Sustitución valvular aórtica transapical: implicaciones anestésicas

S’ha realitzat un estudi descriptiu retrospectiu dels 13 casos de malalts intervinguts de sustitución valvular aòrtica transapical en els darrers tres anys en l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Els resultats han sigut comparats amb la bibliografia existent, ficant de manifest diferents aspectes perioperatoris sobre els que podem incidir i millorar amb la fi d’optimitzar els malalts davant a la cirurgia. Disminuint les complicacions i per tant la mortalitat, així com millorant la gestió de recursos hospitalaris i el seu consegüent estalvi econòmic.

Fibrilación auricular en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca: factores predisponentes y complicaciones

La fibril•lació auricular és una complicació freqüent en el postoperatori de cirurgia cardíaca que empitjora el pronòstic d'aquest procediment. Per aquest motiu decidim realitzar un estudi prospectiu observacional amb la finalitat de detectar factors relacionats amb l'aparició de fibril•lació auricular postquirúrgica, en el qual es van incloure 101 pacients intervinguts de cirurgia cardíaca en un període de 3 mesos. Es van recollir dades preoperatòries i intraoperatòries, així com complicacions postquirúrgiques. Es va objectivar associació estadística entre l'aparició de fibril•lació auricular i el tipus i durada de la cirurgia, així com augment en les complicacions i en l'estada mitjana.

Valoración de la impedancia miocárdica transesofágica como técnica diagnóstica de rechazo cardíaco post-trasplante

L'objectiu del present estudi va ser desenvolupar una nova tècnica d'impedància miocàrdica transesofàgica (IMT) i valorar la seva utilitat en el diagnòstic de rebuig cardíac post-trasplantament. Es va mesurar la IMT prèviament a la realització de les biòpsies endomiocàrdiques (BEM) a 19 pacients trasplantats de cor, un 10% de les BEM realitzades van presentar rebuig grau 3A. Els pacients van catalogar la mesura de IMT de 8'9 vegades més còmoda i 9,1 vegada menys molesta que la BEM. En la present sèrie, no es van observar diferències significatives entre els valors de IMT en funció de la presència o no de rebuig

Utilidad del complejo protrombínico en el control de la hemostasia en el trasplante cardiaco. experincia en el hospital la fe en el año 2009.

Molts dels pacients que van a ser sotmesos a trasplantament cardíac porten tractament amb anticoagulants orals, que cal revertir preoperatòriament. En aquest estudi es pretén valorar l'eficàcia del complex protrombínic en la reversió de l’anticoagulació oral, realitzant un estudi descriptiu, observacional i retrospectiu dels pacients trasplantats en 2009 en l'Hospital U. La Fe. Resultats: El tractament amb Complex Protrombínic va ser efectiu per a la reversió de l'efecte dels anticoagulants orals, ja que va disminuir el INR (P=0.006) després de la seua administració, amb l'avantatge de tenir un efecte ràpid i un escàs volum.

Percepción del dolor en pacientes postoperados de cirugía cardiaca

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience, associated with tissue damage, that is a reality linked to the surgical procedure and the postoperative period. Objective: Knowing the degree of pain experienced by patients after cardiac surgery, depending on the type of intervention they underwent, over the post-operative period in an intensive care unit (ICU). Method: Descriptive observational study. Pain was assessed by the visual analog scale (VAS), going from 0 to 10, thereby obtaining the first VAS1 assessment at 2 h post-extubation and every 8 hours thereafter up to 48 hours or until discharge to floor VAS7. It included patients having undergone cardiac surgery [valve surgery, bypass, combined procedure (including valve surgery and bypass) and mediastinitis]. Data were processed using Spss.v 20. Results: 120 patients 70 years old on average (standard deviation (SD): 13.3 years old) were included, out of which 70% were male. 40.8% of them had underwent bypass coronary revascularization. Patients subjected to the bypass technique showed an VAS1 mean value of 4.35 (SD: 2.45), unlike those subjected to valve surgery, who showed a mean value of 2.89 (SD: 2.27), those subjected to the combined procedure, who showed a mean value of 3.87 (SD: 2.90), and those with mediastinitis, who showed a mean value of 3.33 (SD: 3.51); (p < 0.031). 28.5% of patients had underwent revascularization (n = 49 ) by an internal mam mary artery (IMA) graft. These patients showed a mean value for VAS1 of 5.4 (SD: 1.89), unlike those who had underwent a combined procedure [IMA and saphenous vein (SV)], who showed a mean value of 3.9 (SD: 2.6), and those who had underwent a SV procedure , who showed a mean value of 3.5 (SD: 2.1); (p < 0.045). Conclusions: Patients having underwent bypass and IMA procedures perceive more pain than in other cardiac surgery and graft interventions

Técnica de separação de cor para fotocoagulação com luz solar concentrada

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica

Cor Triatriatum Sinister. Polimorfismo Clínico e Ecocardiográfico

Descrevem-se quatro casos de cor Triatriatum sinister em crianças com idades compreendidas entre 4 dias e 12 meses, ocorrendo numa delas a forma clássica isolada e nas outras três em associação, respectivamente com comunicação interventricular, conexão venosa pulmonar anómala e persistência de veia cava superior esquerda. Uma criança foi submetida a correcção cirúrgica da cardiopatia com sucesso, duas faleceram antes de se poder tentar a correcção e outra aguarda cirurgia. Descrevem-se os dados mais relevantes da clínica e dos exames complementares, salientando-se a ecocardiografia como um excelente método de diagnóstico desta patologia. Conclui-se que a forma clássica de cor Triatriatum pode simular doença pulmonar primária e a forma associada a outras anomalias cardíacas tem em geral um diagnóstico mais precoce por ser referenciada mais cedo. Os resultados cirúrgicos e o prognóstico dependem não só das anomalias associadas mas também da precocidade do diagnóstico.

Avaluació del maneig i seguiment postoperatori dels pacients portadors d'Stents coronaris i sotmesos a cirurgia no cardíaca

L’objectiu de l’estudi ha estat descriure els esdeveniments adversos en pacients portadors d’stents coronaris sotmesos a cirurgia no cardíaca, el maneig del tractament antiagregant plaquetari (AAP) i avaluar la relació entre l’aparició d’aquests esdeveniments amb la gestió perioperatòria dels AAP. Estudi observacional i prospectiu. Es van incloure 81 procediments quirúrgics. Un 96.3 % estava amb tractament AAP, la retirada es va realitzar en un 28.2%. La incidència d’esdeveniments cardíacs majors va ser 12.3 %, un 37% varen presentar altres complicacions. CONCLUSIONS El nostre estudi no mostra que el maneig del tractament AAP tingui relació amb els esdeveniments adversos.

Avaliação do emprego de microeletrocautério na cirurgia da otite média secretora

Este estudo apresenta os resultados de tratamento em 83 pacientes com Idade entre 2–10 anos, que apresentaram otite média secretora com efusão, bilateral ou unilateral, acompanhada ou não de hipertrofia de adenóides e cornetos, no Hospital Universitário São Francisco de Paula da Universidade Católica de Pelotas – UCPel, no período de julho de 1997 a julho de 1999. Os pacientes foram submetidos a timpanocentese com uso do Microcautério por Rádio-freqüência (modelo Lavinsky – HCPA), uni ou bilateralmente. Na avaliação periódica de 15 dias, um mês e três meses, observamos dois pontos principais: a) a cura dos pacientes (que apresentaram membrana e caixa timpânica normais); b) a relação com a literatura em trabalhos semelhantes com uso do Laser CO2. Relatamos também a incidência em percentuais, com identificação das alterações de imagem da membrana timpânica nestes três períodos cronológicos, e na distribuição conforme cor, sexo e idade, uni/bilateralidade e simultaneidade na presença das duas afecções relatadas. Na avaliação final, percebemos 80,5% de cura da patologia. Na comparação com a literatura existente sobre o uso de Laser CO2, os nossos resultados mostraram-se homogêneos. O tempo de oclusão da membrana timpânica foi de 2,73 meses (desvio – padrão = 1,39 meses), normalizando a secreção da caixa timpânica.

Subnotificação da ingestão energética entre obesas candidatas à cirurgia bariátrica

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Avaliação de qualidade de vida dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de amputação abdominoperineal do reto com colostomia abdominal ou colostomia perineal

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Análise da segurança oncológica na cirurgia de Wetheim-Meigs via videolaparoscópica comparada à via laparotômica

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Características psicológicas do paciente obeso grave e suas implicações pós-operatórias na cirurgia bariátrica

Obesity is a chronic disease that has multi-factorial aetiology, characterized by high degree of body fat; the degree of obesity will vary according to the Body Mass Index (BMI=m2 /kg). The severe degree of obesity is characterized by BMI>40 and it is regularly associated to endocrine-metabolic or mechanic clinical alterations, and to psychological disorders. Binge Eating (BE) results were overly high for this population. The Bariatric Surgery has been the treatment chosen by those diagnosed with severe obesity as this intervention provides prompt outcomes for loss of weight and clinical improvement conditions. However, recent research has acquiesced that after two years between 20% and 30% of people subject to this intervention gained weight. The main objective of this research is to assess the psychological and behavioral characteristics of those diagnosed with severe obesity that have been subject to Gastric Bypass Surgery in the past 24 months. Specific aspects were investigated: (1) characteristics of different personalities and diagnose of clinic and personality disorders; (2) BE and its relation with loss of weight; (2) the difference between the groups regarding post-surgery care, e.g. physical activity, psychological and dietician input. Method: 40 adults (women and men) aged 23 and 60 year-old who went through a bariatric surgery in the past 24 months, in the city of Natal-RN (Brazil); they were assembled in two groups n=20, Gain group displaying loss of < 50% of their initial surplus of weight, and the Loss group displaying loss of >50%. The research protocol is made of a socio-demographic questionnaire and 3 psychometric instruments: Rorschach – Comprehensive System; Millon Personality Inventory (MCMI-III); and the Binge Eating Scale (Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica (ECAP). Through Rorschach significant differences between these groups were verified according to the kind of personality (EB) - more EB Extratensivo in Gain group and Intratensivo in Loss group – and the lack of control to express affect, increasing the answer for Color Pure at Group I. Concerning the people standardization, the sample as a whole tends to show psychic pain, denigrated selfperception, high levels of self-criticism, distorted perceptions, vulnerability to develop mood disorders and high scores regarding Suicide. MCMI-III results showed more clinic and personality disorders in Group I: Depressive Disorder and Schizotypal, Anxiety, Dysthymia, Major Depressive Disorder; Thought Disorder, Bipolar- Manic and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In relation to ECAP, the results indicated significant differences, showing increased BE results in Gain group. There were found significant differences between BE severity and the presence of clinic and personality disorders. Concerning the post-surgery care, the observed differences are statistically significant regarding physical activities with median-increased differences in Loss group. There is a difference between the initial weight and the time post-surgery, indicating that the higher the initial weight and the time after the surgery the higher the re-gain of weight post-surgery. Finally, the results show that the participants with more than 3 years of surgery will have Clinic and Major Depressive Disorders; Somatoform Disorder; Dysthymia. These results confirm prior studies related to BE post-surgery and re-gain of weight as well as the proneness of clinic disorders in severe obesity people. That means the results reinforce that the surgery process is a facet of the severe obesity treatment. The post-surgery process needs to be the main focus of attention and have a long-term input to sustain the care of the surgery results and the quality of life of the patients.

Complicações imediatas e tardias após cirurgia de reservatório ileal na polipose adenomatosa familiar

BACKGROUND: Restorative proctocolectomy is the procedure of choice to treat familial adenomatous polyposis, however it can be associated to short-term and long-term postoperative complications. AIM: To evaluate the occurrence of complications related to the surgical treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis with ileal pouch technique. METHODS: Retrospective study of 69 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis after rectocolectomy with ileal reservoir between 1984 and 2006, operated on Coloproctology Group, Medical Sciences Faculty, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. The median follow-up period was 82 (2-280) months. Data obtained were surgical techniques and postoperative complications. RESULTS: The morbidity and mortality were 63.8% and 2.9%, respectively. The most frequent complications were small-bowel obstruction (17.4%), anastomotic stricture (15.9%) and pelvic sepsis (10.1%). Acute ischemia of the ileal pouch (4.3%), pouchitis (2.9%) and ileal pouch-related fistula (2.9%) had poorer frequency than others. CONCLUSIONS: The morbid-mortality was similar to the literature?s data and it is acceptable for a complex surgery in two terms like the ileal reservoir-anal anastomosis. The small-bowel obstruction was the most frequent complication. However, ischemia of the reservoir, pouchitis and pelvic sepsis were important complications and was related to the failure of the ileal reservoir.

Resultados da cirurgia de reservatórios ileais em pacientes com doença de Crohn

BACKGROUND: Total rectocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is the choice surgical procedure for patients with ulcerative colitis. In cases of Crohn's disease post-operative diagnosis, it can be followed by pouch failure. AIM: To evaluate ileal pouch-anal anastomosis long-term outcome in patients with Crohn's disease. METHODS: Between February 1983 and March 2007, 151 patients were submitted to ileal pouch-anal anastomosis by Campinas State University Colorectal Unit, Campinas, SP, Brazil, 76 had pre-operative ulcerative colitis diagnosis and 11 had post-operative Crohn's disease diagnosis. Crohn's disease diagnosis was made by histopathological biopsies in nine cases, being one in surgical specimen, two cases in rectal stump, small bowel in two cases, ileal pouch in three and in perianal abscess in one of them. The median age was 30.6 years and eight (72.7%) were female. RESULTS: All patients had previous ulcerative colitis diagnosis and in five cases emergency colectomy was done by toxic megacolon. The mean time until of Crohn's disease diagnosis was 30.6 (6-80) months after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Ileostomy closure was possible in 10 cases except in one that had ileal pouch fistula, perianal disease and small bowel involvement. In the long-term follow-up, three patients had perineal fistulas and one had also a pouch-vaginal fistula. All of them were submitted to a new ileostomy and one had the pouch excised. Another patient presented pouch-vaginal fistula which was successfully treated by mucosal flap. Three patients had small bowel involvement and three others, pouch involvement. All improved with medical treatment. Presently, the mean follow-up is 76.5 months and all patients are in clinical remission, and four have fecal diversion. The remaining patients have good functional results with 6-10 bowel movements/day. CONCLUSION: Crohn's disease diagnosis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis may be usual and later complications such fistulas and stenosis are common. However, when left in situ ileal pouch is associated with good function.