Annotated catalog of type specimens in the Illinois Natural History Survey Fish Collection /

"SR737123"--P. 2 of cover.

Conservation of Atlantic salmon by supplementary stocking of juvenile fish

Wild salmon stocks in the northern Baltic rivers became endangered in the second half of the 20th century, mainly due to recruitment overfishing. As a result, supplementary stocking was widely practised, and supplementation of the Tornionjoki salmon stock took place over a 25 year period until 2002. The stock has been closely monitored by electrofishing, smolt trapping, mark-recapture studies, catch samples and catch surveys. Background information on hatchery-reared stocked juveniles was also collected for this study. Bayesian statistics was applied to the data as this method offers the possibility of bringing prior information into the analysis and an advanced ability for incorporating uncertainty, and also provides probabilities for a multitude of hypotheses. Substantial divergences between reared and wild Tornionjoki salmon were identified in both demographic and phenological characteristics. The divergences tended to be larger the longer the duration spent in hatchery and the more favourable the hatchery conditions were for fast growth. Differences in environment likely induced most of the divergences, but selection of brood fish might have resulted in genotypic divergence in maturation age of reared salmon. Survival of stocked 1-year old juveniles to smolt varied from about 10% to about 25%. Stocking on the lower reach of the river seemed to decrease survival, and the negative effect of stocking volume on survival raises the concern of possible similar effects on the extant wild population. Post-smolt survival of wild Tornionjoki smolts was on average two times higher than that of smolts stocked as parr and 2.5 times higher than that of stocked smolts. Smolts of different groups showed synchronous variation and similar long-term survival trends. Both groups of reared salmon were more vulnerable to offshore driftnet and coastal trapnet fishing than wild salmon. Average survival from smolt to spawners of wild salmon was 2.8 times higher than that of salmon stocked as parr and 3.3 times higher than that of salmon stocked as smolts. Wild salmon and salmon stocked as parr were found to have similar lifetime survival rates, while stocked smolts have a lifetime survival rate over 4 times higher than the two other groups. If eggs are collected from the wild brood fish, stocking parr would therefore not be a sensible option. Stocking smolts instead would create a net benefit in terms of the number of spawners, but this strategy has serious drawbacks and risks associated with the larger phenotypic and demographic divergences from wild salmon. Supplementation was shown not to be the key factor behind the recovery of the Tornionjoki and other northern Baltic salmon stocks. Instead, a combination of restrictions in the sea fishery and simultaneous occurrence of favourable natural conditions for survival were the main reasons for the revival in the 1990 s. This study questions the effectiveness of supplementation as a conservation management tool. The benefits of supplementation seem at best limited. Relatively high occurrences of reared fish in catches may generate false optimism concerning the effects of supplementation. Supplementation may lead to genetic risks due to problems in brood fish collection and artificial rearing with relaxed natural selection and domestication. Appropriate management of fisheries is the main alternative to supplementation, without which all other efforts for long-term maintenance of a healthy fish resource fail.

Introduction of collection and distribution programme for the small-scale fisheries in Ondo State

Details are given of a programme for fresh fish collection and distribution in Ondo State, Nigeria. Collection centers, organization and managerial structure, collection scheme, trade system, price determination, management and distribution are described

Arbeitsgebiete Ichthyologie und Fischsammlung am Institut für Seefischerei werden Ende 1992 aufgegeben

On 31 Oecember 1992, the Institut für Seefischerei Hamburg (ISH) will dissolve its branch of systematic ichthyology at the Zoologieal Museum Hamburg University. Remaining ISH ichthyology staff and facilities will move back in January 1993 to Institut für Seefischerei headquarters in Palmaille 9, D-·2000 Hamburg 50 (Tel. 040·389050, Fax 040·38905 129). The research field systematic ichthyology will not be continued at ISH. The ISH fish collection will be handed over to the Zoological Museum of Hamburg University (ZMH) as future responsible holder from 1 January 1993 onward. Loan requests for former ISH material should be addressed from January 1993 on only to: Prof. Dr. H. Wilkens, Kustos Ichthyologie, Zoological Museum der Universität, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D·2000 Hamburg 13 (Tel. 040·4123 3870, Fax 040·4123 3937). A couple of months will be needed before requests for loan of former ISH holdings can be handled again. It should, however, be noted that even for a longer period there may be problems in serving loan requests promptly due to logistic difficulties and shortage of staff at the ZMH ichthyology department.

Estrutura e composição da ictiofauna de riachos do rio Paranapanema, Sudeste e Sul do Brasil

Foram amostrados 17 trechos de riachos com 100 m de extensão, todos de ordem igual ou menor a três, ao longo de ambas as margens do canal principal do Rio Paranapanema, SP e PR. O ponto médio de cada trecho foi georreferenciado via satélite com receptor GPS e o uso de metodologia padronizada de coleta de dados ambientais e peixes (baseada principalmente na pesca elétrica), possibilitou a obtenção das seguintes informações em cada local: 1) composição taxonômica da ictiofauna e contribuição, em termos de número de indivíduos e biomassa, de cada espécie para a ictiofauna local como um todo; 2) documentação fotográfica de espécimes representativos de cada espécie coletada com sua coloração natural; 3) descrição de cada ambiente coletado, com ilustrações fotográficas coloridas, e seus principais parâmetros bióticos e abióticos. No total foram coletados 3.683 exemplares, pertencentes a seis ordens, 16 famílias, 37 gêneros e 52 espécies, com biomassa total de 16,8 kg. Das espécies coletadas, aproximadamente 36% pertencem a ordem Siluriformes, 36% a Characiformes, 11% a Gymnotiformes, 10% a Perciformes, 4% a Cyprinodontiformes e 2% a Synbranchiformes. As espécies mais abundantes em termos de número de indivíduos foram Astyanax altiparanae (15,2%) e Astyanax sp. 1 (12,3%); aquelas com maior biomassa foram A. altiparanae (28%) e Geophagus brasiliensis (13%). A composição da ictiocenose em termos de abundância e biomassa por família indica a predominância expressiva de Characidae, seguida por Loricariidae, Pimelodidae e Cichlidae. Dentre os trechos amostrados, o trecho 14 (24 espécies) e o 13 (cinco espécies), apresentaram a maior e a menor riqueza em espécies, respectivamente, coincidindo com os valores obtidos para o índice de diversidade específica de Shannon-Wienner (H´= 0,99 e 0,32, respectivamente). A riqueza média encontrada foi de 11 espécies por trecho de riacho. Na estimativa de riqueza por extrapolação para o conjunto total de riachos amostrados na bacia do rio Paranapanema, obtivemos um valor de 69 espécies (erro padrão igual a quatro) indicando ser necessário um esforço amostral adicional moderado para atingir a assíntota da curva. Das 52 espécies coletadas, oito (aproximadamente 15% do total) são seguramente novas, cinco (aproximadamente 10% do total) possuem status taxonômico ainda indefinido, enquanto outras três (aproximadamente 6% do total) são espécies introduzidas. Analisando a estrutura trófica e espacial da ictiocenose estudada, as 10 espécies numericamente dominantes nos riachos estudados dividem-se, em ordem decrescente de importância numérica, em quatro guildas: onívoros nectônicos; invertívoros bentônicos; perifitívoros; e onívoros bentônicos. Uma chave de identificação para todas as espécies de peixes coletadas durante este estudo é fornecida ao final deste trabalho.

Estrutura e composição da ictiofauna de riachos da bacia do Rio Grande no estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil

O ponto médio de cada trecho foi georreferenciado via satélite com receptor GPS e o uso de metodologia padronizada de coleta de dados ambientais e peixes (baseada principalmente na pesca elétrica), possibilitou a obtenção das seguintes informações em cada local: 1) composição taxonômica da ictiofauna e contribuição, em termos de número de indivíduos e biomassa, de cada espécie para a ictiofauna local como um todo; 2) documentação fotográfica de espécimes representativos de cada espécie coletada com sua coloração natural; 3) descrição de cada ambiente coletado, com ilustrações fotográficas coloridas, e seus principais parâmetros bióticos e abióticos. No total foram coletados 3.070 exemplares, pertencentes a seis ordens, 18 famílias, 44 gêneros e 64 espécies, com biomassa total de 14,3 kg. Das espécies coletadas, aproximadamente 50% pertencem a ordem Characiformes, 26,5% a Siluriformes, 11% a Perciformes, 6% a Gymnotiformes, 5% a Cyprinodontiformes e 1,5% a Synbranchiformes. As espécies mais abundantes em termos de número de indivíduos foram Astyanax altiparanae (17,4%) e Hypostomus ancistroides (9%); aquelas com maior biomassa foram A. altiparanae (35%) e Geophagus brasiliensis (9%). em termos de abundância e biomassa por família, a composição da fauna de peixes estudada indica a predominância expressiva de Characidae, seguida por Loricariidae e Cichlidae. Dentre os trechos amostrados, o trecho SG6 (26 espécies) e o PG4 (três espécies), apresentaram a maior e a menor riqueza em espécies, respectivamente, coincidindo com os valores obtidos para o índice de diversidade específica de Shannon-Wiener (H'= 1,08 e 0,26, respectivamente). A riqueza média encontrada foi de 12 espécies por trecho de riacho. Na estimativa de riqueza por extrapolação para o conjunto total de riachos amostrados na bacia do Rio Grande, obtivemos um valor de 93 espécies (erro padrão igual a três) indicando ser necessário um esforço amostral adicional moderado para atingir a assíntota da curva. Das 64 espécies coletadas, quatro (aproximadamente 6% do total) são seguramente novas, sete (aproximadamente 11% do total) possuem status taxonômico ainda indefinido, enquanto outras duas (aproximadamente 3% do total) são espécies certamente introduzidas. Analisando a estrutura trófica e espacial da ictiofauna estudada as 10 espécies numericamente dominantes nos riachos amostrados dividem-se, com base em dados de literatura, em ordem decrescente de importância numérica, em cinco guildas: onívoros nectônicos; invertívoros bentônicos; perifitívoros; algívoros e onívoros bentônicos. Uma chave de identificação para todas as espécies de peixes coletadas durante este estudo é fornecida ao final deste trabalho.

Synaptolaemus latofasciatus, a new combination for Leporinus latofasciatus Steindachner, 1910 and its junior synonym Synaptolaemus cingulatus Myers and Fernandez-Yepez, 1950 (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Leporinus latofasciatus was described by Steindachner (1910) on the basis of a single specimen collected in the rio Orinoco, Venezuela. Since then, no other specimen of the species was mentioned in the literature, and the species was only listed in catalogues, eventually mentioned and treated as a ""poorly known"" species, or even omitted in checklists of fishes from Venezuela. During a visit to the fish collection at the Naturhistorisches Museum at Vienna (NMW) to examine all the type specimens of Leporinus, we were able to study the holotype of Leporinus latofasciatus and recognize that the specimen corresponds to the species described by Myers and Fernandez-Yepez (in Myers, 1950) as Synaptolaemus cingulatus. Thus, the latter is a junior synonym of Leporinus latofasciatus and, based on that, Synaptolaemus latofasciatus (Steindachner, 1910) should be the name applied for this taxon, as a new combination. Herein new data on the holotype of Synaptolaemus latofasciatus are presented and compared with previously data from other authors. In addition, illustrations of live specimens are presented as well as new distribution records for the species.

Taxonomic revision of extant Doras Lacepede, 1803 (Siluriformes: Doradidae) with descriptions of three new species

Extant Doras are newly diagnosed among Doradidae by the unique combination of maxillary barbels long and fimbriate; mesethmoid with anterior lateral margins converging towards narrow tip; single anterior cranial fontanel contained largely within frontals and anteriorly by mesethmoid (posterior cranial fontanel occluded); anterior nuchal plate wide, pentaganol or roughly hexagonal, sharing distinct lateral suture with epioccipital and isolating supraoccipital from middle nuchal plate; nuchal foramina absent; coracoid process short, posterior tip falling well short of that of postcleithral process; dentary with acicular teeth; and skin immediately ventral to postcleithral process perforated with conspicuous pores. One fossil species, dagger D. dioneae, and two nominal extant species, D. carinatus and D. micropoeus, are recognized as valid and the latter two redescribed. Three additional extant species, D. phlyzakion, D. higuchii and D. zuanoni, are newly described from the middle Amazon and tributaries, lower Amazon tributaries and rio Araguaia (Tocantins drainage), respectively. Doras phlyzakion and D. zuanoni form a monophyletic group that is found in lowland, lentic habitats, and is characterized by multiple conspicuous pores in skin on breast and abdomen, a trait unique among doradids and rare if not unique among all catfishes. The remaining extant species, D. carinatus, D. higuchii and D. micropoeus, with uncertain relationships, are found in upland, lotic habitats. The occurrence of D. carinatus in the Orinoco basin suggests a historical link between right-bank tributaries of the lower Orinoco (e.g., Caroni) draining the western Guiana Shield and more eastern rivers (e.g., Cuyuni-Essequibo) that drain the Shield directly into the Atlantic Ocean. A key to extant species is provided, a neotype is designated for Silurtis carinatus Linnaeus 1766, and Mormyropsis Miranda Ribeiro, 1911, is placed in the synonymy of Doras Lacepede, 1803.

The cascudos of the genus Hypostomus Lacepede (Ostariophysi: Loricariidae) from the rio Iguacu basin

We reviewed several large collections of the genus Hypostomus from the rio Iguacu basin summing up to 793 specimens mainly from the Laboratorio de Ictiologia do Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva from Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, from fish collection of Nucleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura da Universidade Estadual de Maringa, and from the Museu de Historia Natural do Capao da Imbuia. Hypostomus albopunctatus, H. commersoni, H. derbyi, and H. myersi are redescribed and Hypostomus nigropunctatus is described as a new species. A practical key for identification of Hypostomus species from the rio Iguacu is also provided.

The cascudos of the genus Hypostomus Lacépède (Ostariophysi: Loricariidae) from the rio Iguaçu basin

We reviewed several large collections of the genus Hypostomus from the rio Iguaçu basin summing up to 793 specimens mainly from the Laboratório de Ictiologia do Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva from Universidade Federal de São Carlos, from fish collection of Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, and from the Museu de História Natural do Capão da Imbuia. Hypostomus albopunctatus, H. commersoni, H. derbyi, and H. myersi are redescribed and Hypostomus nigropunctatus is described as a new species. A practical key for identification of Hypostomus species from the rio Iguaçu is also provided.

Collection of fish lengths for stock assessment in developing countries

A review of the data (handling) requirements for length-based stock assessment is presented, with emphasis on the relationship between the expected outputs and the key features of the samples required, and on biases and other sources of inaccuracy.

Colossal loss of shell and fin-fish larvae during collection of Penaeus monodon (Fab.) fry in the rivers of Satkhira

This study was conducted in five river-estuaries of Satkhira from January to December '96. It was found that during the collection of each Peneaus monodon) post larva (PL), about 45 larvae of other shrimps, 12 individuals of fin-fishes and 530 macro-zooplankters were mercilessly destroyed. It was also recorded that about 11.6 million of P. monodon PLs were harvested annually from the study area. The sh1dy implies that colossal loss of shell and fin-fishes and other plankton resources is done by tiger shrimp fry collectors, and such massive destruction adversely affect the natural productivity and ecological balance of the coastal environment.

The wish fish : a collection of traditional tales.

Es una colección de cuentos tradicionales de China, África, Corea y España, escritos por narradores del pasado que, aunque proceden de muy distintos países y continentes, tienen deseos comunes de un mundo mágico y de un mundo soñado por las personas, independientemente, de donde vivan.

Continuation of a treatise on the law respecting game and fish : with a copious collection of precedents ... /

Includes bibliographical references and index.