The Acropolitan - v. 4, no. 3

In this issue...Mrs. Horace Vaughn Winchell, Anaconda Copper Mining Company, United Engineering Societies library, Geological Engineering, Columbia Gardens

The Acropolitan - v. 5, no. 2

In this issue...Professor L. J. Hartzell, Washoe Sampler, Anaconda, Montana, Co-ed Club, Manganese Plant, Professor Gilbert, Ore Diggers, Mines Football, Columbia Gardens

The Amplifier - v. 2, no. 9

In this issue...Volunteer Fire Departments, Butte, Montana, Coffee Shop, Glee Club, M Club, Pioneer's Club, Columbia Gardens, Gamer's, Dick Siguaw

The Amplifier - v. 5, no. 8

In this issue...Koehler S. Stout, Spanish, The Anaconda Company, William A. Clark, Butte Chamber of Commerce, Pennsylvania Mine, Glee Club, Metal's Bank, March of Dimes

The Amplifier - v. 7, no. 6

In this issue...World War I, book drive, Pete Gross, Columbia Gardens, Marcus Daly, greyhound racing, Governor Donald Nutter, Santa Claus, Sid Brown, Metals Bank

Physiographic Surfaces and Weathering Near Butte

Three cycles of erosion have modified the Boulder batholith. The earliest cycle produced a peneplaination that has been largely obliterated by a partially completed intermediate cycle, and the recent cycle now in progress.

The Amplifier - v. 8, no. 11

In this issue...M-Day dance, V. Jenks Orchestra, voting, Montana Legislature, Tom Sheehy, tennis, Columbia Gardens, Loretta Peck, commencement

The Amplifier - v. 14, no. 4

In this issue...Archaeology, Gulf Oil Corporation, Hallmark Cards, Larry Hoffman, Sigma Rho, Rock Hounds, Main Hall, Debate Team, Tech Basketball

Ancient clam gardens, traditional management portfolios, and the resilience of coupled human-ocean systems

Indigenous communities have actively managed their environments for millennia using a diversity of resource use and conservation strategies. Clam gardens, ancient rock-walled intertidal beach terraces, represent one example of an early mariculture technology that may have been used to improve food security and confer resilience to coupled human-ocean systems. We surveyed a coastal landscape for evidence of past resource use and management to gain insight into ancient resource stewardship practices on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada. We found that clam gardens are embedded within a diverse portfolio of resource use and management strategies and were likely one component of a larger, complex resource management system. We compared clam diversity, density, recruitment, and biomass in three clam gardens and three unmodified nonwalled beaches. Evidence suggests that butter clams (Saxidomus gigantea) had 1.96 times the biomass and 2.44 times the density in clam gardens relative to unmodified beaches. This was due to a reduction in beach slope and thus an increase in the optimal tidal range where clams grow and survive best. The most pronounced differences in butter clam density between nonwalled beaches and clam gardens were found at high tidal elevations at the top of the beach. Finally, clam recruits (0.5-2 mm in length) tended to be greater in clam gardens compared to nonwalled beaches and may be attributed to the addition of shell hash by ancient people, which remains on the landscape today. As part of a broader social-ecological system, clam garden sites were among several modifications made by humans that collectively may have conferred resilience to past communities by providing reliable and diverse access to food resources.

GPX - Gardens Point XML Information Retrieval at INEX 2004

Traditional information retrieval (IR) systems respond to user queries with ranked lists of relevant documents. The separation of content and structure in XML documents allows individual XML elements to be selected in isolation. Thus, users expect XML-IR systems to return highly relevant results that are more precise than entire documents. In this paper we describe the implementation of a search engine for XML document collections. The system is keyword based and is built upon an XML inverted file system. We describe the approach that was adopted to meet the requirements of Content Only (CO) and Vague Content and Structure (VCAS) queries in INEX 2004.

Mining in Northern British Columbia

The history of the settlement of the province is tied to patterns of exploration and min development. In Northern British Columbia the Cariboo goldfields provided the impetus for settlement of the region and the beginning for mining to extend into the watern and northern regions in a series of minor gold rushes. The northern half of the province has a geological diverse mineral base that supports a wide variety of mining, and a gradual improvement of exploration and mining methods due to scientific knowledge and technology provided opportunities for lode gold and base metal mines to be developed. The success of mining is based on world ore prices and competitive markets that impact the economic viability of developing a mine. Mining faces increasing pressures in the northern half of the province due to other resource values, such as tourism or protected areas, that claim and compete for a similar land base.

Gardens le grande

The gardens of Versailles are a prime example of the beauty that can be attained where art and horticulture meld on a truly grand scale. Carrying on that tradition in the former veggie garden of the French palace is one of the world's most prestigious landscape architecture schools. Julian Raxworthy, a senior lecturer in landscape architecture at Queensland University of Technology recently taught a workshop at the Versailles school. As he explains, the concepts that underlie the school's teaching and the formal grandeur of the gardens of Versailles continue to be as innovative and relevant today as they were in the 17th century.