Behavior of the wild coriander (eryngium foetidum L.) in subtropical conditions

The adaptability of wild coriander (Eryngium foetidum L.) a seasoning and medicinal herb indigenous of the Amazon region was evaluated in a subtropical city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Germination of seeds was extremely irregular with the first seeds germinating 10 days after the sowing, but the process lasted 90 days. The exploitation of this specie is possible in subtropical conditions without interruption of production but further study on the feasibility elimination of seed and flower are necessary to permit a greater yield of foliage.

Produtividade, compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante em Eryngium foetidum L

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Eryngium foetidum, Petroselinum crispum and Coriandrum sativum: new apiaceae hosts of Oidiopsis taurica in Brazil

Relata-se a infecção natural de plantas de chicória da Amazônia (Eryngium foetidum), coentro (Coriandrum sativum) e salsa (Petroselinum crispum), cultivados em casas de vegetação e campo na Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília, DF, por Oidiopsis taurica. A provável fonte de inóculo foram plantas doentes de pimentão (Capsicum annuum) e tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum) na casa de vegetação e pimentão no campo.

European phylogeography of the coastal plants Cakile maritima Scop. (Brassicaceae) and Eryngium maritimum L. (Apiaceae)

Linear dispersal systems, such as coastal habitats, are well suited for phylogeographic studies because of their low spatial complexity compared to three dimensional habitats. Widely distributed coastal plant species additionally show azonal and often essentially continuous distributions. These properties, firstly, make it easier to reconstruct historical distributions of coastal plants and, secondly, make it more likely that present distributions contain both Quaternary refugia and recently colonized areas. Taken together this makes it easier to formulate phylogeographic hypotheses. This work investigated the phylogeography of Cakile maritima and Eryngium maritimum, two species growing in sandy habitats along the north Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea coasts on two different spatial scales using AFLP data. The genetic structure of these species was investigated by sampling single individuals along most of their distributions from Turkey to south Sweden. On a regional scale the population genetic structure of both species was also studied in detail in the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, the Strait of Gibraltar and along a continuous stretch of dunes in western France. Additionally, populations of C. maritima were investigated in the Baltic Sea/Kattegat/North Sea area. Over the complete sampling range the species show both differences and similarities in their genetic structure. In the Mediterranean Sea, both species contain Aegean Sea/Black Sea and west Mediterranean clusters. Cakile maritima additionally shows a clustering of Ionian Sea/Adriatic Sea collections. Further, both species show a subdivision of Atlantic Ocean/North Sea/Baltic Sea material from Mediterranean. Within the Atlantic Ocean group, C. maritima from the Baltic Sea and the most northern Atlantic localities form an additional cluster while no such substructure was found in E. maritimum. In all three instances where population genetic investigations of both species were performed in the same area, the results showed almost complete congruency of spatial genetic patterns. In the Aegean/Black Sea/Marmara region a subdivision of populations into a Black Sea, a Sea of Marmara and an Aegean Sea group is shared by both species. In addition the Sea of Marmara populations are more close to the Aegean Sea populations than they are to the Black Sea populations in both cases. Populations from the Atlantic side of the Strait of Gibraltar are differentiated from those on the Mediterranean side in both species, a pattern that confirms the results of the wide scale study. Along the dunes of West France no clear genetic structure could be detected in any of the species. Additionally, the results from the Baltic Sea/North Sea populations of C. maritima did not reveal any geographical genetic pattern. It is postulated that the many congruencies between the species are mainly due to a predominantly sea water mediated seed dispersal in both species and their shared sandy habitat. The results are compared to hypothetical distributions for the last glacial maximum based on species specific temperature requirements. It is argued that in both species the geographical borders of the clusters in the Mediterranean area were not affected by quaternary temperature changes and that the Aegean/Black Sea/Marmara cluster, and possibly the Ionian Sea/Adriatic Sea cluster in C. maritima, is the result of sea currents that isolate these basins from the rest of the sampled areas. The genetic gap in the Strait of Gibraltar between Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea populations in both species is also explained in terms of sea currents. The existence of three subgroups corresponding to the Aegean Sea, Black Sea and Sea of Marmara basins is suggested to have arisen due to geographical isolation during periods of global sea regressions in the glacials. The population genetic evidence was inconclusive regarding the Baltic Sea cluster of C. Maritima from the wide scale study. The results of this study are very similar to those of an investigation of three other coastal plant species over a similar range. This suggests that the phylo-geographic patterns of widespread coastal plants may be more predictable than those of other terrestrial plants.

Die Verbreitung von Eryngium campestre L., Artemisia campestris L. und Tithymalus Gerardianus Kl. u. Gcke. an der unteren Lippe

Von Dr. Julius Müller

Potencial antioxidante, mineral, inibitório de enzimas α-amilase e lipoxigenase e composição centesimal de espécies da família Apiaceae

Eryngium foetidum L., Eryngium cf. campestre and Coriandrum sativum L. are Apiaceae family vegetable appreciated due to its peculiar flavor and consumed mainly in the north and northeast of Brazil. The vegetables are rich in protein, vitamins, fiber, minerals, total phenolics and other essential bioactives for a balanced health. Nevertheless, many vegetables are falling into disuse by the population, instead of processed foods. The rescue consumption of these species is very important, aiming at their nutritional, therapeutic and antioxidant benefits. In this study, was quantified the levels of total phenolic, flavonoids and dihidroflavonoides by molecular absorption spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet. The total antioxidant capacity was also evaluated using five methodologies of in vitro assays: test Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radical, Power Reducing and Power Chelating. It was also evaluated the power inhibitor of α-amylase and lipoxygenase extracts. All species showed significant levels of total phenolics, flavonoids and dihidroflavonoides in its composition. All treatments showed antioxidant activity of 50% except the sheets of E. cf. campestre, C. sativum and bracts of E. foetidum in DPPH and bracts of E. foetidum in ABTS. All treatments also exhibited 50% inhibition activity of the enzyme lipoxygenase.In α-amylase only the leaves of E. cf. campestre and C. sativum showed IC50. It was evaluate the phytochemical composition, aiming to meet the nutritional potential of Apiaceae family vegetables, called unconventional: Eryngium foetidum L., Eryngium cf. campestre; and conventional: Coriandrum sativum L. At the centesimal composition analysis Coriandrum sativum L. presented the highest levels of protein. The leaves of Eryngium foetidum L. exhibited higher values than other species in dietary fiber, while Eryngium cf. campestre detach with superior results in lipids. About the analyzed minerals, the leaves of Eryngium cf. campestre expressed results superior to the other in N, Ca, Mg, S and Cu. The amount of iron highlighted in sheets of E. foetidum, whereas P, K, Mn, Zn and B were most significant on leaves of C. sativum. It was concluded that the levels of total phenolic compounds found in these vegetables, characterize them for its high potential in the antioxidant and inhibition of lipoxygenase and α-amylase enzymes. Their protein and mineral levels classify them as species that can be used as a nutritional source in the preparation of other foods and may their regular consumption bring benefit to human health.

Produção de chicória da amazônia cultivada sob densidades de cultivo e poda do pendão floral

Chicory is a vegetable Amazon unconventional flavor that has attracted the attention of researchers for its great versatility, which makes it a promising vegetable. However, jobs are scarce in the literature on cultivation techniques for the species. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pruning tassel floral and different spacing, the yield on Amazon chicory. Three different spacings: E1 = 0.15 x 0.15 m, with 44 plants m(2), E2 = 0.20 x 0.20 m, with 25 plants m(2), and E3 = 0.25 x 0.25 m, with 16 plants m(2), with and without pruning floral tassel. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a split plot design 3 x 2, with six replications. The characteristics evaluated were: number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots, number of tassel floral tassel floral fresh weight, yield (kg m(-2)), and leaf area index (LAI). The largest production of chicory Amazon was obtained in plants grown at a spacing of 0.25 x 0.25 m subjected to pruning floral tassel. The highest yield for Amazon chicory was obtained in plants grown at a spacing of 0.15 x 0.15 m submitted pruning floral tassel.

Protease-inhibiting, molecular modeling and antimicrobial activities of extracts and constituents from Helichrysum foetidum and Helichrysum mechowianum (compositae)

Background Helichrysum species are used extensively for stress-related ailments and as dressings for wounds normally encountered in circumcision rites, bruises, cuts and sores. It has been reported that Helichysum species are used to relief abdominal pain, heart burn, cough, cold, wounds, female sterility, menstrual pain. Results From the extracts of Helichrysum foetidum (L.) Moench, six known compounds were isolated and identified. They were 7, 4′-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-flavanone (1), 6′-methoxy-2′,4, 4′-trihydroxychalcone (2), 6′-methoxy-2′,4-dihydroxychalcone -4′-O-β-D-glucoside (3), apigenin (4), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (5), kaur-16-en-18-oic acid (6) while two known compounds 3,5,7-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone (12), 4,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (13) together with a mixture of phytosterol were isolated from the methanol extract of Helichrysum mechowianum Klatt. All the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic and mass spectrometric methods, and by comparison with literature data. Both extracts and all the isolates were screened for the protease inhibition, antibacterial and antifungal activities. In addition, the phytochemical profiles of both species were investigated by ESI-MS experiments. Conclusions These results showed that the protease inhibition assay of H. foetidum could be mainly attributed to the constituents of flavonoids glycosides (3, 5) while the compound (13) from H. mechowianum contributes to the stomach protecting effects. In addition, among the antibacterial and antifungal activities of all the isolates, compound (6) was found to possess a potent inhibitor effect against the tested microorganisms. The heterogeneity of the genus is also reflected in its phytochemical diversity. The differential bioactivities and determined constituents support the traditional use of the species. Molecular modelling was carried out by computing selected descriptors related to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET).

Aportacions a la flora de les comarques transiberiques (Terra Alta, Ribera d'Ebre i Baix Ebre)

Exposem un recull de les dades florístiques més interessants de les comarques catalanes al sud de l'Ebre. La majoria d'elles representen novetat per a la flora del migjorn de Cataluña. Erodium foetidum (L. & Nath.) L'Hér subsp. valentinum (Lange in Willk. & Lange) 0. de Bolòs & Vigo, Zigophyllum fabago L., Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass. i Milium vernale Bieb., es citen per primera vegada al Principat.

Diversidade patogênica e molecular de Ralstonia solanacearum da região amazônica brasileira

Foi avaliada a diversidade de isolados de Ralstonia solanacearum obtidos de tomateiro e de outras hospedeiras com sintomas de murcha bacteriana na região amazônica. Os isolados foram identificados quanto à biovar e separados em graus de virulência em plantas de tomate, pimentão e chicória da Amazônia (Eryngium foetidum). Dos 70 isolados, 53 pertenciam à biovar 1, quatro à biovar N2 e 13 à biovar 3, confirmando a predominância da biovar 1 em tomateiro no Estado do Amazonas. O agrupamento dos isolados mostrou três classes distintas de virulência em tomate, sendo 44,3% dos isolados altamente virulentos, 37,1% medianamente virulentos e 18,6% fracamente virulentos. O agrupamento em pimentão classificou 20% de isolados como altamente virulentos, 27,1% como medianamente virulentos e 52,9% como fracamente virulentos. Quando inoculados em chicória da Amazônia, somente o isolado de chicória provocou murcha nesta hospedeira, sugerindo uma especificidade pouco comum para R. solanacearum. Na caracterização molecular, 46 isolados de tomateiro e 18 de outras 10 hospedeiras, coletados em áreas de terra-firme e de várzea, foram comparados por BOX-PCR. Os perfis genômicos revelaram alto grau de polimorfismo entre os isolados, divididos em cinco grupos, sem correlação entre hospedeira de origem, biovar, ecossistema ou local de coleta. O isolado de chicória da Amazônia foi o mais divergente, com apenas 6,4% de similaridade em relação aos demais. Os isolados de tomateiro estavam representados em três grupos. Os quatro isolados de tomateiro da biovar N2 formaram um agrupamento distinto dos isolados das demais biovares presentes na Amazônia.

L"herbari de la Institució Catalana d"Història Natural.

El herbario de la Institució Catalana d"Història Natural En este trabajo presentamos un estudio sobre el herbario de la Institució Catalana d"Història Natural. Mostramos estadísticas sobre los recolectores, los años y las localidades de recolección, las familias y los grupos taxonómicos representados, así como un listado de pliegos tipo y otros ejemplares de interés taxonómico. El herbario consta, actualmente, de 1.202 pliegos. Está constituido, casi en su totalidad, por plantas cedidas por la familia de Frederic Trèmols y por parte de la exsiccata «Plantes d"Espagne» del hermano Sennen. Los materiales proceden principalmente de Cataluña (532 pliegos, un 44 %), del resto del Estado Español (218, un 18 %) y del continente europeo (125, un 10 %), e incluyen una proporción de crucíferas poco habitual en nuestros herbarios (253, un 21 %). Por otra parte, de los 112 pliegos tipos presentes en el herbario, muy pocos taxones son reconocidos en floras actuales, como la Achillea millefolium L. subsp. ceretanica (Sennen) O. Bolòs & Vigo o el Eryngium × chevalieri Sennen. Sin embargo, el interés científico de esta colección resulta limitado, dado que una gran parte de los pliegos son duplicados de otras colecciones depositadas también en el Instituto Botánico de Barcelona.

Occurrence Of Isoflavonoids In Brazilian Common Bean Germplasm (phaseolus Vulgaris L.).

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is present in the daily diet of various countries and, as for other legumes, has been investigated for its nutraceutical potential. Thus, 16 genotypes from different gene pools, representing seven types of seed coats and different responses to pathogens and pests, were selected to verify their isoflavone contents. The isoflavonoids daidzein and genistein and the flavonols kaempferol, myricetin, and quercetin were found. Grains of the black type showed the highest concentrations of isoflavonoids and were the only ones to exhibit daidzein. IAC Formoso, with high protein content and source of resistance to anthracnose, showed the greatest concentration of genistein, representing around 11% of the content present in soybean, as well as high levels of kaempferol. Arc 1, Raz 55, and IAC Una genotypes showed high content of coumestrol. The results suggest the use of IAC Formoso to increase the nutraceutical characteristics in common bean.

Influence Of The Stage Of Ripeness On The Composition Of Iridoids And Phenolic Compounds In Genipap (genipa Americana L.).

Genipap fruits, native to the Amazon region, were classified in relation to their stage of ripeness according to firmness and peel color. The influence of the part of the genipap fruit and ripeness stage on the iridoid and phenolic compound profiles was evaluated by HPLC-DAD-MS(n), and a total of 17 compounds were identified. Geniposide was the major compound in both parts of the unripe genipap fruits, representing >70% of the total iridoids, whereas 5-caffeoylquinic acid was the major phenolic compound. In ripe fruits, genipin gentiobioside was the major compound in the endocarp (38%) and no phenolic compounds were detected. During ripening, the total iridoid content decreased by >90%, which could explain the absence of blue pigment formation in the ripe fruits after their injury. This is the first time that the phenolic compound composition and iridoid contents of genipap fruits have been reported in the literature.

Auxin And Physical Constraint Exerted By The Perianth Promote Androgynophore Bending In Passiflora Mucronata L. (passifloraceae).

The androgynophore column, a distinctive floral feature in passion flowers, is strongly crooked or bent in many Passiflora species pollinated by bats. This is a floral feature that facilitates the adaptation to bat pollination. Crooking or bending of plant organs are generally caused by environmental stimulus (e.g. mechanical barriers) and might involve the differential distribution of auxin. Our aim was to study the role of the perianth organs and the effect of auxin in bending of the androgynophore of the bat-pollinated species Passiflora mucronata. Morpho-anatomical characterisation of the androgynophore, including measurements of curvature angles and cell sizes both at the dorsal (convex) and ventral (concave) sides of the androgynophore, was performed on control flowers, flowers from which perianth organs were partially removed and flowers treated either with auxin (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2,4-D) or with an inhibitor of auxin polar transport (naphthylphthalamic acid; NPA). Asymmetric growth of the androgynophore column, leading to bending, occurs at a late stage of flower development. Removing the physical constraint exerted by perianth organs or treatment with NPA significantly reduced androgynophore bending. Additionally, the androgynophores of plants treated with 2,4-D were more curved when compared to controls. There was a larger cellular expansion at the dorsal side of the androgynophores of plants treated with 2,4-D and in both sides of the androgynophores of plants treated with NPA. This study suggests that the physical constraint exerted by perianth and auxin redistribution promotes androgynophore bending in P. mucronata and might be related to the evolution of chiropterophily in the genus Passiflora.