Hacia una ética de la responsabilidad: Derrida y el otro “por venir” en Lévinas

Resumen: La tesis del trabajo es que la deconstrucción entraña en sí misma una actitud ética, y que ésta radica intrínsecamente en su apertura al otro y en la responsabilidad frente a ese otro. Para ello, se intenta en primer lugar una elucidación del concepto, caracterizándola como un protocolo de lectura compuesto de dos fases: des-sedimentación y reinscripción, siendo este último momento el que la identifica como una lectura singular y no universalizable. Posteriormente, a través de las nociones de “sujeto” y “alteridad del texto”, se muestra cómo las bases de la ética deconstructiva giran en torno a las nociones de “yo” y “otro”, conceptos que Derrida, como se demuestra, toma de Lévinas. La instancia ética es la apertura al otro, que se verifica por la responsabilidad que supone concebir al otro como aquello incapaz de apropiación. Dicha responsabilidad configura la aporía ética de lo general-particular, al concebirse como la posibilidad imposible de una opción general que es al mismo tiempo una decisión personal o singular, o, en otros términos, la indecidibilidad entre la norma general y la decisión concreta, que es a su vez la tensión entre “justicia”, “hospitalidad” y “negociación”. Lo anterior demuestra que el acto ético (o acto deconstructivo) tiene la misma estructura de la différance, imbricada siempre en la iteración del significante.

Jacques Derrida nos trópicos: rastros da desconstrução nos ensaios de Silviano Santiago

Este trabalho consiste em investigar as marcas do pensamento da desconstrução, em especial da filosofia de Jacques Derrida, nos ensaios críticos de Silviano Santiago. No entanto, o objetivo não se esgota em uma visada meramente expositiva, ou seja, apenas colocar em relevo as noções propostas pelo filósofo argelino em suas obras que por ventura apareçam nos ensaios selecionados crítico literário. Mais do que isso, pretende-se mostrar como a articulação desconstrutora é útil ao crítico na discussão de seus próprios temas, principalmente a questão da dependência cultural. Foram selecionados ensaios de suas coletâneas publicadas no fim do século XX e início do XXI, de modo a evidenciar um eixo temático que perpassa a sua obra, voltada a pensar os esquemas cristalizados de trocas culturais, a partir de questionamentos amplos que visam a subverter as hierarquias estabelecidas, abrindo espaço para a alteridade do outro como diferença, mediante o aporte da noção derridiana de différance. No que concerne especificamente aos estudos literários, serão apresentadas as leituras que Santiago faz das estratégias estéticas que reiteram, deslocam ou reiteram para deslocar os paradigmas de globalização, considerando a literatura como uma modalidade discursiva inserida no campo mais amplo da cultura, afinando sua discussão com as estratégias desconstrutoras de Derrida

Time Out of Time: Derrida, Cixous, Improvisation

This article considers the paradox of improvisation as a gift out of time, which is completely in tune with time, subject to time. It does so through an alignment of Jacques Derrida’s philosophy and the poetic writings of Hélène Cixous. Ever mindful of the possible impossibility of improvisation in Derrida’s work, improvisation here is given over to Cixous, to the side of life, and is theorised as a type of ‘feminine writing’, as an inventive strategy that calls forth the unknown other and dreams of a gift in life that is out of time.

The Paradox of art criticism: Jacques Derrida in front of the Greco, Henri Michaux before René Magritte

This paper analyzes the rethinking of art criticism during French post-structuralism and deconstruction in the second half of the XX century. From Michel Foucault to Gilles Deleuze, from Jacques Derrida to Jean-Claude Lebensztejn, the article develops several conceptions and functions of art criticism by means of paradox, paying special attention to Henri Michaux’s essay on René Magritte En rêvant à partir de peintures énigmatiques [Dreams like Enigmatic Paintings].

Ethics, power and space: International hospitality beyond Derrida

This article argues for the importance of hospitality in discussions of international ethics, suggesting that, while Jacques Derrida’s thought on the concept ought to be central, we also need to go beyond it. In particular, Derrida’s focus on the threshold moment of sovereign decision has the effect of reinforcing International Relations’ focus on the state as the only ethical actor and space. In contrast, this article suggests that we think of hospitality as a spatial relation with affective dimensions and a practice that continues once the guest crosses the threshold of the home. Conceived as such, hospitality reveals a constitutive relation between ethics, power and space, which directs us to the way hospitality produces international spaces and manages them through various tactics seeking to contain the resistant guest. This argument is illustrated through an examination of perhaps the most urgent of contemporary international ethical spaces: the refugee camp.

Logics of generalization: Derrida, grammatology and transdisciplinarity

This article seeks to explore some issues regarding the different modes of generality at stake in the formation of transdisciplinary concepts within the production of ‘theory’ in the humanities and social sciences. Focused around Jacques Derrida’s seminal account of ‘writing’ in his 1967 book Of Grammatology, the article outlines what it defines as a logic of generalization at stake in Derrida’s elaborations of a quasi-transcendental ‘inscription in general’. Starting out from the questions thereby raised about the relationship between such forms of generality and those historically ascribed to philosophy, the article concludes by contrasting Derrida’s generalized writing with more recent returns to ‘metaphysics’ in the work of Bruno Latour and others. Against the immediately ‘ontological’ orientation of much recent ‘new materialist’ or ‘object-oriented’ thought, the article argues for the necessity of ‘different levels of writing in general’ through a continual folding back of absolute generalization into historically specific disciplinary crossings and exchanges; something suggested by but never really developed in Derrida’s own work.

Un non-événement qui a pourtant eu lieu : la rencontre entre Gadamer et Derrida

La rencontre tant attendue entre Hans-Georg Gadamer et Jacques Derrida a finalement eu lieu au Goethe-Institut de Paris en 1981. Le dialogue espéré entre l'herméneutique et la déconstruction s'y est cependant à peine engagé. Selon la plupart des commentateurs, la conférence qu'y a prononcée Derrida n'était d'ailleurs même pas liée à la rencontre. Nous ne partageons pas cette opinion. Derrida a choisi de critiquer l'interprétation heideggérienne de Nietzsche, alors que Gadamer venait de faire un plaidoyer inconditionnel en sa faveur. De plus, la structure axiomatique de l'unité et de la totalité que Derrida met en question dans sa conférence est la même que celle qu'il a ailleurs attribuée à l'herméneutique. En mettant en doute la primauté de cette structure, il s'en prenait donc aux fondements de l'herméneutique telle qu'il la concevait. Enfin, sa conférence a laissé entrevoir une conception de l'interprétation dont l'absence d'horizon de vérité exclut l'herméneutique.

Gadamer et Derrida : entre l'unité du sens et le sens " différé "

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Derrida and metaphor : drawing out the relation between metaphor and proper meaning through différance

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal