Cattle. A complete compendium of the causes, symptoms and treatment of diseases and ailments of cattle, with differential diagnosis, surgical operations and obstetrics, as experienced in thirty-one years of practice,

Mode of access: Internet.

Tomographic diagnosis and relevant aspects of otosclerosis

A literature review and pictorial essay were developed to discuss the importance of knowing the main findings and locations of otosclerosis at multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). The authors performed a retrospective review of cases of otosclerosis diagnosed in their institution by means of high resolution multidetector computed tomography. Otosclerosis corresponds to otic capsule dysplasia characterized by metabolic derangement of its endochondral layer. Such condition constitutes a relevant cause of sensorineural hearing loss, affecting about 7% to 10% of the general population. The diagnosis is usually clinical, but imaging methods play a significant role in the anatomical detailing, differential diagnosis, surgical planning and evaluation of postoperative complications. Among such methods, the relevance of MDCT is highlighted. Radiologists should be familiar with the MDCT findings of otosclerosis, as well as with the temporal bone anatomy to assist in the appropriate clinical management of this disease.

Evaluation of simulated bone lesion in the head of the mandible by using multislice computed tomography

Conventional radiography has shown limitation in acquiring image of the ATM region, thus, computed tomography (CT) scanning has been the best option to the present date for diagnosis, surgical planning and treatment of bone lesions, owing to its specific properties. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate images of simulated bone lesions at the head of the mandible by multislice CT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Spherical lesions were made with dental spherical drills (sizes 1, 3, and 6) and were evaluated by using multislice CT (64 rows), by two observers in two different occasions, deploying two protocols: axial, coronal, and sagittal images, and parasagittal images for pole visualization (anterior, lateral, posterior, medial and superior). Acquired images were then compared with those lesions in the dry mandible (gold standard) to evaluate the specificity and sensibility of both protocols. Statistical methods included: Kappa statistics, validity test and chi-square test. Results demonstrated the advantage of associating axial, coronal, and sagittal slices with parasagittal slices for lesion detection at the head of the mandible. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the types of protocols regarding a particular localization of lesions at the poles. CONCLUSIONS: Protocols for the assessment of the head of the mandible were established to improve the visualization of alterations of each of the poles of the mandible's head. The anterior and posterior poles were better visualized in lateral-medial planes while lateral, medial and superior poles were better visualized in the anterior-posterior plane.

Assessment of simulated mandibular condyle bone lesions by cone beam computed tomography

There are many limitations to image acquisition, using conventional radiography, of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region. The Computed Tomography (CT) scan is a better option, due to its higher accuracy, for purposes of diagnosis, surgical planning and treatment of bone injuries. The aim of the present study was to analyze two protocols of cone beam computed tomography for the evaluation of simulated mandibular condyle bone lesions. Spherical lesions were simulated in 30 dry mandibular condyles, using dentist drills and drill bits sizes 1, 3 and 6. Each of the mandibular condyles was submitted to cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) using two protocols: 1) axial, coronal and sagittal multiplanar reconstruction (MPR); and 2) sagittal plus coronal slices throughout the longitudinal axis of the mandibular condyles. For these protocols, 2 observers analyzed the CBCT images independently, regarding the presence or not of injuries. Only one of the observers, however, performed on 2 different occasions. The results were compared to the gold standard, evaluating the percentage of agreement, degree of accuracy of CBCT protocols and observers' examination. The z test was used for the statistical analysis. The results showed there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 protocols. There was greater difficulty in the assessment of small-size simulated lesions (drill # 1). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that CBCT is an accurate tool for analyzing mandibular condyle bone lesions, with the MPR protocol showing slightly better results than the sagittal plus coronal slices throughout the longitudinal axis.

Surgery information reduces anxiety in the pre-operative period

PURPOSE: Patients preparing to undergo surgery should not suffer needless anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate anxiety levels on the day before surgery as related to the information known by the patient regarding the diagnosis, surgical procedure, or anesthesia. METHOD: Patients reported their knowledge of diagnosis, surgery, and anesthesia. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to measure patient anxiety levels. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-nine patients were selected, and 82 females and 38 males were interviewed. Twenty-nine patients were excluded due to illiteracy. The state-anxiety levels were alike for males and females (36.10 ± 11.94 vs. 37.61 ± 8.76) (mean ± SD). Trait-anxiety levels were higher for women (42.55 ± 10.39 vs. 38.08 ± 12.25, P = 0.041). Patient education level did not influence the state-anxiety level but was inversely related to the trait-anxiety level. Knowledge of the diagnosis was clear for 91.7% of patients, of the surgery for 75.0%, and of anesthesia for 37.5%. Unfamiliarity with the surgical procedure raised state-anxiety levels (P = 0.021). A lower state-anxiety level was found among patients who did not know the diagnosis but knew about the surgery (P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Increased knowledge of patients regarding the surgery they are about to undergo may reduce their state-anxiety levels.

Transcodage des codes opératoires et diagnostiques VESKA (version 1979) en codes ICD-9-CM

Ce travail décrit les opérations théoriques et pratiques concernant le transcodage des opérations d'une part, des diagnostics d'autre part; il décrit également le programme informatique de transcodage.

Le diagnostic des tuméfactions latérales solides cervicales chez l'enfant

Introduction : Faute de tests diagnostiques précis, une étude histologique est souvent nécessaire pour diagnostiquer les tuméfactions latérales solides cervicales (TLSC) chez l’enfant. Nous étudierons les modalités diagnostiques pour les TLSC afin de créer une approche diagnostique standardisée intégrant de nouveaux outils diagnostics à ceux actuellement offerts. Méthodologie : Après révision des étiologies et des modalités diagnostiques, une revue de la littérature a été effectuée. Une étude rétrospective entre 2002 à 2012 est présentée suivie d’une étude de faisabilité de la cytoponction. Puis, un arbre décisionnel est créé basé sur nos résultats et sur l’avis d’un groupe d’experts de différentes disciplines médicales. Résultats : Le diagnostic différentiel des TLSC est varié, la littérature scientifique est désuète et la comparaison reste difficile. Pour nos 42 enfants avec un âge médian de sept ans, les tuméfactions inflammatoires représentent 59% (26/44 biopsies) des TLSC, surtout des lymphadénites à mycobactérie atypique (13/26) qui ont un dépistage ardu et multimodal. La biopsie fut peu contributive à la prise en charge dans 39% (17/44) des cas. La cytoponction sous échoguidance est une technique diagnostique faisable et moins invasive que la biopsie. L’arbre décisionnel offre aux cliniciens une approche diagnostique standardisée des TLSC appuyée sur des faits scientifiques que nous souhaitons valider par une étude prospective. Conclusion : Les TLSC chez l’enfant représentent un défi diagnostic et notre arbre décisionnel répond au manque de standardisation dans l’approche diagnostique. Une étude prospective sur notre arbre décisionnel est en voie d’acceptation au CHU Sainte-Justine.

Tumores presacros. Reporte de serie de casos

Introducción: Los tumores presacros son un raro y diverso grupo de lesiones que se originan en el espacio presacro, infrecuente y de difícil diagnóstico. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir una serie de casos con respecto a las características clínicas, diagnóstico y manejo. Metodología: Recolección de pacientes quienes fueron diagnosticados con tumores presacros desde el año 1988 a 2013. Revisamos la clínica, tiempo de evolución, métodos diagnósticos, el abordaje quirúrgico, patología y complicaciones. Resultados: Nueve pacientes fueron incluidos en este trabajo. 7 de los 9 pacientes presentaron como síntoma principal el dolor. El tiempo de evolución medio fue de 9.8 meses. Diagnóstico fue realizado con tacto rectal en todos los pacientes y confirmado con tomografía axial pélvica 9 pacientes y resonancia magnética nuclear pélvica en 5 pacientes. La patología: teratoma quístico maduro (n = 3), cordoma (no: 1), quiste epidermoide (no=1), fibrohistiocitoma de bajo grado (no =1), fibromatosis (no =1), angiomixoma agresivo (no =1). El abordaje quirúrgico principal fue la vía posterior de (kraske) en 6 pacientes y en 2 por laparotomía. 1 paciente no se llevó a cirugía. La resección completa se obtuvo en un 87%. No se presentó complicaciones tempranas postoperatorias. Complicaciones tardías en 1 caso (12%) por obstrucción intestinal. Se presentó 1 caso de recurrencia por resección parcial tumoral. Conclusión: Los tumores presacros son una patología infrecuente a nivel mundial, siendo un reto para el cirujano su diagnóstico y manejo.

Implicaciones clínicas y quirúrgicas de las variaciones anatómicas vasculares del riñón

Introducción: Conocer y diagnosticar las variaciones más frecuentes de la vasculatura renal es de gran importancia para la planificación de la nefrectomía laparoscópica en el donante y para la reconstrucción vascular en el trasplante renal. De igual forma, considerar las variaciones vasculares −especialmente las del sistema venoso− es indispensable en reconstrucción vascular debido a la gran proporción de variaciones venosas asociadas a aneurismas de la aorta abdominal; además, es ideal en el estudio de condiciones clínicas tales como el síndrome de congestión pélvica y la hematuria. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión de la bibliografía sobre la proporción, diagnóstico, procedimientos quirúrgicos y síndromes clínicos asociados a las variaciones de la vasculatura renal, basada en el material encontrado con la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: “Renal Artery/abnormalities”[Mesh] OR Renal Veins/abnormalities”[Mesh] AND “surgery”[Mesh] OR “transplantation”[Mesh] OR “radiography”[Mesh] “Kidney Pelvis/abnormalities”[Mesh] AND “Kidney Pelvis/blood supply”[Mesh]. Esta estrategia se modificó de acuerdo con las bases de datos: MEDLINE/PubMed, MEDLINE OVID, SCIENCEDIRECT, HINARI y LILACS. Desarrollo: Se revisó el origen y los tipos más frecuentes de variaciones de la vasculatura renal. Se investigó sobre las implicaciones quirúrgicas y los síndromes clínicos asociados.

Impacto da tomografia computorizada versus radiografia no prognóstico pós-cirúrgico do carcinoma espinocelular oral no cão

Objectivos: Neste estudo retrospectivo pretendeu-se determinar o impacto da tomografia computorizada na sobrevivência pós-cirúrgica do cão com carcinoma espinocelular na cavidade oral, comparativamente à radiografia. Enfatizando desta forma, a sua importância no diagnóstico, no planeamento cirúrgico e prognóstico. O segundo objectivo consistiu em determinar as características tomográficas dos carcinomas espinocelulares da cavidade oral em cães. Material e Métodos: Foram analisados 7 canídeos com diagnóstico de carcinoma espinocelular. Os critérios de inclusão foram: cães com carcinoma espinocelular diagnosticado por biópsia, exame imagiológico complementar (radiografia simples ou tomografia computorizada), elegibilidade para cirurgia, execução de tratamento cirúrgico e acompanhamento pós-cirúrgico durante 2 anos. Foi registada a idade, o sexo, a raça, a localização anatómica, o estadiamento T e N, as características radiográficas e tomográficas dos tumores, o tempo de recorrência e por fim o tempo de sobrevivência global descrito nos registos consultados. Procedeu-se também ao registo das variáveis das imagens radiográficas e tomográficas obtidas: definição das margens neoplásicas, presença ou ausência de reacção perióstea e de destruição de osso cortical adjacente, presença de deslocação dentária e de reabsorção dentária e densidade óssea local. Resultados: Nenhum dos meios imagiológicos permitiu uma visualização bem definida das margens neoplásicas. A nível da destruição de osso cortical adjacente, foi visível em 66,67% dos casos avaliados com radiografia e em todos os casos que foram avaliados com tomografia computorizada (100%). Foi visível reacção perióstea em 33,33% dos canídeos avaliados por radiografia e em nenhum dos avaliados por tomografia (0%). A densidade óssea local estava diminuída em todos os casos avaliados por radiografia simples ou por tomografia. A nível de reabsorção dentária estava presente em 33,33% dos avaliados por radiografia e em 25% dos avaliados por tomografia. Foi possível visualizar deslocação dentária em 66,67% dos avaliados por radiografia e em todos os avaliados por tomografia (100%). A nível de percentagem de casos com recorrência local, nenhum caso avaliado com radiografia recorreu e apenas 1 caso avaliado por tomografia recorreu em 289 dias. O tempo médio de sobrevivência foi superior no grupo dos avaliados com radiografia (1091,7 dias) relativamente ao grupo avaliado por tomografia (404 dias). Ao fim de 2 anos, 66,67% dos casos avaliados por radiografia estavam vivos e somente 25% dos casos avaliados com tomografia sobreviveram. Discussão/conclusão: Não foi possível determinar o impacto real dos dois meios de diagnóstico no prognóstico pós-cirúrgico do carcinoma espinocelular oral no cão, devido à reduzida amostra e aos tumores com pior prognóstico (por localização e estadiamento) terem sido remetidos para tomografia.

Enfisema lobar congênito: série de casos de 30 anos em dois hospitais universitários

Objetivo: Revisar os casos de enfisema lobar congênito (ELC) operados nos últimos 30 anos em dois hospitais universitários. Métodos: Foram revistos os prontuários médicos das crianças com ELC operadas no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu e no Hospital da Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes entre 1979 e 2009. Dados sobre sintomas, exame físico, achados radiológicos, diagnóstico, tratamento cirúrgico e seguimento pós-operatório mediato e tardio foram analisados. Resultados: Durante o período estudado, 20 crianças com ELC foram submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico. A média de idade dos pacientes no momento da cirurgia foi 6,9 meses (variação, 9 dias a 4 anos). Todos os casos apresentaram sintomas ao nascimento ou nos primeiros meses de vida. Em todos os casos, a radiografia simples de tórax foi importante na definição do diagnóstico. Em casos de dificuldade respiratória moderada, a TC de tórax auxiliou no diagnóstico. Um paciente com desconforto respiratório grave foi diagnosticado erroneamente com pneumotórax hipertensivo e submetido a drenagem torácica. A broncoscopia só foi realizada nos pacientes com dificuldade respiratória moderada e não foram encontrados sinais de anomalias traqueobrônquicas. A abordagem cirúrgica foi realizada através de toracotomia lateral poupadora de músculo. O lobo superior esquerdo e o lobo médio foram os mais afetados, seguidos pelo lobo superior direito. A lobectomia foi realizada em 18 casos, enquanto a bilobectomia foi realizada em 2 casos (com ressecção de cisto broncogênico em 1 desses). Complicações pós-operatórias não foram observadas. O acompanhamento pós-operatório foi de pelo menos 24 meses (média, 60 meses) e não foram observadas complicações tardias nesta série. Conclusões: O ELC é uma doença pouco comum, ainda negligenciada, de etiologia incerta, mas de fácil diagnóstico radiológico e tratamento cirúrgico eficaz.

Manutenção em próteses implantossuportadas: peri-implantite

The identification and treatment of peri-implant infections are an essential stage in the maintenance of dental implants, reflecting the longevity of rehabilitation. Therefore, the aim of the study was to conduct a literature review addressing peri-implantitis in dental implants in order to guide planning for the longevity of oral rehabilitation. It was conducted a detailed search strategy by the PubMed / Medline Dentistry and Oral Science, it was used as descriptors: “peri-implantitis” and “Dental Implant”, until July 2013. From 566 articles, after a review, according to the inclusion criteria, 34 articles were selected. The results were grouped together in topics (concept, etiology, diagnosis, surgical and nonsurgical, and aspects of oral rehabilitation) for further discussion and conclusions. Conclusions: The accumulation of plaque has been associated with a higher propensity to peri-implantitis. There is a higher incidence of the peri-implantitis disease among patients with previous history of periodontal disease. The local administration of antibiotics and association with mouthwashes / topical use are indicated as suitable for the treatment of moderate peri-implantitis.

Die chirurgischen Untersuchungsarten; einführende Vorlesungen über allgemeine chirurgische Diagnostik.

Mode of access: Internet.

Transsphenoidal meningoencephalocele associated with cleft lip and palate: challenges for diagnosis and surgical treatment

The aim of this study was to highlight the challenges for early diagnosis and the difficulties observed in surgical treatment of patients with transsphenoidal meningoencephalocele associated with cleft lip and/or palate. We evaluated six male patients treated over the course of 4 years. Five patients presented encephalic herniation with nonfunctional brain tissue; one of these presented herniation of the pituitary gland and cerebral ventricles. All the patients received surgical treatment for the cleft lip and/or palate. Only one patient underwent repair of the meningoencephalocele, via nasal endoscopy. There were no postprocedural clinical or surgical complications. The tendency is to avoid neurosurgery, opting for periodic follow-up with magnetic resonance imaging. In the presence of cleft palate, palatoplasty is essential to protect the meningoencephalocele.

Dorsal root ganglionectomy for the diagnosis of sensory neuropathies. Surgical technique and results

Background: Inflammatory diseases stand out among sensory neuronopathies because, in their active phase, they can be treated with immunosuppressive agents. Immunosuppressive therapy may present severe adverse effects and requires previous inflammatory activity confirmation. Sensory neuronopathies are diagnosed based on clinical and EMG findings. Diagnostic confirmation and identification of inflammatory activity are based on sensory ganglion histopathological examination. We describe the surgical technique used for dorsal root ganglionectomy in patients with clinical/EMG diagnosis of sensory neuronopathies. Methods: The sensory ganglion was obtained from 15 patients through a small T7-T8 hemilaminectomy and foraminotomy to expose the C7 root from its origin to the spinal nerve bifurcation. In 6 patients, the dural cuff supposed to contain the ganglion was resected en bloc; and in 9 patients, the ganglion was obtained through a longitudinal incision of the dural cuff and microsurgical dissection from the ventral and dorsal roots and radicular arteries. All ganglia were histopathologically examined. Results: No ganglion was found in the dural cuff in 2 patients submitted to en bloc removal, and the ganglion was removed in all patients who underwent microsurgical dissection. All but 2 patients that had ganglion examination presented a neuronopathy of nerve cell loss, 3 with mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate. These patients underwent immunosuppressive therapy, and 2 of them presented clinical improvement. No surgical complications were observed. Conclusions: Microsurgical dorsal root ganglionectomy for diagnosing inflammatory sensory ganglionopathies was effective and safe. Although safe, en bloc resection of the proximal dural cuff was not effective for this purpose. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc.