are differences in intact nuclear and single parent families at different stages of the life cycle in the cohesion, flexibility, enmeshed, rigid, chaotic and communication subscales.

A rela����o entre comportamentos auto lesivos e os comportamentos suicid��rios e o impacto do funcionamento familiar

Disserta����o de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA- Instituto Universit��rio para obten����o de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Cl��nica

M��es adolescentes: estrutura e funcionamento familiar

P��s-gradua����o em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

Test of a model of the effects of parental illness on youth and family functioning

Objective: Parental illness (PI) may have adverse impacts on youth and family functioning. Research in this area has suffered from the absence of a guiding comprehensive framework. This study tested a conceptual model of the effects of PI on youth and family functioning derived from the Family Ecology Framework (FEF; Pedersen & Revenson, 2005). Method. A total of 85 parents with multiple sclerosis and 127 youth completed questionnaires at Time 1 and 12 months later at Time 2. Results. Structural equation modeling results supported the FEF with regards to physical-illness disability. Specifically, the proposed mediators (role redistribution, stress, and stigma) were implicated in the processes that link parental disability to several domains of youth adjustment. The results suggest that the effects of parental depression (PD) are not mediated through these processes; rather, PD directly affects family functioning, which in turn mediates the effects onto youth adjustment. Family functioning further mediated between PD and youth well-being and behavioral-social difficulties. Conclusions. Although results support the effects of parental-illness disability on youth and family functioning via the proposed mediational mechanisms, the additive effects of PD on youth physical and mental health occur through direct and indirect (via family functioning) pathways, respectively.

Parent and adolescent perceptions of family functioning : a comparison of clinic and non-clinic families

In this paper two studies are reported which compare (a) the perceptions of family functioning held by clinic and non-clinic adolescents, and (b) the perceptions of family functioning held by adolescents and their mothers in clinic and non-clinic families. In Study 1, matched group of clinic and non-clinic adolescents were compared on their responses to a 30-item scale (ICPS) designed to measure three factors of family functioning: Intimacy (high vs. low), Parenting Style (democratic vs. controlled) and Conflict (high vs. low). Clinic and non-clinic adolescents were also compared on their responses to a multi-dimensional measure of adolescent self-concept. Although there was little difference between the two groups of adolescents in terms of their perceptions of family functioning, there were strong relationships between the self-concept variables and the family functioning variables. In Study 2, comparisons were made between the perceptions of family functioning held by mothers and adolescents for both clinical and non-clinic families. There were no differences between the two groups of adolescents in terms of their perceptions of family functioning, although there were clear differences between the two groups of mothers. In addition, clinic adolescents and their mothers did not differ in their perceptions of the family, whereas adolescents in the non-clinic group saw their families significantly as less intimate and more conflicted than did their mothers.

Comparisons between youth of a parent with MS and a control group on adjustment, caregiving, attachment and family functioning

Few studies have examined the effects of parental MS on children, and those that have suffered from numerous methodological weaknesses, some of which are addressed in this study. This study investigated the effects of parental MS on children by comparing youth of a parent with MS to youth who have no family member with a serious health condition on adjustment outcomes, caregiving, attachment and family functioning. A questionnaire survey methodology was used. Measures included youth somatisation, health, pro-social behaviour, behavioural-social difficulties, caregiving, attachment and family functioning. A total of 126 youth of a parent with MS were recruited from MS Societies in Australia and, were matched one-to-one with youth who had no family member with a health condition drawn from a large community sample. Comparisons showed that youth of a parent with MS did not differ on any of the outcomes except for peer relationship problems: adolescent youth of a parent with MS reported lower peer relationship problems than control adolescents. Overall, results did not support prior research findings suggesting adverse impacts of parental MS on youth.

Family functioning during the diagnosis process in families with children on the autism spectrum,

While the causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) still are not fully understood, increasingly research focuses on interventions and treatment of children diagnosed with ASD. Considerably less attention is paid to family systems, family functioning, and family needs. This paper takes a family system perspective exploring how families with children on the autism spectrum function during the particularly stressful period of the diagnosis process and thereafter. Recommendations made in this paper include the need for empirical studies that address in detail family systems, family needs, the assessment and diagnostic process, service provision, social support networks, and additional stressful life events. Furthermore, the development of a family functioning assessment tools is called for in order to promote child-family-centred assessment and intervention. Details of an ongoing comparative study are outlined that will make a contribution to family studies and autism research field with a specific focus on the diagnosis

Neonatal intensive care and late preterm infants:Health and family functioning at three years

Background: Late preterm infants (LPIs), born at 34 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks of gestation contribute a significant proportion of all neonatal intensive care (NIC) admissions and are regarded as being at risk of adverse outcomes compared to term-born infants.<br/><br/>Aim: To explore the health outcomes and family functioning of LPIs who required neonatal intensive care, at three years of age.<br/><br/>Study design and subjects: This cohort study included 225 children born late preterm, between 1 January and 31 December 2006 in Northern Ireland. Children admitted for NIC (study group, n = 103) were compared with children who did not require NIC or who required special care only for up to three days (comparison group, n = 122).<br/><br/>Outcome measures<br/>Health outcomes were measured using the Health Status Questionnaire, health service usage by parent report and family functioning using the PedsQL��� Family Impact Module.<br/><br/>Results: LPIs who required NIC revealed similar health outcomes at three years in comparison to those who did not. Despite this, more parents of LPIs who required NIC reported visiting their GP and medical specialists during their child's third year of life. Differences in family functioning were also observed with mothers of LPIs who required NIC reporting, significantly lower levels of social and physical functioning, increased difficulties with communication and increased levels of worry.<br/><br/>Conclusions: LPIs were observed to have similar health outcomes at three years of age regardless of NIC requirement. The increase in GP and medical specialist visits and family functioning difficulties observed among those infants who required NIC merits further investigation.<br/><br/>Abbreviations: LPI, late preterm infant; NIC, neonatal intensive care; HSQ, Health Status Questionnaire; GP, general practitioner

Funcionamento familiar, suporte social e acontecimentos de vida stressantes em m��es de crian��as utentes da consulta de psicologia cl��nica

Numerosos estudos sugerem que na ocorr��ncia de acontecimentos de vida negativos e/ou stressantes, o suporte social desempenha um papel preponderante na sua resolu����o adequada (Lewis, Byrd, & Ollendick, 2012). A ocorr��ncia de acontecimentos de vida stressantes tende a influenciar a din��mica individual e familiar do indiv��duo (Rydell, 2010; Harland, Reijneveld, Brugman, Verloove-Vanhorick, & Verhulst, 2002; Taggart, Taylor, & Mccrum-gardner, 2010). Por��m, dos elementos que comp��em a rede de suporte social das mulheres, o suporte disponibilizado pela fam��lia �� considerado como o principal de entre os apoios recebidos (Ell, 1996). Os objetivos principais da presente investiga����o s��o: analisar os tipos de apoio social, e investigar as rela����es entre a presen��a de acontecimentos de vida stressantes, a perce����o de apoio social e a coes��o e adaptabilidade familiares numa amostra de 33 m��es de crian��as utentes dos servi��os de psicologia cl��nica. Especificamente, procuramos estudar a rela����o entre as caracter��sticas da rede de suporte social e os acontecimentos de vida stressantes recentes nas participantes; investigar as caracter��sticas do funcionamento familiar e a sua rela����o com os acontecimentos vitais stressantes, e estudar eventuais rela����es entre as caracter��sticas da rede de suporte social e a sua rela����o com a perce����o das m��es relativamente �� adaptabilidade e coes��o familiares. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a exist��ncia de uma rela����o entre o funcionamento familiar (determinado pela coes��o e adaptabilidade) e a rede de suporte social das participantes. Por��m, n��o foram encontradas rela����es estatisticamente significativas entre o funcionamento familiar e a ocorr��ncia de acontecimentos de vida negativos e ainda entre a rede de suporte social e a presen��a de acontecimentos de vida negativos. Por outro lado, o suporte tang��vel/ material associa-se significativamente a este tipo de acontecimentos. Os resultados encontrados permitem-nos sugerir que o funcionamento familiar desempenha um papel relevante no aumento da rede de suporte social do indiv��duo.

Stresse parental, psicopatologia e funcionamento familiar: associa����es com a psicopatologia dos filhos

A presente investiga����o teve como objetivos caraterizar os n��veis de stresse parental, as carater��sticas do funcionamento familiar e eventuais problemas psicopatol��gicos, numa amostra de pais de adolescentes que frequentam a consulta de psicologia cl��nica, e perceber se existiam ou n��o associa����es significativas entre estas vari��veis e os problemas de express��o exteriorizada e interiorizada manifestada pelos adolescentes. Participaram no estudo 21 adolescentes e os seus respetivos pai/m��e. Como instrumentos de recolha de dados foram utilizados o Invent��rio de Sintomas Psicopatol��gicos (BSI), Invent��rio de Problemas de Comportamento (YSR), Escala de Avalia����o da Adaptabilidade e Coes��o Familiares III (FACES III), ��ndice de Stresse Parental (PSI) e Question��rio de Dados Sociodemogr��ficos. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que mais de metade dos pais apresenta n��veis elevados de stresse parental, n��veis cl��nicos de sintomatologia psicopatol��gica, e situam-se, no que diz respeito ao funcionamento familiar, no tipo familiar m��dio. Os dados indicam ainda que a maior parte dos adolescentes no estudo tendem a manifestar n��veis significativos de sintomatologia psicopatol��gica. Relativamente ��s associa����es, obtivemos rela����es significativas entre a sintomatologia psicopatol��gica parental, os n��veis de stresse parental e o funcionamento familiar (coes��o e adaptabilidades familiares). Da mesma forma observ��mos associa����es significativas entre o stresse parental e os problemas de express��o interiorizada e total de problemas nos adolescentes; e entre a adaptabilidade familiar e os problemas de express��o interiorizada. Ao contr��rio do que se esperava, n��o encontramos rela����es significativas entre a psicopatologia parental e os problemas de express��o exteriorizada e interiorizada e total de problemas; entre o stresse parental e o funcionamento familiar; e entre o funcionamento familiar e os problemas de express��o exteriorizada. No presente estudo s��o discutidos os resultados obtidos, consideradas algumas limita����es e efetuadas propostas de investiga����es futuras.

The predictive role of parenting practices and family functioning on the core symptoms of ADHD

Cette ��tude vise �� examiner la relation entre les pratiques parentales utilis��es durant la p��riode de l'enfance et les dimensions principales du du trouble d��ficitaire de l'attention avec hyperactivit�� (TDAH) �� l'adolescence, soit l���inattention, l���hyperactivit�� et l���impulsivit��. Les pratiques sp��cifiques parentales (engagement, pratiques parentales appropri��e, supervision, punitions corporelles, discipline appropri��e, discipline s��v��re et incoh��rente, discipline verbale positive, f��licitations et r��compenses, et les attentes claires) et les aspects du fonctionnement familial (communication, r��solution de probl��mes, r��les dans la famille, sensibilit�� affective, engagement affectif, contr��le comportemental) ont ��t�� examin��s par rapport �� l'inattention et d'hyperactivit��. Trente-six enfants de 6 �� 9 ans et leurs parents ont particip�� �� une ��tude longitudinale de 5 ans. Il y a un manque d'��tudes longitudinales dans ce domaine et cette ��tude vise �� combler cette lacune. Les r��sultats ne montrent pas de r��sultats significatifs dans la relation entre les pratiques parentales utilis��es dans l'enfance et les sympt��mes principaux de l'hyperactivit�� et l'inattention �� l'adolescence. Les ��tudes futures devraient se concentrer sur la relation entre la psychopathologie parentale et les principaux sympt��mes du TDAH de l'enfance �� l'adolescence, ainsi que l'impact des pratiques parentales sur ces principaux sympt��mes.

Pr��ticas parentais, funcionamento familiar e comportamento dos adolescentes

O presente estudo tem como objectivo analisar a rela����o entre o funcionamento familiar, as pr��ticas parentais e o comportamento dos adolescentes. Para a concretiza����o do objectivo deste trabalho, foi elaborado um protocolo de investiga����o (question��rio de dados sociodemogr��ficos, um inqu��rito de avalia����o do comportamento: YSR; um que avalia o funcionamento familiar : FACES III e outro que avalia as pr��ticas parentais : QLP-A) , aplicado em duas escolas p��blicas co Concelho de Lisboa, inseridas em ��reas s��cio-econ��mico-culturais diferenciadas. Atrav��s dos resultados encontrados [a ansiedade_depress��o (T=.502; P=.041), no isolamento (T=.915; P=.000), nos problemas sociais (T=2.822; P=.004) apresentam valores mais elevados na Escola de Interven����o Priorit��ria, escola com projecto TEIP. Na escola de n��veis socioecon��micos mais elevados, as dimens��es que apresentaram valores superiores foram em dimens��es que remetem para as atitudes dos pais perante os filhos : na protec����o pai (T=.440; P=.004) e na protec����o m��e (T=.005; P=.000)]. �� poss��vel confirmar a exist��ncia dessa influ��nica. Para al��m dessa influ��ncia, constat��mos ainda que o meio envolvente em que as fam��lias se inserem influencia tamb��m as atitudes parentais perante os seus filhos. Ou seja, quando os n��veis socioecon��micos s��o mais favor��veis, as suas atitudes de educa����o e socializa����o perante os filhos tamb��m ser��o mais adequadas.

Mental health, coping and family-functioning in parents of young people with obsessive-compulsive disorder and with anxiety disorders

Objective. To compare mental health, coping and family-functioning in parents of young people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety disorders, and no known mental health problems. Method. Parents of young people with OCD (N=28), other anxiety disorders (N=28), and no known mental health problems (N=62) completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (Derogatis, 1993), the Coping Responses Inventory (Moos, 1990), and the McMaster family assessment device (Epstein, Baldwin, & Bishop, 1983). Results. Parents of children with OCD and anxiety disorders had poorer mental health and used more avoidant coping than parents of non-clinical children. There were no group differences in family-functioning. Conclusion. The similarities across the parents of clinically referred children suggest that there is a case for encouraging active parental involvement in the treatment of OCD in young people.