Correlation of business cycles in the euro zone

In this short article we use a simple differences-in-clifferences technique to investigate whether bilateral correlation of business cycles increased more amongst members of the European Monetary Union (EMU) after the implementation of the Euro than amidst other OECD economies. We present evidence suggesting this to be the case. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Tooth Replantation After Use of Euro-Coffins Solution or Bovine Milk as Storage Medium: A Histomorphometric Analysis in Dogs

Purpose: Euro-Collins solution was developed for the preservation of organs for transplantation, whose characteristics have raised interest for its use as a storage medium for avulsed teeth before replantation. This study evaluated histologically and morphometrically the healing process of dog teeth replanted after storage in Euro-Collins solution or bovine milk. Materials and Methods: Eighty roots of 4 young adult mongrel clogs were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 20) and the root canals were instrumented and obturated with gutta-percha and a calcium hydroxide-based sealer. After 2 weeks, the teeth were extracted and subjected to the following protocols: GI (negative control), replantation immediately after extraction; GII (positive control), bench-drying for 2 hours before replantation; GIII and GIV, immersion in 10 mL of whole bovine milk and Euro-Collins solution at 4 C, respectively, for 8 hours before replantation. The animals were sacrificed 90 days postoperatively. The pieces containing the replanted teeth were subjected to routine processing for histologic and histometric analyses under light microscopy and polarized light microscopy. Results: Root resorption was observed in all groups. GII exhibited the greatest loss of dental structure (P < .01), and inflammatory resorption was predominant in this group. Storage in milk showed poorer results than immediate replantation and storage in Euro-Collins solution (P < .01). The teeth stored in Euro-Collins solution presented similar extension of root resorption and periodontal ligament reorganization to those of immediately replanted teeth. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the Euro-Collins solution is an adequate storage medium for keeping avulsed teeth for up to 8 hours before replantation. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. All rights reserved. Oral Maxillofac Surg 68:111-119, 2010

O euro e as relações exteriores da União Européia

O texto analisa os aspectos político, jurídico e institucional da construção da União Econômica e Monetária européia, do euro, e seu impacto nas formações de políticas econômicas nos Estados membros.

Matemática no quotidiano: como ganhar notas de Euro com a ajuda da Matemática

(...) Explora-se neste artigo um exemplo deste tipo de números de identificação com algarismo de controlo: o número de série das notas de Euro. (...) Destacam-se várias novidades nas novas notas de 5 e 10 Euros: a marca de água e a banda holográfica passam a incluir um retrato de Europa, a figura da mitologia grega que dá nome a esta segunda série de notas de Euro; (...) O número de série, que nas notas da primeira série aparecia duas vezes no verso da nota, passa a constar nas novas notas uma só vez (no canto superior direito). Os seus 6 últimos algarismos aparecem também na vertical, sensivelmente a meio das novas notas. Ao todo, o número de série é composto por 12 caracteres: 1 letra e 11 algarismos nas notas antigas e 2 letras e 10 algarismos nas notas novas. (...) A título de exemplo, verifiquemos se é válido o número de série: PA0626068043. Substituindo P por 8 e A por 2, obtemos o número 820626068043. Se adicionarmos todos os seus algarismos, temos s=45, que é um múltiplo de 9. Um método alternativo consiste em adicionar sucessivamente os algarismos, retirando “noves” sempre que possível. No final deve obter-se 0 (significa que o número de série é um múltiplo de 9, ou seja, que o resto da sua divisão por 9 é zero). (...) O leitor pode mesmo tirar proveito desta informação para ganhar algumas notas de Euro. Basta fazer uma aposta com o dono de uma nota, desafiando-o a tapar o último algarismo do número de série. Se conseguir “adivinhar” qual é esse algarismo, a nota será sua! Só tem que recordar os valores que são atribuídos às letras e aplicar um dos dois métodos indicados. (...)

A Saída Voluntária de um Estado membro da Zona Euro (e UE). Caso Concreto de Portugal

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais, Especialização de Estudos Europeus.

A moeda única europeia: o papel do euro no processo de integração europeia

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência Politica e Relações Internacionais, com especialização em Estudos Europeus

The effects of mega-events on city branding: The example of Warsaw and Euro 2012

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Predicting GDP growth in the Euro Area

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Essay on external imbalances within the Euro Area

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Stops and bonanzas in the EU: Does being part of the Euro Area make a difference?

In this paper, we investigate whether being part of the euro area influences the conditional probability of going through a sudden stop or a bonanza of capital flows. Our sample period is from 1995 until 2014. We identify these two phenomena and we evaluate which push and pull factors help predict the conditional probability of experiencing one of them. We find that most countries had significant capital inflows until 2008 and that there were more sudden stops during the recent financial crisis than in any other moment in our sample. The factors that better help forecast the conditional probability of a sudden stop are global uncertainty (represented by the push factor “Volatility Index”), and the domestic economic activity (pull factors “GDP growth” and “consumer confidence”). An indicator of country risk (pull factor “change in credit rating”) is the most significant one for predicting bonanzas. Ultimately, we find no evidence that being part of the euro area influences the conditional probability of going through a sudden stop or a bonanza.

Deflation and monetary policy: A look into Japan and the Euro Area

With more than two decades of weak economic performance since the bubble burst in the ‘90s, the Japanese deflationary scenario has become the economic fate every developed economy fears to become. As the euro area continues to experience sustained low inflation, studying the Japanese monetary policy may shed light on how to prevent persistent deflation. Using an SVAR methodology to understand the monetary transmission mechanism, we find some evidence that the euro area may possess characteristics that would eventually lead to a deflationary scenario. The extent of whether it would suffer the same Japanese fate would depend on how macroeconomic policies are timely coordinated as a response to its liquidity problem and increasing public debt across member states.

Measuring spillover effects in Euro Area equity and bond markets

Since its inception, the Eurozone has experienced significant financial integration. However, with the recent turbulent period, the dynamics of this integration may have changed. This study analyses the volatility spillovers from the US and aggregate Eurozone markets into ten Euro Area national equity and bond markets, using a regime-switching model with shifting shock sensitivities. The evidence confirms an increased impact of shock spillover intensity after the 2008 crisis in the equity market and a decrease of the same parameters for the bond market. In both markets, the overall impact of the Eurozone is greater when compared to the U.S.