Estudo espectroscópico de compósito obtido da reação no estado sólido entre um complexo mononuclear de vanádio(IV) e caulinita

The use of probes, such as paramagnetic species diluted in diamagnetic materials in EPR spectroscopy, and mathematical tools such, as the Kubelka-Munk function in DRUV-VIS spectroscopy are strategies in the analysis of complex mixtures of solid materials. The results obtained here show that the solid state reaction between the complex, [VO(acac)(BMIMAPY)] [ClO4], BMIMAPY = [(bis(1-methylimidazole-2-yl)methyl)(2-(pyridyl-2-yl)ethyl) amine] and acac = acetilacetonate, with kaolinite turns possible to obtain anisotropic EPR spectrum of the complex with a reasonable level of resolution. The study by DRUV-VIS using the method of second derivative mode of the Kubelka-Munk function revealed new complex structural arrangements, a solid hitherto unknown.

Studio della reazione di isomerizzazione del d-glucosio

I carboidrati, come il D-glucosio, sono i principali costituenti della biomasse e potrebbero rappresentare un’alternativa concreta alla chimica tradizionale del petrolio per la produzione dei building-blocks, utili quest’ultimi per lo sviluppo della filiera produttiva della chimica industriale. Dal D-glucosio è possibile ottenere epimeri importanti per la medicina o zuccheri largamente utilizzati in campo alimentare come il D-fruttosio tramite isomerizzazione strutturale del D-glucosio. Attualmente, la maggior parte dei metodi di sintesi di questa molecole prevedono l’utilizzo enzimi, o la catalisi omogenea con impiego di grandi quantità di basi e acidi minerali dannosi per l’ambiente. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato lo studio di innovativi catalizzatori eterogenei capaci operare in soluzione acquosa la conversione acido catalizzata del D-glucosio in prodotti di epimerizzazione e isomerizzazione strutturale. I catalizzatori dei nostri test sono stati caratterizzati tramite tecniche BET, ATR-IR, DRUv-Vis e XRD. Lo studio, quindi, è stato focalizzato sulle valutazioni delle prestazioni catalitiche di questi sistemi e sull’individuazione, tramite caratterizzazione strumentale, degli ioni costituenti questi solidi responsabili delle alte selettività nelle reazioni di riarrangiamento strutturale del D-glucosio. Gli studi condotti hanno portato alla conclusione che, grazie all’utilizzo di questi sistemi inorganici è possibile ottenere con alte selettività prodotti di riarrangiamento strutturale del D-glucosio, evitando al contempo la degradazione del substrato che in genere accompagna queste reazioni in condizioni di catalisi acida. Ulteriori studi riguardanti questi catalizzatori apriranno con buone probabilità la strada allo sviluppo di un nuovo processo industriale per la sintesi di questi zuccheri derivati, rendendo possibile una via produttiva sostenibile da un punto di vista economico che ambientale.

Synthesis and characterisation of electrospun gold on ceria catalysts

Cerium oxide in catalysis can be used both as support and as a catalyst itself. Ceria catalyses many oxidations reactions, its excellent catalytic properties are due to its store oxygen storage capacity (OSC) and the reticular defects present on its surface. Different morphologies expose different reticular planes, and different reticular planes can expose different amounts of defects. The preparation method of cerium oxide can influence the surface area, morphology, and the number of defects in the sample. This work is focused on different preparation methods for gold nanoparticles supported on 1D nanostructures of cerium oxide prepared via electrospinning, their XRD, DRUV-Vis and Raman characterizations, and their catalytic performance on the oxidation reaction of HMF to FDCA.

Uv-vis Spectra As An Alternative To The Lowry Method For Quantify Hair Damage Induced By Surfactants.

It is well known that long term use of shampoo causes damage to human hair. Although the Lowry method has been widely used to quantify hair damage, it is unsuitable to determine this in the presence of some surfactants and there is no other method proposed in literature. In this work, a different method is used to investigate and compare the hair damage induced by four types of surfactants (including three commercial-grade surfactants) and water. Hair samples were immersed in aqueous solution of surfactants under conditions that resemble a shower (38 °C, constant shaking). These solutions become colored with time of contact with hair and its UV-vis spectra were recorded. For comparison, the amount of extracted proteins from hair by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and by water were estimated by the Lowry method. Additionally, non-pigmented vs. pigmented hair and also sepia melanin were used to understand the washing solution color and their spectra. The results presented herein show that hair degradation is mostly caused by the extraction of proteins, cuticle fragments and melanin granules from hair fiber. It was found that the intensity of solution color varies with the charge density of the surfactants. Furthermore, the intensity of solution color can be correlated to the amount of proteins quantified by the Lowry method as well as to the degree of hair damage. UV-vis spectrum of hair washing solutions is a simple and straightforward method to quantify and compare hair damages induced by different commercial surfactants.

Venusicola inusitatus gen. n., sp n. (Digenea, Acanthocolpidae) from the Venus tuskfish Choerodon venustus (De Vis) from the southern Great Barrier Reef

The new acanthocolpid genus Venusicola is erected for V. inusitatus sp, n. from the marine tuskfish Choerodon venustus from Heron Island on the southern Great Barrier Reef. This genus is unique in the family in having a greatly elongated ventral sucker with lateral apertural lips and a pavement of blunt spines lining the aperture.

Monitoring the composition and form of urban environments based on the vegetation-impervious surface-soil (VIS) model by sub-pixel analysis techniques

The majority of the world's population now resides in urban environments and information on the internal composition and dynamics of these environments is essential to enable preservation of certain standards of living. Remotely sensed data, especially the global coverage of moderate spatial resolution satellites such as Landsat, Indian Resource Satellite and Systeme Pour I'Observation de la Terre (SPOT), offer a highly useful data source for mapping the composition of these cities and examining their changes over time. The utility and range of applications for remotely sensed data in urban environments could be improved with a more appropriate conceptual model relating urban environments to the sampling resolutions of imaging sensors and processing routines. Hence, the aim of this work was to take the Vegetation-Impervious surface-Soil (VIS) model of urban composition and match it with the most appropriate image processing methodology to deliver information on VIS composition for urban environments. Several approaches were evaluated for mapping the urban composition of Brisbane city (south-cast Queensland, Australia) using Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper data and 1:5000 aerial photographs. The methods evaluated were: image classification; interpretation of aerial photographs; and constrained linear mixture analysis. Over 900 reference sample points on four transects were extracted from the aerial photographs and used as a basis to check output of the classification and mixture analysis. Distinctive zonations of VIS related to urban composition were found in the per-pixel classification and aggregated air-photo interpretation; however, significant spectral confusion also resulted between classes. In contrast, the VIS fraction images produced from the mixture analysis enabled distinctive densities of commercial, industrial and residential zones within the city to be clearly defined, based on their relative amount of vegetation cover. The soil fraction image served as an index for areas being (re)developed. The logical match of a low (L)-resolution, spectral mixture analysis approach with the moderate spatial resolution image data, ensured the processing model matched the spectrally heterogeneous nature of the urban environments at the scale of Landsat Thematic Mapper data.

Reforma da administra????o p??blica e cultura pol??tica no Brasil: uma vis??o geral

Texto bastante did??tico que compreende uma revis??o da evolu????o da administra????o p??blica brasileira, dos anos 30 aos 90, incluindo tra??os da heran??a colonial. Enfoca a deteriora????o da administra????o p??blica federal e discute diretrizes para a reforma do Estado no Brasil, apontando problemas e resist??ncias pol??ticas a serem enfrentadas

M??dulo I - introdu????o: curso or??amento p??blico: vis??o geral

Este documento trata de: or??amento p??blico: conceito, fun????es, t??cnicas, princ??pios e marcos legais; enfoques do or??amento: enfoque fiscal dos or??amentos e enfoque program??tico da despesa; roteiro da elabora????o e execu????o or??ament??ria anual; classifica????es or??ament??rias da despesa e da receita; execu????o dos or??amentos; execu????o or??ament??ria e financeira

M??dulo 2 - enfoques do or??amento: curso or??amento p??blico: vis??o geral

Este documento trata de: or??amento p??blico: conceito, fun????es, t??cnicas, princ??pios e marcos legais; enfoques do or??amento: enfoque fiscal dos or??amentos e enfoque program??tico da despesa; roteiro da elabora????o e execu????o or??ament??ria anual; classifica????es or??ament??rias da despesa e da receita; execu????o dos or??amentos; execu????o or??ament??ria e financeira

M??dulo 3 - o processo: curso or??amento p??blico: vis??o geral

Este documento trata de: or??amento p??blico: conceito, fun????es, t??cnicas, princ??pios e marcos legais; enfoques do or??amento: enfoque fiscal dos or??amentos e enfoque program??tico da despesa; roteiro da elabora????o e execu????o or??ament??ria anual; classifica????es or??ament??rias da despesa e da receita; execu????o dos or??amentos; execu????o or??ament??ria e financeira

M??dulo 4 - classifica????es or??ament??rias: curso or??amento p??blico: vis??o geral

Este documento trata de: or??amento p??blico: conceito, fun????es, t??cnicas, princ??pios e marcos legais; enfoques do or??amento: enfoque fiscal dos or??amentos e enfoque program??tico da despesa; roteiro da elabora????o e execu????o or??ament??ria anual; classifica????es or??ament??rias da despesa e da receita; execu????o dos or??amentos; execu????o or??ament??ria e financeira

M??dulo 5 - no????es sobre execu????o or??ament??ria: curso or??amento p??blico: vis??o geral

Este documento trata de: or??amento p??blico: conceito, fun????es, t??cnicas, princ??pios e marcos legais; enfoques do or??amento: enfoque fiscal dos or??amentos e enfoque program??tico da despesa; roteiro da elabora????o e execu????o or??ament??ria anual; classifica????es or??ament??rias da despesa e da receita; execu????o dos or??amentos; execu????o or??ament??ria e financeira

Or??amento p??blico: vis??o geral

Este documento trata de: or??amento p??blico: conceito, fun????es, t??cnicas, princ??pios e marcos legais; enfoques do or??amento: enfoque fiscal dos or??amentos e enfoque program??tico da despesa; roteiro da elabora????o e execu????o or??ament??ria anual; classifica????es or??ament??rias da despesa e da receita; execu????o dos or??amentos; execu????o or??ament??ria e financeira

Forma????o de dirigentes da administra????o p??blica federal brasileira: a vis??o da Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica ??? ENAP

Este texto est?? estruturado de forma a resgatar o papel da ENAP, desde sua cria????o, na forma????o de dirigentes p??blicos, mais especificamente no desenvolvimento de compet??ncias de lideran??a